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So-called spatial web queries retrieve web content representing points of interest, such that the points of interest have descriptions that are relevant to query keywords and are located close to a query location. Two broad categories of such queries exist. The first encompasses queries that retrieve single spatial web objects that each satisfy the query arguments. Most proposals belong to this category. The second category, to which this paper's proposal belongs, encompasses queries that support exploratory user behavior and retrieve sets of objects that represent regions of space that may be of interest to the user. Specifically, the paper proposes a new type of query, the top-k spatial textual cluster retrieval ( $k$ -STC) query that returns the top-k clusters that (i) are located close to a query location, (ii) contain objects that are relevant with regard to given query keywords, and (iii) have an object density that exceeds a given threshold. To compute this query, we propose a DBSCAN-based approach and an OPTICS-based approach that rely on on-line density-based clustering and that exploit early stop conditions. Empirical studies on real data sets offer evidence that the paper's proposals can find good quality clusters and are capable of excellent performance.

We build an empirical framework using search queries and organic click data which provides model-based guidance to SEO practitioners for keyword selection and web content creation. Specifically, we study how search characteristics (search query popularity, search query competition, search query specificity, and search intent) and website characteristics (content relevance and online authority) interact to affect the expected organic clicks as well as the organic rank a website receives from the search engine result page (SERP). It is often thought that content relevance is a key factor to improve the effectiveness of SEO. We find, however, that content relevance is an important factor in driving organic clicks only when the consumer is farther along in the customer journey and searching for ways to purchase a product. Whereas, when the customer is at the awareness stage and looking for product information, online authority is the key driver of organic clicks.

Governmental establishments are maintaining historical data for job applicants for future analysis of predication, improvement of benefits, profits, and development of organizations and institutions. In e-government, a decision can be made about job seekers after mining in their information that will lead to a beneficial insight. This paper proposes the development and implementation of an applicant's appropriate job prediction system to suit his or her skills using web content classification algorithms (Logit Boost, j48, PART, Hoeffding Tree, Naive Bayes). Furthermore, the results of the classification algorithms are compared based on data sets called "job classification data" sets. Experimental results indicated that the algorithm j48 had the highest precision (94.80%) compared to other algorithms for the aforementioned dataset.

The study illustrates a university research project of “Digital Documentation’s Ontology”, to be activated with other universities, of an Platform (P) – Building Information Modeling (BIM) articulated on a Contaminated Hybrid Representation (diversification of graphic models); the latter, able to foresee categories of Multi-Representations that interact with each other for to favour several representations, adapted to a different information density in the digital multi-scale production, is intended as platform (grid of data and information at different scales, semantic structure from web content, data and information storage database, archive, model and form of knowledge and ontological representation shared) of: inclusive digital ecosystem development; digital regenerative synergies of representation with adaptable and resilient content in hybrid or semi-hybrid Cloud environments; phenomenological reading of the changing complexity of environmental reality; hub solution of knowledge and simulcast description of information of Cultural Heritage (CH); multimedia itineraries to enhance participatory and attractive processes for the community; factor of cohesion and sociality, an engine of local development. The methodology of P-BIM/CHR is articulated on the following ontologies: Interpretative and Codification, Morphology, Lexicon, Syntax, Metamorphosis, Metadata in the participatory system, Regeneration, Interaction and Sharing. From the point of view the results and conclusion the study allowed to highlight: a) Digital Regenerative synergies of representation; b) Smart CH Model for an interconnection of systems and services within a complex set of relationships.

The topicality of the study is caused to the contradiction that arises due to the separation of new types of information activities in the digital environment against the background of the uncertainty of the specialties that correspond to them and for which the training of higher education. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the correlation between the qualification requirements for representatives of modern “digital” professions in the field of information and communication activities, namely, managers of web content and web community and the profile of educational standards for training on specialty 029 “Information, library and archival affairs “. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the compliance of professional tasks of specialists in web content management and web community to the competence parameters of educational standards of specialty 029 “Information, library and archival affairs”, the feasibility of developing educational programs for modern “digital” professions in within the specialty 029 “Information, library and archival affairs”. Conclusions. Digitization of all spheres of public life leads to the emergence and formalization of new types of professional activities, including professions of web content managers and web community, for which the labor market-defined design of competencies can be provided through the training on the specialty 029 “Information, library and archival case”. The requirements for such specialists have information and communication, information and management, and social and communicative content and do not need special professional education in the field of computer science. The normative content of education and competence, approved by the standards of higher education in the specialty 029 “Information, Library and Archival Affairs” (bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees), indicates their compliance with defined in the draft of the professional standard “Information Resource Specialist” objects of activity, labor functions and labor actions of representatives of modern “digital” professions – web content manager and web community manager.

