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Countries in Eastern-Europe have similar characteristics due to their common historical and economic backgrounds. A large part of the housing stock has been built during the Soviet era, applying uniform solutions and similar standards, but similarities extend to other periods as well. On the other hand, the differences should also be noted – although the climate is mainly continental, there are significant variations between South and North and between mountainous and flat areas. In this paper, a detailed comparative analysis is presented for Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary and the Czech Republic. The results are based on the residential building typologies developed within the TABULA/EPISCOPE project co-funded by the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme. Typical building types will be presented, covering building structures and systems. Important energy performance indicators are identified and compared, supported by available statistical data about the housing stock. The added value of the paper consists of the analysis of heterogeneous data sources and collecting and comparing the information of the housing stock under a common comparison framework of building typology data between countries, and the contribution in the harmonization of the building typology approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a methodology developed for determining the solar energy potential of large scale urban areas based on building typology. As a result of the method, the solar yield at the roof can be determined, taking into account shading obstructions and assembly distances. In the model the utilized as well as the collected energy is calculated, taking into account the energy losses by unused energy, energy delivery and energy storage. A main pillar of the method is the building typology that classifies buildings according to roof characteristics and other geometric factors influencing the domestic hot water demand. For each building type the following outputs are calculated: the solar yield, the maximum potential energy that can be produced by roof-integrated photovoltaic panels, the maximum potential energy that can be covered by solar thermal collectors and the realistic energy produced by solar thermal collectors taking into account economical considerations. Based on the model, urban-level solar potential estimations can be carried out with the use of digital cartography at low costs. Such an estimation is presented in a case study for Debrecen, Hungary, but the model can be adapted to any settlement with different building types or climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We set up a methodology for adaptation and mitigation strategies of cities. [•] The methodology is based on a generalized residential building typology. [•] Assessing the mitigation potential by refurbishment according to regulations. [•] Estimating the vulnerability to wind storms of residential buildings. [•] A case study is implemented in Hungary. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]