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The high input feeding system is efficient in goats but not popular in Pakistan due to low feed conversion ratio, buck like aroma and high cost. Castration is commonly practiced mitigating the undesirable buck-like aroma. However, it results in deterioration of carcass quality. The use of growth ear implants in some parts of world are common with added benefit of being non-steroidal but function like steroids. There is scanty information available on the use of growth implants along castration especially in Pakistan. The objective of the current study was to find the effect of growth implants on the meat quality of castrated goats at various age under a high input feeding system. A total of 36 kids of Beetal goat (18 animals with 12.36±2 kg BW and ~3-month age and 18 bucks with 19.52±2 kg BW and 6 months age) were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups. A total of 12 animals remained intact, while 24 animals (12 each) were castrated at the age of 90 and 180 days respectively. These groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups (4 animals each) as control, implanted with (12 mg zeranol and 12 mg trenbolone acetate) allotted to treatments using two factors factorial (3×3) with three levels of castration and growth implants each under CRD, fattened for last 70 days of trial. At the end of the trial, 18 animals (2 from each run) were selected randomly and slaughtered to judge meat quality. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly (P<0.01) affected by zeranol implantation and castration at 180 and 90 days respectively. A significant difference (P<0.01) was also observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in castrated and entire animals implanted with zeranol. Back fat thickness and yield grade reduced significantly (P<0.01) in zeranol-implanted animals. The eye muscle area of animals treated with zeranol and castrated at 180 days was significantly higher (P<0.01) than other groups. It is concluded that meat overall acceptance, color, and texture also differ significantly (P<0.01) by growth implants coupled with castration and reduced buck-like aroma of meat. Growth implants also improved the lean muscle percentage as compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of implanting heavy wether lambs with 12 mg of zeranol (1 pellet Ralgro, Merck Animal Health. Madison, NJ, USA) 59 d before harvest. Average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and carcass merit were evaluated. Polypay and crossbred wethers (n = 32) were equally divided into two treatment groups: non-implanted; (CON) or implanted with 12 mg of zeranol (IMP) in a randomized complete block design. Sixteen pens were used, resulting in eight replicate pens per treatment. Wethers were fed a finishing diet consisting of cracked corn, soybean meal, and soybean hulls ad libitum for 59 d. Lambs had access to clean water at all times from water fountains. Lambs were weighed on d -1, 1, 14, and 59. On d 59, 16 lambs (8 lambs/treatment) were harvested in the South Dakota State University Meat Lab. Hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP), rib fat, body wall thickness, loin eye area, boneless closely trimmed retail cut percentages, and yield grades were recorded. Final body weight (BW), cumulative ADG, and gain efficiency were greater (p ≤ 0.01) for implanted lambs by 2.9%, 25.0%, and 35.2%, respectively, while dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by implant treatment (p = 0.18); thus, the efficiency of dietary net energy utilization was increased for IMP (p ≤ 0.01). No appreciable differences were noted (p ≥ 0.17) between treatments for any carcass traits measured. These results indicate that zeranol improves growth performance in heavy finishing lambs without detriment to carcass quality, which implies that producers can improve profitability due to increased gains and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic growth stimulants are widely used to get high productivity of animals. These preparations can accumulate in the meat and their residual quantities will adversely affect the health of consumers. The purpose of the work was to monitor the content of zeranol, growth stimulant of ruminants in beef which goes to meat processing enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine and to determine the effect of heat treatment on its quantity. It was found out that 29.8% of beef samples taken at meat processing enterprises contained a stimulant for the growth of ruminant zeranol. It was found that during the storage of beef samples frozen at a temperature of -18 °C with different content of zeranol there is a decrease in its number. The most intense process of destruction of zeranol occurred during the first month of storage, during this period of time the amount of zeranol is reduced by an average of 20%, regardless of the initial content. Within two months of storage of frozen beef, the content of zeranol decreases by 28.2 ±0.17%, and at the end of the sixth month its quantity decreases to 33.2 ±0.58%. It was also found that the dynamics of zeranol reducing in beef samples with large quantities (22.5 μg.kg-1) and small (2.3 μg.kg-1) were the same. It was set up that during 30 min of meat cooking there was a decrease in the content of zeranol 24.7 ±0.23% and 32.0 ±0.35% for 60 min, compared to its content in fresh meat. At the same time, when stored in the frozen state and subsequent cooking, the reduction of zeranol content in meat was 39.3 ±0.3%. Therefore, it is proposed to revise and amendments into the regulatory documents of Ukraine regarding the control and supervision of the presence of hormone (zeranol) residues in meat and meat products in order to prevent their sale and consumption by humans.