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The energy needed for the dewatering and drying of wet paper web represents around half of the energy consumption of papermaking processes. The present work examined whether the dewatering and drying of paper could be enhanced during a previous pulp drying process by pretreating the fibers with polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE). According to the hypothesis, the cured PAE restrains swelling and water absorption of water-wetted fibers by forming a fiber-bound, self-crosslinked polymernetwork on the fiber surfaces. The hypothesis was tested by adding PAE to never-dried kraft pulp slurry followed by pulp thickening, drying, and final curing of the PAE-resin. After this, the PAE-treated fibers were dispersed in water, and their water retention values (WRV) and Shopper-Riegler values (°SR) were measured. The PAE pretreatments notably decreased the fibers' WRV and °SR, indicating improved water removal of paper web in the paper machine forming and drying section. Compared to chemical crosslinking pretreatments, which also can be used to decrease fibers WRV and °SR-value, a notable advantage of PAE-pretreatment is milder required curing conditions of the PAE, which makes implementation of the method easier in practice. Due to decreased fiber-to-fiber bonding capability, the PAE-treated specialty fibers could take advantage especially as a bulking aid of paperboard, tissue, and absorbent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the cutting performance of the straight edge hob and reduce the cutting power consumption model of the straight edge hob, this paper takes the cutting power of the straight edge hob as the minimum goal, and establishes the mathematical model of the optimization design of the straight edge hob based on the composite optimization method. The mathematical model is solved by MATLAB software. At the same time,the mowing characteristics of a roller blade were studied by investigating the relationship between the hob and the coordination of variables such as rotational speed and roller diameter with the mowing parameters. The parameter analysis of straight edge hob before and after structural parameter optimization is generated, and a design method is proposed based on this. After defining the objective function and constraint conditions, the influence of structural parameters on the power consumption and efficiency of the hob was determined by optimising the complex method; this could significantly adjust the hob parameters to lower its power consumption. The energy consumption of the optimized design is reduced by 11.1 % compared with the original scheme, and the optimization effect is remarkable. The results show that the best working parameters of the hob are cutting speed of 1000 r/min, sliding cutting angle and grinding edge angle of 25~30°. Moreover, practical tests demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed method to design the straight edge hob to improve mowing performance and hob stability. This study can provide parameter foundation and an optimization method for lowering chopping power consumption of the roller mower blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Howard Rachlin's widely influential behavioral economic approach to self‐control and related issues provides the model for this submission. The topic is overconsumption. Current human consumption levels are unsustainable. Explanations typically focus on societal factors, such as the seductive power of advertising and/or misguided tax policies. However, the effectiveness of these factors depends on the degree to which individuals are susceptible to the message: "consume more." Humans are not blank slates. This paper argues that how individuals frame their choices establishes the susceptibility to overconsume. According to economic theory, consumers frame their options as bundles, composed of different combinations of the available items and activities. This leads to maximizing. In experiments, participants tend to frame their options as "either‐or" choices. This leads to the matching law. Mathematical models of concurrent schedule choice procedures show that (1) the matching law implies overconsumption of the most preferred option and (2) that individuals will persist in preferring their favorite option even when doing so reduces overall reward rates. Given that the matching law better describes how individuals choose than does maximizing, the mathematical models of widely used choice procedures help explain why efforts to increase consumption have been more influential than efforts to control consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve an increase in the profitability of tissue paper production, this research aimed to identify factors that affect the degree of pulp refinement and the tension index of the tissue paper when using short fiber, long fiber and Quimizine B enzyme. The methodology considered laboratory experiments, obtaining refining curves, multilevel factorial design and response surface diagrams. The results indicated that the most significant common factor in the pulp refining degree and tension index is the specific energy consumption for both types of fiber, and that optimal operating parameters can be known by analyzing the refining degree and tension index independently and simultaneously. It was concluded that the multilevel factorial design allowed to identify significant factors that influence the properties of the refining degree and the resistance of tissue paper when looking for an individual and simultaneous optimum and, that the influence of the enzyme increased the properties of the refining degree and the tensile strength of the paper when using raw material of short and long fiber from Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days there has been an increase in the consumers demand for great food, produced in environmentally cost-effective and friendly processes, being increasingly necessary new cultivation techniques able to ensure the required standards for banana growers and consumers. Therefore, the research aimed to evaluate the effects of bunch cover materials on development and quality of 'BRS Platina' banana fruits. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments, four replications and four plants per plot, being the treatments: WB - without bagging; BBTK - black polypropylene bag (TNT) + kraft paper; BBPK - black polyethilene bag + kraft paper; KP - kraft paper; WBT - non-woven polypropylene white bag (TNT) and WBP - white polyethylene plastic bag. The 'BRS Platina' banana bunches cover improved fruits quality and the treatment polyethylene white bag (WBP) can be an advantageous option for the banana growers because of its effectiveness on the reduction of damages caused by flowers thrips (Frankliniella spp), providing a good agronomic performance and also does not delay the harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some information characterizing wastepaper, including utilization rates, technical data of different fiber grades, and waste paper processing technologies, is presented in the article. Wastepaper obtained from different sources such as cardboard and paper production, production of various goods (e.g. printing companies), and cardboard and paper consumption (e.g. household waste) is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When choices are made from ordered lists, individuals can exhibit biases toward selecting certain options as a result of the ordering. We examine this phenomenon in the context of consumer response to the ordering of economics papers in an e-mail announcement issued by the NBER. We show that despite the effectively random list placement, papers listed first each week are about 30% more likely to be viewed, downloaded, and subsequently cited. We suggest that a model of "skimming" behavior, where individuals focus on the first few papers in the list due to time constraints, would be most consistent with our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By purchasing larger quantities of goods and saving them for future consumption households are able to reduce transaction costs and acquire goods at a lower price per unit, presuming they can manage the transportation and storage costs. This study uses variations in state income tax refunds over time to estimate consumption responses to lump‐sum payments. Households purchase around 20 per cent more of easily stored toilet paper in the months in which tax refunds are issued, but do not increase purchases of perishables such as bread and eggs. In addition to purchasing more goods at a lower per‐unit price, households also appear to increase the time until their next purchase, which implies that they are saving goods for consumption over time. These in‐kind savings allow people to smooth their consumption over time, much like pecuniary savings. Government payments that provide lump‐sum payments can benefit consumers by providing additional liquidity to buy and store goods at a lower cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a monthly data between 2008 and 2019, this study investigated how the development of the Internet technologies has shaped the consumer consumption pattern of different types of paper products in China during this period. In detail, this study covers four major types of paper products in the Chinese market: newsprint, printing paper, household paper, and packaging paper. The developments of Internet technologies were decomposed into two aspects: the communication technology (CT) and the software platform technology (PT). Granger causality analysis was employed to determine whether the consumption pattern of paper products was affected by the development of the Internet. Furthermore, impulse-response analyses were utilized to measure how the consumption pattern of each paper product was shaped by the development of each aspect of Internet technologies, i.e., CT or PT. The empirical results suggested that the Internet developments are causing the consumption patterns shifts of all four paper products. Specifically, the consumptions of newsprint and printing paper were driven by both CT and PT. However, the consumptions of packaging paper and household paper were driven by the PT only. Compared to the development of CT, we found that the quick evolution of PT plays a more significant role in shifting people's consumption of paper products in China. The empirical results revealed by this study could provide valuable economics and policy implications to both academia and relevant industries. • Internet development has shifted the paper products consumption pattern in China. • Development of internet boosted the demand for printing paper and household paper. • Development of internet suppressed the demand for newsprint. • The effects of internet technological development are separated into two aspects. • Emerging Internet platforms shifted the consumption of paper products efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production and consumption of paper leads to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, reducing the paper demand will lead to GHG emission reduction. Paper use for communication is responsible for GHG emissions of 121 Mton CO2-equivalents in Western Europe (1995). In this paper a baseline scenario is developed for Western Europe that forecasts a rise in communication paper consumption from 31 Mtons/year in 1995 to 53 Mtons in 2015. We show that several measures are available to reduce the demand for publication papers, e.g. thinner paper, efficient printing technologies, duplexing, and printing on demand (POD). The impact of these measures are determined by using a life cycle inventory approach whereby we focus on GHGs only. We estimate that it is technically possible to reduce paper demand in 2015 by 37% compared with the baseline scenario. This would correspond to a GHG emission reduction of 70 Mton CO2-equivalents We calculate that the intensity of use of publication papers may drop from 5.2 kg per $1000 GDP in 1995 to 3.4 kg per $1000 GDP in 20l5 (all in 1995$). The measures with the largest emission reduction potential are, lowering the basic weight of paper as well as POD. Assumptions on the market potential of POD are uncertain and have a large influence on the results. Further research should focus on determining the influence of increasing access to (digital) information on paper demand. In the analysis only material management improvements are taken into account, no improvements in energy efficiency or improved waste management practices are taken into account. