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Highlights • The modification of the composite resin using pure and Ag decorated TiO 2 can decrease S. mutans biofilm formation over the composite resin surface. • The properties of the modified composite resin did not change after the modification with TiO 2 /Ag (PREC POL). • The TiO 2 /Ag nanospheres obtained by polymeric precursor synthesis seems to be the best nanomaterial. Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a composite resin modified by TiO 2 and TiO 2 /Ag nanoparticles and their influence over different properties. Methods TiO 2 and TiO 2 /Ag NPs were synthesized by polymeric precursor and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods and then, characterized by different techniques. Direct contact test was performed using Filtek™ Z350XT blended with 0.5; 1 and 2% (wt.) of NPs against Streptococcus mutans to determine the best concentration to the other tests. After that, the modified composite resin was tested against S. mutans 7-day biofilm (CFU/mL). Also, compressive and diametral tensile strength (n = 40), degree of conversion (n = 25) and surface roughness (n = 50) was performed. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparison at 5% significance level. Results The direct contact test demonstrates that by increasing the nanoparticle content, the bacterial growth is significantly reduceed (p < 0.05). The inclusion of 2% of TiO 2 /Ag NPs significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the biofilm accumulation of S. mutans on the composite resin surface compared to the control Group. The TiO 2 NPs treated with an organosilane increased compressive strength of composite resin (p < 0.05). Degree of conversion remained unchanged (p > 0.05) and the surface roughness increased with the NPs (p < 0.05), except for the TiO 2 by polymeric precursor Group (p > 0.05). Significance The development of an antibacterial dental restorative material that hinder S. mutans biofilm without sacrificing the mechanical and physical properties is desirable in dental material science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]