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Purpose - Up to now most of the research into flash flood disaster has examined scientific aspects of this natural phenomenon. This paper aims to focus on the flash flood disaster scenario of Uttarakhand, a newly created Himalayan State in India, on the basis of their severity and mechanism so that management efforts can be mounted by the disaster managers. Design/methodology/approach - Besides compiling the hazard- and risk-related work done by the various research institutions and universities the paper attempts to understand the mechanism responsible for this natural hazard. Findings - Uttrakhand is a state highly prone to disasters. Flash floods are disasters that are seasonal in nature and strike during a certain period of the year in certain pockets of the state with high frequency. Research limitations/implications - The analysis is based on observations made in the entire state. Practical implications - Awareness amongst the masses regarding the flash flood disaster that is likely to affect them and their life support strategy is a must for bringing forth voluntary adoption of the safety norms. Originality/value - Armed with the information about the hazards and their spatial distribution, the disaster managers in Uttarakhand may undertake certain preventive and mitigative measures for further strengthening and streamlining the Disaster Management System in the state and pave the way for similar activities in other states of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Glaucoma is most common cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Hence, awareness about the disease, importance of drugs effect and its side-effects and accurate method of eye drop instillation is very crucial. Aim: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) at the medication, doctor and patient level in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire based study conducted at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, for duration of two years from July 2020 to June 2022. It included 290 patients diagnosed with glaucoma. They were asked to demonstrate method of instillation of eye drop to assess correct method and to cover a few aspects of questionnaire regarding medication instillation. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. The p-value was determined for questions in the questionnaire using Chi-square test. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. results: About 88 (30.34%) patients were educated about the nature and progression of glaucoma. Punctal occlusion was explained to 40 (13.79%) patients and assisted instillation to 25 (8.62%) patients. Approximately 62 (70.45%) patients were educated about their disease. About 244 (84.14%) patients noticed that their ophthalmologist clinic had a television in Outpatient Department (OPD). Family screening was advised in only 67 (23.1%) of the patients. Only 53 (18.28%) patients were emphasised on strict control of associated systemic illness. conclusion: Proper patient education about glaucoma and treatment by healthcare provider plays a crucial role. Most of the patients were not educated about method of instillation of drops. Correct instillation of drops was crucial to achieve target Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP), minimising side-effects and reducing the cost of treatment. Family screening and control of associated systemic conditions were often missed by majority of ophthalmologists however, it is important to keep in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]