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects zeranol implant on meat quality of Awassi lambs and cross-bred Khalkhali and Abadeh goat kids. Ten ram lambs (33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 4-month-old) and ten male goat kids (18.8 ± 0.7 kg and 4-month-old) were randomly assigned into two treatments (5 each treatment); C (control, 0 mg zeranol) and Z (24 mg zeranol implant) for each species. After 43 days experimental period. The animals were slaughtered, left for 24 hr post-mortem period and Biceps femoris muscle of each species were separated for measuring the proximal composition, TBARS values, cooking loss, drip loss and free fatty acids concentrations. Zeranol implants had significant (P<0.05) effect on dry matter, but did not have any effect on all other meat characteristics. However, dry mater was significantly higher for zeranol-implanted group as compared with control one. Moreover, significant effect of animal species was found for cooking loss, being highest in goat meat than ram lamb meat. Similarly, significant effect of animal species was noticed on TBARS values being highest in ram lamb meat. An obvious increase (P<0.005) in drip loss and TBARS values were observed for meat of both zeranol-implanted and non-implanted groups with storage period. It can be concluded that zeranol implant did not have any effect on meat quality for both ram lambs and male goat kids’ meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeranol is one of non-steroidal hormonal growth promoters (HGP) that is still permitted to be used in some countries such as Australia, the United States, and others to increase weight gain. However, this non-steroidal HGP is not permitted in Indonesia. The use of zeranol to increase the growth of livestock can cause the occurrence of residue in livestock tissues and organs, having a great dangerous potential for human health. This study aimed to investigate the presence of zeranol residues in 105 samples of bovine meat collected from Jakarta, Surabaya, and Malang cities and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were added with the deproteinizing extractant of 0.2% metaphosphoric acid and acetonitrile (6:4, v/v), and purified using SAX SPE cartridge. Zeranol was then analyzed by HPLC using Shimp-pack VP-ODS (4.6x250 mm) column with a mixture of acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase and detected on photo diode array detector at 262 nm. The recoveries of the method of 3 different concentrations (2, 5, and 10 ng/g) of zeranol were 73.96% to 103.48%. The detection limit and quantification limits were 0.54 ng/g and 1.80 ng/g, respectively. Zeranol residues were detected in 12 (11.43%) out of 105 samples at the concentration of 1.67 to 33.29 ng/g and 7 among them exceeding 2.0 ng/g. The results obtained in this study indicated that zeranol was still being used to increase cattle-meat production. Therefore, strict control must be implemented at all stages, from production to consumption, regarding the application of this HGP in livestock.

Zeranol is one of non-steroidal hormonal growth promoters (HGP) that is still permitted to be used in some countries such as Australia, the United States, and others to increase weight gain. However, this non-steroidal HGP is not permitted in Indonesia. The use of zeranol to increase the growth of livestock can cause the occurrence of residue in livestock tissues and organs, having a great dangerous potential for human health. This study aimed to investigate the presence of zeranol residues in 105 samples of bovine meat collected from Jakarta, Surabaya, and Malang cities and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were added with the deproteinizing extractant of 0.2% metaphosphoric acid and acetonitrile (6:4, v/v), and purified using SAX SPE cartridge. Zeranol was then analyzed by HPLC using Shimp-pack VP-ODS (4.6x250 mm) column with a mixture of acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase and detected on photo diode ar- ray detector at 262 nm. The recoveries of the method of 3 different concentrations (2, 5, and 10 ng/g) of zeranol were 73.96% to 103.48%. The detection limit and quantification limits were 0.54 ng/g and 1.80 ng/g, respectively. Zeranol residues were detected in 12 (11.43%) out of 105 samples at the concentration of 1.67 to 33.29 ng/g and 7 among them exceeding 2.0 ng/g. The results obtained in this study indicated that zeranol was still being used to increase cattle-meat production. Therefore, strict control must be implemented at all stages, from production to consumption, regarding the application of this HGP in livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current experiment was designed to investigate the effect of zeranol implantation on lambs and goats’ kids raised under commercial conditions. Ten male Awassi lambs (AL) (4-5 months old) with an average body weight of 33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 10 male black goat kids (GK) (3-4 months old) with an average body weight of 18.8 ± 0.7 kg were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in Berebuhar village close to Duhok city in May the 15th, 2019The animals from each group were randomly divided into two subgroups, the first group was the control group and the other group was implanted with 24 mg zeranol. The animals were grown for 43 days and then slaughtered. Growth rate, average daily gain and carcass characteristics were measured. Data were analysed as factorial 2 × 2. The results showed that implantation both animal groups with zeranol significantly reduced testicular weight by approximately 55 % and 71 % for goat kids and Awassi lambs respectively. Moreover, the results showed that zeranol implantation found to reduce total body fat from 892 to 816g in goat kids and from 3395 to 2856 g in Awassi lambs. It can be concluded that zeranol implantation has an effect on total body fat and fat tissue distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the levels of zeranol residue in the meat, liver and kidney samples of cattle slaughtered in slaughterhouses in Kayseri by Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. For this purpose, three different first class slaughterhouses where cattle were slaughtered in Kayseri province were visited three times in October-December 2018 at 1-month periodic intervals. At each visit, 20 liver, 20 kidney and 20 meat samples belonging to the animals randomly selected from each slaughterhouse were taken and a total of 180 sample materials were used. In this study, zeranol residues were detected in 23 kidney (38.3%), 20 liver (33.3%) and 