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Preserving customers' expectations and understanding factors affecting their purchasing decisions are crucial in designing effective marketing and advertising strategies. However, constantly and swiftly changing the customers' interests and consumption behaviors make it inevitable to utilize sophisticated tools and approaches based on advanced technologies. Among them, by measuring the customers' physiological and neural signals, studying the customers' cognitive and affective responses to marketing stimuli, neuromarketing provides deep insight into the customers' motivations, preferences, and decisions. Recently, the internet of everything (IoE) has brought many new opportunities to the industry and has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The main objective of this paper is to address how the IoE would empower neuromarketing techniques. Hence, an in-depth understanding of current research issues as well as emerging trends would help meet this goal. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been done by reviewing numerous journal and conference papers from various academic databases (sciencedirect.com, IEEE Xplore, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, ACM digital library) based on applying various filtrations on specific keywords to identify and categorize the IoE devices in the neuromarketing field. In particular, we discussed the importance and the applications of IoE gadgets and devices, especially wearable medical technologies in eight neuromarketing techniques. Finally, we described critical existing challenges and limitations in neuromarketing and IoE gadgets that researchers have dealt with in this field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the digital economy's impact on rural household consumption upgrading. Existing studies remain mainly at the level of rural consumption scale and rarely address the consumption structure. The specific impact of the development of the digital economy on rural consumption upgrading and its mechanisms of action deserves in-depth study and consideration. We analyzed the related content using the fixed-effect model, the instrumental variable method (IV), the mediation effect model, and three-year panel data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). This study found that, at the scale level, the digital economy contributes to expanding rural household consumption. At the structural level, the digital economy significantly increases the share of enjoyment-oriented household consumption but has no significant effect on development-oriented consumption. Income is an important transmission mechanism for the digital economy to improve rural household consumption. Besides, the impact of the digital economy on the upgrading of rural consumption varies according to income level and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on several issues related to the graphic paper demand in the market including the development of gross domestic product (GDP), population, and the price of paper. It also mentions that diffusion of information and communication technologies are now regarded as a possible driver of its consumption, indicating that the emerging markets for paper demand is a combination of classical and new factors. It examines panel data regression analysis of Russian market along with system dynamics simulation using Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. It also integrates different quantitative approaches to sketch long-term paper demand.

The amount of generated municipal waste depends not only on the population but also on consumption patterns and economic welfare. The aim of this paper was to present the structure of generated waste over the years in the European Union, Poland, in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and in Rzeszow. It has been assumed that the SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic, the political action of the government, and the higher standard of living of the society are the factors influencing the increase in the amount of waste generated by households and waste segregation. The paper analyses the waste management system using the official data collected and published by Statistics Poland -- the Local Data Bank (LBD) and Eurostat. The amount of municipal waste and waste collected selectively from households was probably affected to the greatest extent by local regulations. According to the data presented, a sharp increase in the amount of municipal waste, including bulk waste and bio-waste, was observed in 2013 and 2014, which may be related to the amendment in 2013 applicable in Poland of the Act on maintaining order and cleanliness in communes. Unfortunately in the Eurostat database, no accurate data on selectively collected municipal waste is available, and in LBD this data is available for different time spans depending on the administrative level. This makes it difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions on the amount of generated waste and forecast changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The poor people segment has gained considerable scholarly attention, particularly after eight scholars established it as an untapped market. This study attempts to understand the nine consumption behaviours of a poor consumer. Therefore, we collate 384 scholarly papers indexed in the Scopus database, published during the period 1975–2020. Both evaluative and bibliometric relationship techniques, namely, Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, are utilized to understand the domain's progress in the past 45 years. Besides this, content analysis is conducted via hand search to identify the most utilized research methods, popularly applied theories and most explored contexts. Results show that research in this field has grown exponentially, particularly after 2007, with research focusing on low-income consumers, bottom-of-pyramid consumers and mobile money users. The findings indicate this domain demonstrates skewed development, and there is a huge room for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on shortage of paper in Europe causing mill shutdowns and curtailments. Topics include socio-economic factors showing inflation, transportation challenges and labor shortage, posing a significant threat to the print and paper industries; and shortage of transportation trucks and drivers taking action on the reliability of deliveries.

