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1. Ethanolamine deaminase, a cobamide coenzyme-dependent enzyme. II. Physical and chemical properties and interaction with cobamides and ethanolamine.

Author

Kaplan BH and Stadtman ER

Subjects
Acetaldehyde, Amino Acids analysis, Carbon Isotopes, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Chromatography, Paper, Cyanides, Cysteine analysis, Detergents, Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, Disc, Guanidines, Molecular Weight, Nitrobenzenes, Paper, Protein Binding, Spectrum Analysis, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Ultracentrifugation, Ultraviolet Rays, Urea, Amino Alcohols, Aminohydrolases analysis, Aminohydrolases antagonists & inhibitors, Coenzymes, Vitamin B 12
Published
1968

3. Organosolv ethanolamine pulping of olive wood: Influence of the process variables on the strength properties

Author

Jiménez, L., Rodríguez, A., Serrano, L., and Moral, A.

Subjects
*ETHANOLAMINES, *BIOCHEMICAL engineering, *BIOCHEMISTRY, *AMINO alcohols
Abstract

Abstract: This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the pulping of olive wood trimmings [viz. cooking temperature (165–195°C) and time (30–90min), ethanolamine concentration (5–15%), soda concentration (2.5–7.5%) and liquid/solid ratio (4–6)], on the yield and kappa number of the pulps and breaking length, burst index and tear index of the resulting paper sheets. By using a central composite factorial design, equations that relate each dependent variable to the different independent variables were obtained that reproduced the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 15%. These equations could be used to find the suitable operations conditions, so that operating with not too high values of operating variables (with the consequent minor costs of capital and of operation) pulps could be obtained by acceptable strength properties. Optimizing pulp yield, the kappa number and the strength properties of the resulting paper sheets entails using rather different conditions in each case. Obtaining acceptably strong paper sheets while saving on immobilized capital through the use of smaller facilities and less chemical reagents entails using a medium soda concentration and low values of all other independent variables. In this way, the yield is 22.2% lower, the kappa number 42.5% higher, and the breaking length, burst index and tear index 6.2, 29.1 and 29.6%, respectively, lower than their optimum values; in any case, the strength properties increase although the pulp was suitably refining. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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4. Peptidoglutaminase. Enzymes for selective deamidation of γ-amide of peptide-bound glutamine

Author

Mamoru Kikuchi, Hiroshi Hayashida, Kenji Sakaguchi, and Eiichi Nakano

Subjects
Electrophoresis, Paper, Chemical Phenomena, Glutamine, Phenylalanine, Glycine, Bacillus, Peptide, Hydroxamic Acids, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glutaminase, Amide, Escherichia coli, Methods, Amino Acids, Deamidation, Soil Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Carbon Isotopes, Caseins, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Amides, Amino Alcohols, Chemistry, Enzyme, chemistry, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Hydroxyapatites, Asparagine, Peptides, Peptide Hydrolases
Published
1971

5. Separation of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine by reversed phase paper chromatography

Author

Karl-Anders Karlsson

Subjects
Paper, Multidisciplinary, Chromatography, Sphingosine, Chromatography, Paper, Beef brain, Reversed-phase chromatography, Sphingolipid, Amino Alcohols, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paper chromatography, Rare Diseases, chemistry, Dinitrophenyl, Phospholipids
Abstract

THE isolation of dihydrosphingosine from cerebrosides of beef brain and spinal cord by Carter et al. 1 raised questions regarding its distribution in different sphingolipids and its metabolic relationships to sphingosine. However, no method for the routine differentiation of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine appeared until very recently with the gas chromatographic method of Sweeley and Moscatelli2. Wittenberg3 separated the N-succinyl derivatives of sphingosine and related compounds by reversed phase chromatography on diatomaceous earth treated with dichlorodimethylsilane, but he was unable to separate sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine. This communication describes a reversed-phase paper chromatographic method for the separation of the dinitrophenyl derivatives of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine.