17 (28.3%) meat samples from the analyzed bovine tissue samples. The residual amount in beef kidney, liver and meat samples were detected between 50.23 - 1120.61 ppt, 38.94-1057.96 ppt and 32.29 - 1195.8 ppt, respectively. The zeranol residue in the analyzed samples was below the legal limit specified in Kodeks Alimentarius. In conclusion, although the amount of zeranol residues in the analyzed samples are low, it was concluded that consuming meat containing these residues may pose a risk to public healththerefore, this chemical should be monitored periodically as a food safety measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic growth stimulants are widely used to get high productivity of animals. These preparations can accumulate in the meat and their residual quantities will adversely affect the health of consumers. The purpose of the work was to monitor the content of zeranol, growth stimulant of ruminants in beef which goes to meat processing enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine and to determine the effect of heat treatment on its quantity. It was found out that 29.8% of beef samples taken at meat processing enterprises contained a stimulant for the growth of ruminant zeranol. It was found that during the storage of beef samples frozen at a temperature of -18 °C with different content of zeranol there is a decrease in its number. The most intense process of destruction of zeranol occurred during the first month of storage, during this period of time the amount of zeranol is reduced by an average of 20%, regardless of the initial content. Within two months of storage of frozen beef, the content of zeranol decreases by 28.2 ±0.17%, and at the end of the sixth month its quantity decreases to 33.2 ±0.58%. It was also found that the dynamics of zeranol reducing in beef samples with large quantities (22.5 µg.kg-1) and small (2.3 µg.kg-1) were the same. It was set up that during 30 min of meat cooking there was a decrease in the content of zeranol 24.7 ±0.23% and 32.0 ±0.35% for 60 min, compared to its content in fresh meat. At the same time, when stored in the frozen state and subsequent cooking, the reduction of zeranol content in meat was 39.3 ±0.3%. Therefore, it is proposed to revise and amendments into the regulatory documents of Ukraine regarding the control and supervision of the presence of hormone (zeranol) residues in meat and meat products in order to prevent their sale and consumption by humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La utilización de anabólicos durante la etapa de recría en temeros Holando Argentino machos es motivo del presente trabajo. Para determinar los posibles beneficios de esta práctica llevada a cabo por productores tamberos sobre el desarrollo de los animales, se utilizaron 60 temeros machos castrados, los cuales fueron divididos en tres grupos: Grupo Control, que no recibió ningún tratamiento, Grupo Proferm, tratado con una dosis de 36 mg de Proferm y el Grupo FEV, con 5 ml de F.E.V. al comienzo de la recría. La ganancia de peso promedio total obtenida a los 200 días fue utilizada para evaluar el desarrollo de los animales. Se determinó que los animales tratados con Proferm obtuvieron una ganancia de peso adicional a los 200 días pos-tratamiento

Para determinar si los implantes neonatales (IN) de zeranol producen alteracioneste sticulares al igual que las hormonas estrogénicas se utilizaron 20 terneros machos Aberdeen Angus divididos en dos grupos de igual número. El Grupo Implantado (GI) recibió un IN de 24 mg de zeranol mientras que el Grupo Testigo (GT) no recibió ningún tratamiento. Los animales fueron pesados al nacimiento y a los 8 meses de edad, momento en que fueron castrados. Se comparó la ganancia de peso corporal entre el GI y el GT y se estimó la diferencia del desarrollo testicular entre ambos grupos a través del peso de los testículos. Se encontró una disminución del desarrollo testicular (p0,001) y un aumento de la ganancia de peso corporal (p0,10) en el GI respecto al GT. Se concluye que el IN de zeranol produce sobre los testículos y la ganancia de peso corporal un efecto similar a la aplicaciónn eonatald e las hormonal gonadalese strogénicas

Contamination of the world’s food supply and animal feed with mycotoxins is a growing concern as global temperatures rise and promote the growth of fungus. Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi, is a common contaminant of cereal grains and has also been detected at lower levels in meat, milk, and spices. ZEN’s synthetic derivative, zeranol, is used as a growth promoter in United States (US) and Canadian beef production. Experimental research suggests that ZEN and zeranol disrupt the endocrine and reproductive systems, leading to infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome-like phenotypes, pregnancy loss, and low birth weight. With widespread human dietary exposure and growing experimental evidence of endocrine-disrupting properties, a comprehensive review of the impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites on the female reproductive system is warranted. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological literature and evaluate the potential impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites (commonly referred to as mycoestrogens) on female reproductive outcomes. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42020166469) of the literature (2000–2020) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data sources were primary literature published in English obtained from searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The ToxR tool was applied to assess risk of bias. In vitro and in vivo studies (n = 104) were identified and, overall, evidence consistently supported adverse effects of mycoestrogens on physiological processes, organs, and tissues associated with female reproduction. In non-pregnant animals, mycoestrogens alter follicular profiles in the ovary, disrupt estrus cycling, and increase myometrium thickness. Furthermore, during pregnancy, mycoestrogen exposure contributes to placental hemorrhage, stillbirth, and impaired fetal growth. No epidemiological studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified.

