1. Effect of alkali and alkali earth metals on reactions of stable free radicals during biomass pyrolysis: An in-situ EPR study.
- Author
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Ma, Liqun, Syed-Hassan, Syed Shatir A., Zhou, Junbo, Deng, Wei, Xiong, Yimin, Wang, Xuepeng, Hu, Xun, Xu, Jun, Jiang, Long, Su, Sheng, Hu, Song, Wang, Yi, and Xiang, Jun
- Subjects
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FREE radical reactions , *ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy , *ALKALI metals , *ALKALINE earth metals , *ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance , *PYROLYSIS - Abstract
Stable free radicals are the long-lived macromolecule radicals formed in pyrolysis, and their reactions play an essential role in biochar formation. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass might be involved in the radical reactions during pyrolysis. Figuring out the effect of AAEMs on the reactions of stable free radicals can further understand the radical reaction mechanism and the formation of biochar in pyrolysis. In this paper, the in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to detect the stable free radicals in cocoanut pyrolysis, and the effect of AAEMs was analysed by the comparative experiments. The results indicate that the stable free radicals in nascent chars, which are generated from the thermal decomposition of biomass, could react and couple with each other. The AAEMs in biomass improve the activity of stable free radicals and promote the radical-radical coupling during high-temperature pyrolysis above 400 °C, which inhibits the condensation of aromatic structure and generates more weak bonds in hot nascent char. After stopping the heating, the weak bonds will be broken by cooling stress, thus inducing radical reactions and further changing the char structure. • In-situ EPR detection was used to study stable radicals during biomass pyrolysis. • Effect of alkali and alkali earth metals on stable radical reactions was analysed. • Nascent char formed in pyrolysis has secondary reaction after volatiles releasing. • Alkali and alkali earth metals promote coupling of stable radicals during pyrolysis. • Unstable structures formed by stable radicals coupling can be broken during cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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