Consumer demand for higher resolution, higher frame rate, and deeper color displays is driving the data rates of the connected video systems to the limits of affordability. At current high‐end displays, like 4K gaming at 360 Hz frame rate or 8K TV's at >120 Hz frame rate, conventional data transports require parallel data‐pairs plus equalization circuits to deliver the required video data. These accommodations increase cost, power and complexity. HYPHY's revolutionary 'modulated analog' (also referred to as "sampled Analog") video transport is the solution to this impasse, demonstrably delivering 10X more video payload per "wire‐hertz" than traditional methods, delivering equal or better image quality. To emphasize the advantages of this method, HYPHY has developed an image and video quality measurement method that demonstrates the image quality of Modulated Analog to be at least on par with traditional display driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 of zero hunger and malnutrition by 2030 will require dietary shifts that include increasing the consumption of nutrient dense foods by populations in low- and middle-income countries. Animal source foods are known to be rich in a number of highly bioavailable nutrients that otherwise are not often consumed in the staple-food based diets of poorer populations throughout the world. Fish is the dominant animal source food in many low- and middle-income countries in the global south and is available from both fisheries and aquaculture. Consumers often perceive that wild caught fish have higher nutritional value than fish produced through aquaculture, and this may be true for some nutrients, for example omega-3 fatty acid content. However, there is potential to modify the nutritional value of farmed fish through feeds and through production systems, illustrated by the common practice of supplementing omega-3 fatty acids in fish diets to optimize their fatty acid profile. This manuscript reviews the evidence related to fish feeds and the nutritional composition of fish with respect to a number of nutrients of interest to human health, including iron, zinc, vitamins A and D, selenium, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, with low- and middle-income country populations in mind. In general, we find that the research on fortification of fish diet particularly with vitamins and minerals has not been directed toward human health but rather toward improvement of fish growth and health performance. We were unable to identify any studies directly exploring the impact of fish feed modification on the health of human consumers of fish, but as nutrition and health rises in the development agenda and consumer attention, the topic requires more urgent attention in future feed formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the dynamics of volatile compound alterations during the storage of ground roasted coffee in various packaging were investigated using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each type of packaging underwent repeated opening and closing, simulating the gradual consumption behavior of the consumer who consumes ground coffee in smaller doses over time. The experimental results revealed that after 30 days of storage, 35 to 45% of the volatile substances originally present in the coffee were lost regardless of the type of packaging used. Notably, storing coffee in a paper sachet proved to be the least effective method, resulting in a loss of over 80% of all volatile coffee substances during this storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While highly expansionary fiscal and monetary policies were considered adequate by most economists at the time of crisis, there was a consensus that these policies could have undesired side-effects once the pandemic was over and the economy recovering. Additionally, the authors identify optimal fiscal policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the high phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries worldwide adopted drastic health policy measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers the author's insight on the philosophy of international crisis and its economic outcomes. He states that philosopher Martin Rhonheimer noted that free market is essential for human prosperity. He adds that Rhonheimer's conceptualization understand prosperity as consumption which means the satisfaction of human needs inhabiting a specific territory. He mentions that human achievements do not mean a lot with free markets or a country's gross domestic product (GDP).