Zeranol is one of non-steroidal hormonal growth promoters (HGP) that is still permitted to be used in some countries such as Australia, the United States, and others to increase weight gain. However, this non-steroidal HGP is not permitted in Indonesia. The use of zeranol to increase the growth of livestock can cause the occurrence of residue in livestock tissues and organs, having a great dangerous potential for human health. This study aimed to investigate the presence of zeranol residues in 105 samples of bovine meat collected from Jakarta, Surabaya, and Malang cities and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were added with the deproteinizing extractant of 0.2% metaphosphoric acid and acetonitrile (6:4, v/v), and purified using SAX SPE cartridge. Zeranol was then analyzed by HPLC using Shimp-pack VP-ODS (4.6x250 mm) column with a mixture of acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase and detected on photo diode array detector at 262 nm. The recoveries of the method of 3 different concentrations (2, 5, and 10 ng/g) of zeranol were 73.96% to 103.48%. The detection limit and quantification limits were 0.54 ng/g and 1.80 ng/g, respectively. Zeranol residues were detected in 12 (11.43%) out of 105 samples at the concentration of 1.67 to 33.29 ng/g and 7 among them exceeding 2.0 ng/g. The results obtained in this study indicated that zeranol was still being used to increase cattle-meat production. Therefore, strict control must be implemented at all stages, from production to consumption, regarding the application of this HGP in livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeranol is one of the synthetic growth hormone produced from mycotoxin that could affect humanhealth. The objective of this study was to determine zeranol residue in beef meat imported from Australiaand New Zealand using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that zeranolresidue was detected in 5 of 59 meat samples (8,5 %) of Australia and 1 of 59 meat samples (1,7 %) of NewZealand, with mean concentration of 0,644±0,157 ppb and 0.680±0.00 ppb, respectively. There were nosignificant differences in the concentration of zeranol residue between the meat from both countries(p>0,005). In addition the concentration of zeranol residue was below the National Standardization Agencyof Indonesia Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) which is 2 ppb.

El noreste argentino es, por sus características geográficas y ambientales, una región con fuerte potencial para la actividad ganadera. Los rodeos vacunos de esta zona tienen como base alimenticia pastizales y pasturas mejoradas, las que suelen suplementarse con granos, fuentes proteicas y reservas en forma de rollos o silaje. Estos alimentos son sustratos ricos para que especies de hongos produzcan micotoxinas como zearalenona (ZEA). El consumo de ZEA por los animales hace que se excreten diferentes metabolitos en orina entre los que se encuentra el zeranol. Por su parte, la presencia de zeranol en orina es utilizada como indicador del uso indebido de promotores de crecimiento que se hallan prohibidos en el país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los metabolitos relacionados con la ZEA excretados en la orina de novillos según los siguientes tratamientos: alimentación con un concentrado de ZEA, exposición a la aplicación de zeranol inyectable y acción simultánea de alimentación con un concentrado de ZEA más exposición a la aplicación de zeranol inyectable. Se presentan los perfiles de metabolitos excretados en orina y su evolución en el tiempo.

