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1. Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Author

Nicolas Sauvion, Jean Peccoud, Christine Meynard, David Ouvrard, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This data paper was conceived within the stimulating framework of the KIM RIVE (Key Initiative Montpellier: Infectious Risks and Vectors, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/key-initiatives-muse/rive), supported by MUSE (Montpellier University of Excellence, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/en/muse-i-site) and the RIVOC key challenge (https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/2021/04/19/appel-a-projets-rivoc), supported by the Occitanie Region (France). Part of this work benefitted from a postdoctoral grant to NS funded by an INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species Complexes).. Field and molecular work for this study were supported by several projects during 15 years:- ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by 'Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation', France, SEE-ERANET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EUFramework Programme for Research and Development (ERA-CT-2004-515805), SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH, Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation., European Project, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes)2005-07: ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by le Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation-France, 2007-08: SEE-ERA.NET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EU Frame-work Programme for Research and Development (contract number ERACT- 2004-515805)2009-11: SDIPS 'Mechanisms of Speciation & Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes' founded by INRA-France, 2010-12: SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, 2010-12: PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH⁄2009⁄01, 2010-12: Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', 2011-13: PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), and 2015-2018: E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation.

Subjects
Asia, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cacopsylla pruni, QH301-705.5, Biodiversity & Conservation, Cacopsylla, Evolutionary biology, Horticulture, European stone fruit yellows, vector-borne plant pathogen, Hemiptera, Data analysis & Modelling, Sternorrhyncha, Systematics, Agricultural ecology, Ecology & Environmental sciences, Animalia, phytoplasma, Biology (General), 'Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', Data Paper (Biosciences), Diseases & Pests, Biota, Psylloidea, psyllid, Europe, ' Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Psyllidae, Biogeography, Zoology & Animal Biology, Africa, species distribution, epidemiology, vecto, Americas, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Cacopsylla pruniisa psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic, and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries. Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species, which can be differentiated bymolecular markers. A literature review on the distribution of C. pruni was published in 2012, but it only provided presence or absence information at the country level and without distinction between the two cryptic species. Since 2012, numerous new records of the vector in several European countries have been published. We ourselves have acquired a large amountof data from sampling in France and other European countries. We have also carried out a thorough systematic literature review to find additional records, including all the original sources mentioningC. pruni (or its synonyms) since the first description by Scopoli in 1763. Our aim was to create an exhaustive georeferenced occurrence catalog, in particular in countries that are occasionnaly mentioned in the literature with little detail. Finally, for countries that seem suitable for the proliferation of C. pruni (USA, Canada, Japan, China, etc.), we digged deeper into the literature and reliablesources (e.g. checklist)to better subtanciateits current absence from those regions. Information on the distribution ranges of these vector psyllids is of crucial interest in order to best predict the vulnerability of stone fruit producing countries to the ESFY threat in the foreseeable future. We give free access to a unique file of 1975 records of all occurrence data in our possession concerning C. pruni, which we have gathered through more than twenty years of sampling efforts in Europe or through intensive text mining. We have made every effort to retrieve the source information for the records extracted from litterature (1201 records). Thus, we always give the title of the original reference, together with the page(s) citing C. pruni and, if possible, the year of sampling. To makethe results of this survey publicly available, we give a URL to access the literature sources. In most cases, this link allows to freely download a PDFfile. We also give access to information extracted from GBIF (162 exploitable data points on 245 occurrences found in the database), which we thoroughly checked and often supplemented to make the information more easily exploitable. We give access to our own unpublished georeferenced and genotyped record from 612samples taken over the last 20 years in several European countries (Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, etc.). Theseinclude two countries (Portugal and North Macedonia) for which the presence of C. pruni had notbeen reported before.Asour specimens have been genotyped (74 sites with species A solely, 202 with species B solely, and 310 with species A+B), our new data enable a better view of the geographical distribution of the two species at the Palaearctic scale.

Published
2021

2. Forest production efficiency increases with growth temperature

Author

Alessandro Cescatti, Alessio Collalti, Andreas Ibrom, Giorgio Matteucci, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Ramdane Alkama, Daniel S. Goll, Julia Pongratz, Philippe Ciais, Anders Stockmarr, Vanessa Haverd, Stephen Sitch, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Iain Colin Prentice, Pierre Friedlingstein, Almut Arneth, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FOE-2019 College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, CNR: DTA.AD003.474, We thank R.H. Waring, S. Vicca, M. Campioli, F. Pagani and E. Grieco for early constructive comments and thoughtful suggestions, S. Noce for the map of data points. We thank efforts from all site investigators and their funding agencies. This paper contributes to the AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts and the Imperial College initiative Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment. A.C. and G.M. are partially supported by resources available from the Ministry of University and Research (FOE-2019), under the project 'Climate Change' (CNR DTA.AD003.474), M.F.-M. is a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO), AXA Research Fund, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, adaptation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Forest production efficiency, ddc:550, SDG 13 - Climate Action, gpp, lcsh:Science, Plant ecology, chemistry.chemical_classification, forest productivity, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Climate-change ecology, Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Engineering sciences. Technology, primary production, biomass production efficienty, Science, carbon use efficiency, chemistry.chemical_element, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Latitude, Organic matter, Ecosystem, Precipitation, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Computer. Automation, npp, Primary production, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Earth sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Forest ecology, Carbon, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Forest production efficiency (FPE) metric describes how efficiently the assimilated carbon is partitioned into plants organs (biomass production, BP) or—more generally—for the production of organic matter (net primary production, NPP). We present a global analysis of the relationship of FPE to stand-age and climate, based on a large compilation of data on gross primary production and either BP or NPP. FPE is important for both forest production and atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake. We find that FPE increases with absolute latitude, precipitation and (all else equal) with temperature. Earlier findings—FPE declining with age—are also supported by this analysis. However, the temperature effect is opposite to what would be expected based on the short-term physiological response of respiration rates to temperature, implying a top-down regulation of carbon loss, perhaps reflecting the higher carbon costs of nutrient acquisition in colder climates. Current ecosystem models do not reproduce this phenomenon. They consistently predict lower FPE in warmer climates, and are therefore likely to overestimate carbon losses in a warming climate., Many models assume a universal carbon use efficiency across forest biomes, in contrast to assumptions of other process-based models. Here the authors analyse forest production efficiency across a wide range of climates to show a positive relationship with annual temperature and precipitation, indicating that ecosystem models are overestimating forest carbon losses under warming.

Published
2020