Material flow analysis was used to analyse major product groups (paper, glass, and plastics) in the Bangkok Metropolis system in terms of the flows of relevant resources, materials, and waste. The results showed that the consumption process was the major source of paper, glass, and plastic waste in Bangkok. The total paper waste after consumption accounted for 651,986 tons, or 79% of the total paper used (825,067 tons), in the metropolis. However, only 32.4% of the total paper waste was sorted for recycling. About 25.4% of the glass waste after consumption was recycled and 6.7% was reused in Bangkok. Most (89.3%) of the total plastic products (1,342,322 tons) consumed in Bangkok was turned into plastic waste and only 22.2% of the total plastic waste (1,200,911 tons) from both consumption and production was sorted for recycling. Suggestions to minimise the waste generated in certain processes of these product systems are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeologies of Slavery and Freedom in the Caribbean: Exploring the Spaces in Between: edited by Lynsey A. Bates, John M. Chenoweth, and James A. Delle, University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 2016. ix, 358 pp., ill., maps. The volume concludes with remarks by Laurie Wilkie (Chapter 14) who draws on her own deep experience with plantation archaeology in both the Bahamas and the southeastern United States, to synthesize the preceding chapters and reflect on which "spaces in between" remain understudied. Seiter points out how on many small islands, sugar monoculture was slow to develop as the climate, challenging topography, and political instability were impediments to sugar cultivation and plantation slavery. [Extracted from the article]

To access new markets and efficiently satisfy customer demand, many companies have decided to create collaborations with their suppliers, distributors, and even competitors. In this way, they can share the information needed to plan supply chain activities adequately while generating benefits that would not be achievable individually. In this project, we have studied the case of five sawmills that all shared the same important customer for their wood chip. That customer, a major paper mill, was facing significant difficulties and needed to benefit from more reliable, predictable and cost competitive wood flow from its suppliers. The main goal of the research was, therefore, to develop a collaboration scheme that would help these forest products companies to work together and to achieve in the long-term higher profitability. Results showed that sawmills could improve their profit by up to 44% by managing inventories for their main customer or jointly plan supply chain operations. Furthermore, based on game theory techniques such as Shapley value, we observed that greater collaboration may not be equally profitable for each supply chain member regarding their contribution. In our case study, the paper mill would need to share a portion of the benefits with its suppliers to ensure win–win collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 1970, European and Japanese dependence on Middle Eastern oil had increased tremendously both in absolute terms and as a percentage of their total energy consumption. In 1950, eighty-five percent of the energy needs of Western Europe and Japan were satisfied by indigenous coal deposits, but by 1970, ninety percent of their demands were met by crude oil imports, most of which came from the Middle East and North Africa. Even the U.S. was becoming increasingly reliant upon foreign imports. While it would remain far more energy self-sufficient then either Europe or Japan, in 1970, U.S. domestic oil production began to decline at a rate of two percent per year. This meant that the U.S. would not only become increasingly dependent upon foreign oil, but also that it would be increasingly difficult for it to supply its allies in an emergency. Finally, it is important to note that in the early 1970's, worldwide consumption of oil was increasing at a rate of seven to eight percent annually. The competitive threat posed by the industry newcomers and the increased importance of Middle Eastern oil combined to make it increasingly difficult for the oil companies to resist demands of the oil producing nations.

Over the last 25 years, Asia's economic rise has been extraordinary. Its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 5.8% to 22.9%. The first phase of high economic growth — up to 1995 — saw Asia enter the global supply chain primarily with labor-intensive/low-cost manufacturing. Domestic consumption was a fairly low share of GDP; Asia was manufacturing mainly for consumption in the US and Europe. As such, it was primarily a rule-taker. In the second phase — from 1995 to 2020 — it gradually turned into an economic force joining the US and Europe in shaping the global economy, exercising significant influence upon the value chain, the cycles of the global economy, transport and logistics, the global capital markets and consumption patterns (consumer preferences and tastes). While not yet among the leading rule-makers, it had become difficult for policymakers (public and private) to make decisions without Asia's consent. To form an opinion of today's emerging third phase — post 2020 — the intriguing question is whether the Asian countries have adopted what may be termed Anglo-American economic thinking (basically, the primacy of the market). Or whether behind the curtain, the Asian economy works in its own way diverging from the American and British economic schools. Since demographics and sheer economic scale mean that Asia will dominate the global economy in the years to come, the nature of the Asian economy will be of crucial importance for the future global economy. The conclusion of this paper is that "Asia" in many respects differs — and fundamentally so — from market economy principles. How this prospect should be interpreted is also evolving, as circumstances change. Certainly, the repercussions of COVID-19 have not been the same in the US, Europe, East Asia and South Asia — and this may suggest that socio-political structures have a stronger impact on economic outcomes than economic theory teaches, thus calling into question the global validity of market economy principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of free community newspapers in reference to marketing research. Community newspapers can satisfy the needs of both the consumer and retailer by using their papers to survey customers. Research has shown that the papers reach a wider portion of the population. Utilizing community newspaper data is seen as a low-cost way for retailers to obtain valuable marketing research. The technique illustrates another channel of communication between the consumer and retailer. It represents a cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship between the two, in an effort to solve business concerns.