To investigate the influence of zeranol administration by implantation and castration on fatty acids composition, 20 weaned kids (3-4 month old) with an average live weight of 17.3±0.23 kg were divided randomly into two equal main groups, the first was left intact as a control and the 2nd group was castrated. Each main group was then blocked randomly into two sub groups, the 1st was left as control and the 2nd implanted with Ralgro (12mg zeranol). Kids were fed a concentrate adlib and slaughtered after 70 days of fattening. After chilling for 24 hours, a homogenous samples of meat from L.dorsi muscle was blended for analysis of fatty acid composition. Results revealed that mono unsaturated fatty acid have the highest contribution towards fatty acid of goat meat, followed by saturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids. Among individual fatty acids C18:1 contributed highest followed by C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3 Neither implanting kids with zeranol nor castration alter significantly the fatty acid profile or PUSF to SFA ratio or the proportion of C18+C18:1/C16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a broad class of exogenous substances that cause adverse effects in the endocrine system mainly by interacting with nuclear hormone receptors (NRs). Humans are generally exposed to low doses of pollutants, and current researches aim at deciphering the mechanisms accounting for the health impact of EDCs at environmental concentrations. Our correlative analysis of structural, interaction and cell-based data has revealed a variety of, sometimes unexpected, binding modes, reflecting a wide range of EDC affinities and specificities. Here, we present a few representative examples to illustrate various means by which EDCs achieve high-affinity binding to NRs. These examples include the binding of the mycoestrogen α-zearalanol to estrogen receptors, the covalent interaction of organotins with the retinoid X- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and the cooperative binding of two chemicals to the pregnane X receptor. We also discuss some hypotheses that could further explain low-concentration effects of EDCs with weaker affinity towards NRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted biomonitoring studies quantifying the concentration of zeranols in biological matrices have focused on liquid chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The MS platform for measurement, quadrupole, time-of-flight (ToF), ion trap, etc., is often chosen based on either sensitivity or selectivity. An instrument performance comparison of the benefits and limitations using matrix-matched standards containing 6 zeranols on 4 MS instruments, 2 low-resolution (linear ion traps), and 2 high-resolution (Orbitrap and ToF) was undertaken to identify the best measurement platform for multiple biomonitoring projects characterizing the endocrine disruptive properties of zeranols. Analytical figures of merit were calculated for each analyte to compare instrument performance across platforms. The calibration curves had correlation coefficients r = 0.989 ± 0.012 for all analytes and LODs and LOQs were ranked for sensitivity: Orbitrap > LTQ > LTQXL > G1 (V mode) > G1 (W mode). The Orbitrap had the smallest measured variation (lowest %CV), while the G1 had the highest. Instrumental selectivity was calculated using full width at half maximum (FWHM) and as expected, the low-resolution instruments had the broadest spectrometric peaks, concealing coeluting peaks under the same mass window as the analyte. Multiple peaks from concomitant ions, unresolved at low resolution (within a unit mass window), were present but did not match the exact mass predicted for the analyte. For example, the high-resolution platforms were able to differentiate between a concomitant peak at 319.1915 from the analyte at 319.1551, included in low-resolution quantitative analyses demonstrating the need to consider coeluting interfering ions in biomonitoring studies. Finally, a validated method using the Orbitrap was applied to human urine samples from a pilot cohort study., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to observe the influence of phytoestrogenɑZearalanol on ovariectomy-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in rats. Materials and Methods: 40 SD female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham group, OVX group (ovariectomized and fed estrogen), ɑ-Zearalanol group (ovariectomized and fed ɑ-Zearalanol) and untreated group (ovariectomized). Three weeks later after surgery, α-Zearalanol and estradiol valerate were administered by oral gavage for 12 weeks to the α-Zearalanol group and the OVX group, respectively. In contrast, the sham and untreated controls were treated with distilled water in a daily basis. After the treatments, uterus histomorphometry, bone mechanical strength, bone histomorphometry, bone mineral density (BMD) of femur, and serum biochemical indicators, such as serum E2, CT and PTH, as well as the levels of TNF and IL-1 were examined. Results: The BMD was overall declined rigorously in the OVX rats, and that could be mitigated through feeding on either estrogen or ɑ-Zearalanol. Estrogen or ɑ-Zearalanol was found to decrease the levels of serum ALP and BGP in OVX rats, while, ɑ-Zearalanol was found to increase the levels of serum E2 and CT, the thickness of the endometrium, and decrease the levels of PTH, TNF and IL-1 in serum in OVX rats. Feeding the OVX rats on ɑ-Zearalanol improved the bone histomorphometric parameters impaired due to estrogen deficiency and enhanced the bone mechanical properties in the ovariectomized rats. Conclusion: ɑ-Zearalanol treated rats reduced the resorption of bone, and showed a preventive and therapeutic effect of ɑ-Zearalanol on postmenopausal osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O experimento foi conduzido para se avaliar o desempenho de cabritos tratados com leite de cabra integral ou colostro de vaca fermentado com ou sem óleo de soja, e com aplicação ou não do promotor de crescimento Zeranol. Vinte e quatro cabritos da raça Alpina foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2. Cada animal recebeu, pela manhã, 1 L da dieta líquida e 250 g/animal/dia de concentrado. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso dos animais, os consumos de concentrado e de matéria seca, a conversão alimentar e o tamanho dos órgãos. Houve diferenças entre as dietas líquidas, com ou sem a aplicação de Zeranol, para ganho de peso aos 29, 36, e 50 dias de idade, mas não para o ganho médio diário. A não aplicação de Zeranol nos tratamentos com leite de cabra e colostro fermentado com óleo de soja proporcionou diferença média de 8% no ganho de peso dos animais alimentados com leite de cabra. Não se observou diferença nos consumos de concentrado e de matéria seca e na conversão alimentar dos animais entre as diferentes dietas líquidas avaliadas. Não houve influência do Zeranol ou do óleo de soja nas dietas líquidas sobre nenhum dos órgãos estudadosThe objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding whole goat milk or fermented cow colostrum supplemented or not with soy oil and with or without the growth promoter Zeranol on performance of kid goats. Twenty-four Alpine kid goats assigned to a completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement were used in this trial. The following variables were investigated: weight gain, intakes of dry matter and concentrate, feed conversion, and organ sizes. Significant differences were observed among liquid diets with or without Zeranol for weight gain at 29, 36, and 50 days old, but not for the average daily gain. No significant differences for intake of both dry matter and concentrate as well as for feed conversion were detected among liquid diets. Supplementation of the liquid diets with soy oil and injection of Zeranol did not change the organ sizes.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de 40 bezerros F1 Holandês x Gir com peso médio de 36 kg, provenientes de rebanhos leiteiros alimentados com leite integral ou colostro fermentado, associado ou não com óleo de soja, com ou sem promotor de crescimento (Zeranol). Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, a circunferência torácica, altura de cernelha dos animais, o consumo de leite ou de colostro fermentado e o consumo de ração concentrada, entre o 15º e 60º dia de idade. A utilização de Zeranol não promoveu diferença no consumo de ração concentrada quando se utilizou leite integral. Os animais que receberam colostro fermentado mais promotor de crescimento apresentaram consumo de ração concentrada 44,23% maior que aqueles sem promotor de crescimento e 132% superior ao dos animais alimentados com leite integral e Zeranol. Para ganho de peso, não houve efeito entre as associações de óleo de soja e Zeranol. Os bezerros do tratamento com leite e Zeranol apresentaram maior altura de cernelha (-85,70 cm). A utilização de óleo de soja ou de Zeranol não influenciou a circunferência torácica (média de 88,19 cm). Os bezerros submetidos aos dois tipos de dieta líquida apresentaram taxa de crescimento constante e semelhante, demonstrando que o colostro fermentado é capaz de promover ganhos de peso da mesma magnitude que o leite integral.The objective of this trial was to study the effects of replacing milk with whole milk or fermented colostrum, supplemented or not with soy oil and with or without growth promoter (Zeranol) on performance of 40 F1 Holstein x Gir calves averaging 36 kg. Weight gain, thoracic circumference, withers height and milk or fermented colostrums intake, and concentrated ration intake were the variables investigated from age 15 to 60 days. No significant difference on feed intake was observed when whole milk and Zeranol were fed. Feed intake of animals fed fermented colostrum with Zeranol increased by 44.23% than those without Zeranol and by 132% than those fed whole milk with Zeranol. No effects of feeding soy oil with Zeranol on gain weight was detected. Calves fed milk and Zeranol had greater withers height (85.70 cm). Supplementation of the liquid diet with soy oil and with Zeranol did not change thoracic circumference (average of 88.19 cm). Calves fed both liquid diet showed constant and similar growth rate. Fermented colostrum-based diet can promote the same weight gain as whole milk-based diet.

Avaliaram-se o rendimento de carcaça e o desenvolvimento dos órgãos e vísceras de 40 bezerros mestiços F1 Holandês x Gir alimentados com diferentes dietas líquidas, à base de leite integral ou colostro fermentado, associados ou não com óleo de soja (45 mL), com ou sem a aplicação do promotor de crescimento Zeranol. Cada animal recebeu dieta composta por ração concentrada (23% de proteína bruta), feno de capim-tifton à vontade e três litros de leite ou colostro fermentado por dia. Os animais foram abatidos com peso médio de 57,38 kg e aproximadamente 60 dias de idade. Não houve efeito das dietas fornecidas aos animais sobre o peso dos órgãos e dos componentes não-integrantes da carcaça. Entretanto, os bezerros tratados com leite e Zeranol apresentaram maiores pesos de carne industrial. A área de olho de lombo dos bezerros não foi influenciada pela associação dos diferentes tipos de dietas com o Zeranol, apresentando um valor médio de 15,27 cm². O colostro fermentado sem a adição de Zeranol e apresentou pesos, para rúmen-retículo, intestino delgado e mesentério, de 954, 2.076 e 619 g, respectivamente. A presença do óleo de soja na dieta líquida elevou a porcentagem de gordura interna dos bezerros. A utilização do Zeranol acarretou comprimento de carcaça 5% superior nos animais tratados com leite e 5,5% inferior nos animais tratados com colostro, enquanto o uso do colostro fermentado sem Zeranol resultou em carcaças 5% mais pesadas que o de leite integral sem Zeranol. Desempenho (peso de carcaça quente e fria) semelhante aos dos animais tratados com leite e promotor de crescimento foi obtido com o tratamento Zeranol + colostro fermentado. Animais tratados com leite apresentaram maiores proporções de osso e de gordura na carcaça.Carcass yield and growth of organs and innards of 40 crossbreed F1 Holstein X Gir calves fed different liquid diets (whole milk or fermented colostrum-based diets), supplemented or not with soy oil (45 mL) and with or without growth promoter Zeranol were evaluated. The animals were daily fed a diet with concentrate (23% crude protein), Tifton hay ad libitum and 3 L of milk or fermented colostrum. The animals were slaughtered at average weight of 57.38 kg and 60 days old. No effect of feeding different liquid diets on the organs weight and non integrate carcass components was detected. However, calves fed milk and Zeranol showed heavier industrial meat weight. No effect of feeding liquid diets with Zeranol on Longissimus dorsi area was observed, with an average value of 15.27 cm². Animals fed fermented colostrum without Zeranol exhibited respective weights of rumen-reticulum, small intestine and mesentery of 954, 2,076 and 619 g. Calves fed diet supplemented with with soy oil had higher percentage of internal fat. Carcass length increased by 5.0% in animals fed milk with Zeranol and decreased by 5.5% in animals fed colostrum with Zeranol. Animals fed fermented colostrum without Zeranol showed carcass 5.0% heavier than those fed whole milk without Zeranol. Performance (hot and cold carcass weight) of animals fed whole milk with Zeranol was similar to those fed fermented colostrum with Zeranol. Animals fed milk showed greater bone and fat proportions in the carcass.