Published
1960

6. Structural investigations on the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate region of lipopolysaccharides

Author

Otto Westphal, Wulf Dröge, Otto Lüderitz, and Volker Lehmann

Subjects
Boron Compounds, Electrophoresis, Lipopolysaccharides, Paper, Chromatography, Gas, Glycoside Hydrolases, Biochemistry, Phosphates, Lipid A, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glycolipid, Phosphorylethanolamine, Cell Wall, Salmonella, Glycoside hydrolase, Trisaccharide, chemistry.chemical_classification, Periodic Acid, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Periodic acid, Periodate, Heptoses, Amino Alcohols, Semicarbazides, carbohydrates (lipids), chemistry, Barbiturates, Mutation, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Acid hydrolysis, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

Mild acid hydrolysis of the glycolipid derived from a Salmonella Rd2 mutant led to the liberation of three major split products which, after separation by electrophoresis, were identified as free 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), KDO-7-phosphorylethanolamine, and l-glycero-α-d-mannoheptosyl-1,5-KDO. By the use of various methods of KDO determinations, and by periodate oxidation performed on the glycolipid, results were obtained which indicate that the bridge between the polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharides and lipid A is formed by a branched KDO trisaccharide whose KDO side chain is randomly substituted by phosphorylethanolamine according to the formula —Hep-1,5-KDO-KDO-lipid A | KDO-(phosphorylethanolamine) Analogous results were obtained with P-lipopolysaccharides of other Salmonella mutants.

Published
1970

7. Ethanolamine deaminase, a cobamide coenzyme-dependent enzyme. II. Physical and chemical properties and interaction with cobamides and ethanolamine

Author

B H, Kaplan and E R, Stadtman

Subjects
Electrophoresis, Paper, Carbon Isotopes, Cyanides, Chemical Phenomena, Chromatography, Paper, Ultraviolet Rays, Spectrum Analysis, Detergents, Coenzymes, Acetaldehyde, Electrophoresis, Disc, Amino Alcohols, Guanidines, Molecular Weight, Chemistry, Vitamin B 12, Aminohydrolases, Urea, Cysteine, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Amino Acids, Ultracentrifugation, Nitrobenzenes, Protein Binding
Published
1968

8. The mechanism of action and some properties of serine ethanolamine phosphate synthetase

Author

A.K. Allen and H. Rosenberg

Subjects
Electrophoresis, Paper, Reaction mechanism, Stereochemistry, Chromatography, Paper, Cleavage (embryo), Models, Biological, Feedback, Phosphates, Serine, Ligases, Intestinal mucosa, Microsomes, medicine, Animals, Intestinal Mucosa, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ions, Phosphorus Isotopes, General Medicine, Amino Alcohols, carbohydrates (lipids), Models, Structural, Kinetics, Enzyme, chemistry, Mechanism of action, Product inhibition, Microsome, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), medicine.symptom, Chickens
Abstract

1. 1. Serine ethanolamine phosphate is synthesised in the microsomes of the chicken intestinal mucosa according to the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + l -serine → CMP + l -serine ethanolamine phosphate 2. 2. In the intact microsomes CDP-ethanolamine participates in two other concomitant reactions: phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis and CDP-ethanolamine cleavage. Differential denaturation studies have now shown these three activities to be due to distinct enzymes. 3. 3. Serine ethanolamine phosphate synthetase is absolutely specific for serine, and both stereoisomers are active. 4. 4. In the microsomal system CDP-choline and CDP-serine could not replace CDP-ethanolamine as substrates for serine ethanolamine phosphate synthetase. On the other hand, its phosphonic analogue (CMP-aminoethylphosphonate) and CDP-2-amino-2-methylpropanol were used as substrates and formed the corresponding phosphodiesters with serine. The phosphonic analogue was also an effective substrate for phospholipid biosynthesis. 5. 5. Bivalent cations are essential for activity. Mg 2+ are most effective, Mn 2+ and Co 2+ are less so. Ca 2+ are inhibitory. 6. 6. Kinetic studies of product inhibition show that the reaction mechanism is ordered, CDP-ethanolamine being the first reactant. The apparent K m values for the substrates CDP-ethanolamine and l -serine have been calculated to be 0.085 and 1 mM, respectively. 7. 7. A mechanistic model for the reaction is suggested on the basis of these findings.

Published
1968