In this review paper efforts are made to present the Impact of COVID-19 on various economic activities like production, consumption and distribution. This is known to everyone that COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) spreadout in December 2019 from Wuhan in China and effected a lot of countries resulting in death of many. Therefore, to minimise the risk, many countries opted lockdown as a precaution to control its spread which effected the lives of ordinary people as well as the economy as a whole, GDP, Functions of Economy and a lot of activities were effected very badly. It had a huge impact on the consumption pattern of population as well as supply chains and production of various goods and services were also impacted as transportation was at halt and movement of people, products, services etc. was not possible from one place to another. There was a heavy down in employment, production, distribution and other activities as well. Hence, this paper will help the readers know the collective impact along with the sector wise effect of COVID-19 on various economic activities. For better understanding we have taken three major economic activities that is Production, Consumption and distribution. Along with these the basic introduction of COVID-19, lockdown and its impact on economy is stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a cutting head optimization method based on meshing the spatial position of the picks. According to the expanded shape of the spatial mesh composed of four adjacent picks on the plane, a standard mesh shape analysis method can be established with mesh skewness, mesh symmetry, and mesh area ratio as the indicators. The traversal algorithm is used to calculate the theoretical meshing rate, pick rotation coefficient, and the variation of cutting load for the longitudinal cutting head with 2, 3, and 4 helices. The results show that the 3-helix longitudinal cutting head has better performance. By using the traversal result with maximum theoretical meshing rate as the design parameter, the longitudinal cutting head CH51 with 51 picks was designed and analyzed. The prediction model of pick consumption is established based on cutting speed, direct rock cutting volume of each pick, pick rotation coefficient, uniaxial compressive strength, and CERCHAR abrasivity index. And the rock with normal distribution characteristics of Uniaxial Compressive Strength is used for the specific energy calculating. The artificial rock wall cutting test results show that the reduction in height loss suppresses the increase in pick equivalent loss caused by the increase in mass loss, and the pick consumption in this test is only 0.037–0.054 picks/m3. In addition, the correlation between the actual pick consumption and the prediction model, and the correlation between the actual cutting specific energy and the theoretical calculation value are also analyzed. The research results show that the pick arrangement design method based on meshing pick tip spatial position can effectively reduce pick consumption and improve the rock cutting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global energy crisis and environmental pollution intensifying, tissue papermaking enterprises urgently need to save energy. The energy consumption model is essential for the energy saving of tissue paper machines. The energy consumption of tissue paper machine is very complicated, and the workload and difficulty of using the mechanism model to establish the energy consumption model of tissue paper machine are very large. Therefore, this article aims to build an empirical energy consumption model for tissue paper machines. The energy consumption of this model includes electricity consumption and steam consumption. Since the process parameters have a great influence on the energy consumption of the tissue paper machines, this study uses three methods: linear regression, artificial neural network and extreme gradient boosting tree to establish the relationship between process parameters and power consumption, and process parameters and steam consumption. Then, the best power consumption model and the best steam consumption model are selected from the models established by linear regression, artificial neural network and the extreme gradient boosting tree. Further, they are combined into the energy consumption model of the tissue paper machine. Finally, the models established by the three methods are evaluated. The experimental results show that using the empirical model for tissue paper machine energy consumption modeling is feasible. The result also indicates that the power consumption model and steam consumption model established by the extreme gradient boosting tree are better than the models established by linear regression and artificial neural network. The experimental results show that the power consumption model and steam consumption model established by the extreme gradient boosting tree are better than the models established by linear regression and artificial neural network. The mean absolute percentage error of the electricity consumption model and the steam consumption model built by the extreme gradient boosting tree is approximately 2.72 and 1.87, respectively. The root mean square errors of these two models are about 4.74 and 0.03, respectively. The result also indicates that using the empirical model for tissue paper machine energy consumption modeling is feasible, and the extreme gradient boosting tree is an efficient method for modeling energy consumption of tissue paper machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This summary provides an overview of a special issue of Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal that explores new consumption and marketing models in a post-pandemic context and their impact on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first paper discusses the barriers and drivers of circular supply chain management (CSCM) adoption in the UK food industry. The second paper explores how skill development programs can empower rural women in India. The third paper examines the concept of "retail wellness oasis" in health food stores. The special issue aims to contribute to the understanding of business and consumption models in the post-pandemic context and their impact on achieving the SDGs. [Extracted from the article]