Utilizaram-se 40 bezerros Holandês × Zebu com objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade econômica da utilização do colostro fermentado, do óleo de soja e do zeranol em bezerros entre o 15º e o 60º dia de vida. Diariamente, foram fornecidos 1,5kg de concentrado contendo 23% de proteína bruta, feno de tifton (Cynodon dactylon) à vontade e três litros de leite ou colostro fermentado. Considerando as despesas de criação e as receitas geradas, verificou-se menor custo dos animais tratados com colostro fermentado. Esse resultado, associado ao bom desempenho obtido, demonstrou que o colostro fermentado é eficiente como substituto do leite para bezerros em fase de aleitamento, gerando maior lucratividade.

Utilizaram-se 40 bezerros Holandês × Zebu distribuídos em oito tratamentos (T): leite integral (1); leite integral com óleo de soja (2); leite integral e zeranol (3); leite integral com óleo de soja e zeranol (4); colostro fermentado (5); colostro fermentado com óleo de soja (6); colostro fermentado e zeranol (7); e colostro fermentado com óleo de soja e zeranol (8) com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo de alimentos, o crescimento e a conversão alimentar de animais entre o 15º e o 60º dia de vida. Diariamente, foram fornecidos 1,5kg de concentrado contendo 23% de proteína bruta, feno de tifton (Cynodon dactylon) à vontade e três litros de leite ou colostro fermentado. O colostro fermentado proporcionou melhores resultados de peso corporal e ganho de peso quando comparado ao leite integral, mas semelhantes aos resultados com zeranol. Também promoveu maior ingestão de matéria seca em relação ao leite integral, o que resultou em desempenhos semelhantes para esses dois tipos de alimento. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos quanto aos componentes não-integrantes da carcaça. O tratamento com leite e zeranol resultou em maior peso de carne industrial e o com óleo de soja aumentou a proporção de gordura interna. O colostro fermentado é uma boa opção para a recria de machos leiteiros e o efeito do zeranol sobre o ganho de peso é dependente da dieta dos animais.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de bezerros em fase de aleitamento submetidos a dietas líquidas à base de leite integral ou colostro fermentado, com ou sem adição óleo de soja, e aplicação ou não de zeranol, como promotor de crescimento. O desenvolvimento dos bezerros foi avaliado entre o 15º e 60º dia de vida e as variáveis estudadas foram: peso corporal (PC), altura de cernelha (AC) e circunferência torácica (CT) aos 60 dias de idade; consumo de alimentos sólidos (CAS); e ganho de peso (GP), incremento de cernelha (IC) e incremento torácico (IT) durante o período experimental. Foram empregados 40 bezerros mestiços holandês x zebu utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2³. O fornecimento de colostro fermentado proporcionou melhores resultados para as variáveis PC e GP, quando comparado ao leite integral, sendo contudo semelhantes àqueles sob a aplicação de zeranol. Não se observaram efeitos significativos para nenhum dos fatores estudados sobre o CAS. A adição de óleo de soja aos alimentos líquidos proporcionou melhores CT e IT. Observou-se interação entre os fatores óleo e zeranol sobre a variável IC, em que a aplicação de zeranol propiciou melhor desenvolvimento aos animais recebendo dietas líquidas adicionadas de óleo de soja.

Se determinó el efecto del implante zeranol sobre la eficiencia de crecimiento de borregos Pelibuey. Se utilizaron 14 borregos machos sin castrar (22.4±0.4 kg y 159±2 días de edad) en un diseño experimental de dos factores con medidas repetidas en un factor. El estudio duró 112 días. Los borregos se pastorearon en zacate Estrella de África Cynodon plectostachyus y recibieron un concentrado (3.0 Mcal de EM kg-1 y 14.5% de PC) en forma individual y controlada, el cual se ofreció en función del peso vivo de los animales, de tal modo que éste aportara el 60% de los requerimientos energéticos estimados para que éstos lograran una ganancia de 200 g d-1. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza. Ninguna de las variables examinadas fue afectada por el implante zeranol (α>0.01). Las medias fueron: peso inicial 23.6±0.4 kg; peso final 37.8±0.6 kg; ganancia de peso 145±5 g d-1; consumo del suplemento 763±8 g d-1 El implante de zeranol no tuvo efecto positivo sobre la eficiencia de crecimiento en ovinos en finalización.

A rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of α-trenbolone, β-trenbolone, α-nortestosterone, β-nortestosterone, zeranol, and taleranol in bovine liver. The impact of liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether and optimized solid phase extraction on silica cartridges significantly reduced effort and time of sample preparation. Electrospray ionization gives a significant signal increase compared with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization. The HPLC gradient was optimized to separate isobaric analytes and matrix constituents from the hormone molecules. The optimized time and temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated trenbolone was 4 h at 52 °C. The method validated in the range of 0.5-30 μg kg for α-trenbolone, β-trenbolone, zeranol, taleranol, and 2-30 μg kg for α-nortestosterone, β-nortestosterone. Combined uncertainty of measurements was in the range of 4 %-23 %. The matrix effect was negligible (1 %-5 %) for all analytes except of α-nortestosterone (19 %). The developed method with changes concerning sample size and hydrolysis was also applied for the analysis of meat, serum, and urine samples. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Com a finalidade de se avaliar o efeito de esteróides anabolizantes sobre a qualidade do sêmen de touros, foram testados 3 tratamentos em 9 touros adultos (idades de 3 a 5 anos). Os grupos I e II receberam implantes subcutâneos na base da orelha, sendo implantados no grupo I, 36mg de zeranol e no grupo II 24mg de dietiletilbestrol (DES), enquanto o grupo III permaneceu como testemunha. Foram realizadas 31 coletas de sêmen semanais, tendo sido a primeira, uma semana antes do implante. Não se verificaram alterações em nenhuma das características do sêmen devido aos tratamentos. Os três grupos tiveram ganhos de peso similares. Conclui-se que, nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, não houve efeito dos anabolizantes na qualidade do sêmen. Caso tenham ocorrido alterações genitais mais discretas, essas foram subclínicas ou não foram detectadas devido ao número de unidades experimentais por tratamento.In order to evaluate the effect of anabolic steroids on the semen quality of bulls, 3 treatments were tested in 9 adult bulls (3 to 5 years old). Groups I and II received subcutaneous implants in the base of the ear while group III remained as control. bulls from group I were treated with 36mg of Zeranol and group II 24mg of diethylethylbestrol (DES). A total of 31 weekly semen collections were performed, being the first, one week before the implant. No changes on semen characteristics were observed due to treatments. The 3 groups had similar weight gain. It was concluded that, in the conditions of mis experiment, there was no effect of the anabolic products on semen quality. In case that some mild genital changes had ocurred, they were subclinical or were not detected due to the number of experimental units per treatment.

 Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la estrategia de implantación con zeranol sobre las características químicas y fisicoquímicas de la carne, se utilizaron 32 corderos de pelo machos Dorper x Pelibuey que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de cuatro tratamientos (n = 8) durante su alimentación en confinamiento: C, grupo control sin implante; Z12, implantados con 12 mg de zeranol; Z24, implantados con 24 mg de zeranol; y RZ12, implantados en dos ocasiones con 12 mg de zeranol. Una vez sacrificados los animales, se diseccionaron los músculos Longissimus dorsi (LD) y Bíceps femoris (BF) para evaluar la composición proximal, pH, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), color, resistencia al corte (RC), colágeno total (CT), insoluble (CINS), y los porcentajes de solubilidad (PSOL) e insolubilidad (PINS). La implantación disminuyó (P < 0,05) el contenido de grasa en ambos músculos, y esta disminución fue mayor en el BF al incrementar la dosis de zeranol y al reimplantar. La CRA del LD fue afectada por los tratamientos siendo mayor en los implantados (P < 0,05). La RC del LD cambió (P < 0,05) por la implantación, siendo de 7,53 kgF en el control y de 5,13 kgF en los implantados (P < 0,01). El contenido de colágeno y sus componentes, se vieron mayormente afectados (P < 0,05) en el BF. El CT aumentó con la implantación, mientras que la reimplantación incrementó el PINS. El aumento en la dosis y la reimplantación de corderos, no afecta negativamente las características fisicoquímicas, y a pesar de que puede darse una reducción del contenido de grasa y un incremento del colágeno, la terneza de la carne no se ve afectada. Lo anterior, sugiere el uso de estos promotores del crecimiento en la producción ovina, sin detrimento de la calidad de la carne.