This work investigates bioethanol production from wastepaper via acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, intending to attain the highest possible yield, including an evaluation of energy consumption of the production processes and costs involved. A mathematical model was designed using MATLAB software, in which pre-calculated chronological stages have been specified with the parameters that significantly affect the bioethanol yield, including type and number of consumables, reaction temperature and residence time. The independent variables have been decided based on recommended values found in the literature and are provided as suggestions. A user is also given the choice to input the values manually. Mass and energy balance are carried out for each process stage of bioethanol production to calculate the energy consumption of the chemical reactions. The model also calculates the bioethanol yield per 100 g of lignocellulosic biomass and the related costs. A comparison between enzymatic and acid hydrolysis bioethanol is presented by a line chart on the software interface, helping the understanding of the effects of the independent variable parameters. As a result, the optimal conditions to produce the highest bioethanol yield and therefore increase the efficiency of a process are obtained. The model is expected to aid in reducing laboratory-based experiments, saving time, human errors, costly microorganisms, and other consumables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic caused large changes in consumer spending, including how people make their payments. For employed consumers, the pandemic also changed workplace behaviour, with about one-third of workers continuing to work from home every day as of September 2020. Using data from a nationally representative survey of US consumers collected before and during the pandemic, this paper analyses changes in workplace and payment behaviour during the pandemic. The study finds that, compared with their payment behaviour in 2019, consumers had shifted some of their purchases from in person to online by the autumn of 2020, significantly reduced their use of cash for purchases, and shifted their person-toperson (P2P) payments away from paper-based instruments (ie cash and cheques). These changes are consistent with what we might expect, as many people were less able or willing to shop in person. The adoption of electronic P2P payments increased, especially the use of payment apps such as PayPal, Venmo and Zelle. In comparison with consumers who worked at least partly in person, consumers who worked exclusively from home during the pandemic made a significantly higher proportion of their payments online or through mobile devices, and were less likely to use cash at all, even after controlling for income and education levels. In contrast, payment behaviour changes that took place from 2018 to 2019 were smaller in magnitude and largely insignificant, suggesting that COVID-19 likely accelerated any longerterm trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste delivered to the Marszów Plant was tested in order to research the effect of seasonal fluctuations on the quantity and composition of generated municipal waste and on the quantity and composition of selectively collected waste. Waste samples were collected once a month from November 2019 to October 2020. The results of the analysis showed that the quantity and composition of municipal waste generated during a week are different in terms of the subsequent months of the year. The quantity of generated municipal waste per capita per week ranges from 5.75 to 7.41 kg (cap·wk)−1, on average 6.68 kg (cap·wk)−1. The maximum values of the weekly indicators for generating the main material components of waste per capita were higher than the minimum by several up to more than 10 times (textiles). The total quantity of selectively collected paper, glass and plastics increased significantly during the conducted research at a rate of approx. 5% per month. The level of recovery concerning this waste over the period between November 2019 and February 2020 averaged at 29.1%, and between April and October 2020 it was nearly 10% higher (39.0%). The material composition of selectively collected waste in subsequent measurement series often differed. It is difficult to link the observed changes concerning the quantity and composition of the analysed waste streams with the seasons of the year, although weather conditions undoubtedly impact the consumption and functioning models of people, thus impacting the size of waste streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What kind of impact does the government's housing support expenditure have on residents' consumption? This is a topic that deserves in-depth study and is of practical significance. This study constructs provincial equilibrium panel data based on China's guaranteed housing construction and financial expenditures on housing support data from 1999–2009 and 2000–2021. It applies the systematic GMM method to estimate the impact of government housing support expenditures on residents' consumption. The study found that whatever form of expenditure on housing support contributed to the total consumption of urban residents, while the impact on the consumption structure had different results. Based on the divisions of consumption structure, the results of the increase in government housing support expenditure on the consumption structure of urban residents are different. An examination of different forms of housing support reveals that the predominantly secure form of housing construction has a positive effect on all consumption structure divisions. Whereas the predominantly monetary subsidy form has a significant positive relationship with housing, necessity, and durability consumption expenditures, it has a weak or even negative relationship with non-housing, non-necessity, and non-durability consumption expenditures. The research in this paper makes up for the lack of current literature examining the economic effects of housing support from the perspective of consumption structure and provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for constructing a multi-level gradient housing support system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]