Предметом дослідження в статті є існуючі методи генерації відображення контенту веб-сторінок для користувачів веб-ресурсів. Мета роботи – аналіз переваг та недоліків основних підходів у створенні візуального веб-контенту для користувача, їхнє порівняння. Висновки: в сучасних системах веб-сайтів головним засобом спілкування з користувачем є інтерфейс, який має бути гнучким і зручним, а отже динамічно змінюватися відповідно до дій користувача. При цьому рівень обчислювальних потужностей сучасних пристроїв, що використовуються для доступу до веб-сайтів, є достатньо високим для швидкого та зручного відображення контенту, а динамічні сторінки адаптованими до різних цільових пристроїв. Таким чином забезпечується комфортний перегляд контенту та в той же час економне використання серверних ресурсів.

The purpose of the article is to outline the basic concepts in the field of web content management and identify the main components of functional activities in this area. The research methodology is based on a set of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, review-analytical, as well as generalization and abstraction, which allowed to identify and generalize the main features, objectives, and concepts that define web content management as a modern multifunctional area of activity. The scientific novelty of the study is to outline the features, objectives, and basic concepts of the modern field of the functional direction of information management ‒ web content management, which has become relevant inconnection with the digital transformation of all spheres of public life. Conclusions. The main concepts of web content management as a strategy for the formation of digital information and communication environment are digital transformations of all spheres of public life as a factor in the development of activities in the web environment, development of information and communication infrastructure, web resources as a set of integrated technical, software-hardware, as well as content intended for publication in the webspace, special professional education in the field of web content management. The process approach to management theory into web content management, application of project management concepts, and comprehensive considerationof the commonality of the life cycle of the site and the life cycle of web content allow the effective creation and operation of a web resource.Key words: digitization, management, web content, web content management.

U ovom radu su predstavljen proces izrade animacije za učitavanje e-sadržaja. Analizirani su sastavni elementi kako različite vrste, vizualni elementi, dinamičnost animacija za učitavanje utiču na posmatrače i njihovu percepciju. Ove animacije imaju veliki značaj za obezbeđivanje prijatnijeg korišćenja internet sadržaja koji zahtevaju duže vreme učitavanja.

Focusing on the expression, conception, creative means and presentation characteristics of scientific articles, this paper carries out the exploration and research on the development trends of scientific articles driven by technology. (1) The expression of scientific articles: Towards atomization. With the development of reading style, discipline development, academic communications and emerging technology, the phenomenon of fragmentation in the process of scientific research and publishing has become increasingly prominent, which forces the author’s writing style and article form to change. The future article is likely to be atomized articles with propositions and insights, which can be ideas, data and observations, or opinions. The content tends to be short and concise; in reading, it is more in line with the needs of human fragmented knowledge acquisition, but also conducive to machine identification, discovery, sharing and replication; and more diversified in presentation. (2) The conception of scientific articles: Providing better insights. AI constantly adapts to the more and more complex environment, improves the generalization ability of AI, and efficiently obtains hidden causality from structured data, which is not affected by physiological and psychological state, provides reliable and error-free analysis ability, and innovates the analysis method and efficiency of data. At the same time, AI has more powerful storage capacity and faster computing power, runs stably, helps researchers to improve the processing and analysis of data, provides researchers with more profound insights and support, and at the same time makes opinions more predictable and standardized, and enhances human decision-making ability. (3) The creation of scientific articles: The coexistence of UGC/PGC/OGC/MGC mode. MGC creation is the direction of intellectual media, and it will also be the mainstream form of articles creation in the future. With the help of machine intelligence, researchers can produce professional content more efficiently and realize the evolution road of intelligence specialization and intelligence of all things. Of course, the development of the Internet era is not a new model rapidly replacing another model, this change is usually relatively gradual, sudden far-reaching and fundamental changes are even less, so the future scientific articles creation is still the era of the coexistence of UGC/PGC/OGC/MGC mode. (4) The presentation of scientific articles: Giving readers the greatest freedom to read. In terms of the development of the whole society, interactivity is an important direction of today’s technological development, and “Taobao waiter” is the best illustration. For interactive articles, readers can change the underlying code and generate modified charts in order to better understand, verify or reconstruct the relevant work, and give readers more freedom to read; MR/VR/AR gives readers a more three-dimensional reading experience; articles have increasingly become web content, and hyperlinks have become a new way of literature citation. We can not only link the literature, but also link the comments of the “cited” references, and judge the starting point, breadth and depth of the articles according to the authority of the linked commentators. The innovative expression of scientific articles brings changes to the form of scientific research, academic innovation and discipline ecology, which makes full communication and interaction among researchers; the deep integration of emerging technologies and scientific journals will have a great impact on the development of science.

Statistic of people with challenge in Malaysia has been gradually increased. People with challenge are those who have certain impairments such as physical, visual, hearing, learning, speech, mental and multiple challenges that may hinder their effective interaction and participation in society. This also includes the students with challenge in higher learning institution (i.e. Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia). Based on the interview, it was reported that there is lack of proper platform for students with challenge to interact and access the information particularly related to university, since their requirements on the facilities provided are different with general students. Thus, higher learning institution including Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia has come out with a policy regarding students with challenge based on five (5) principles which are inclusivity, accessibility, equity, flexibility and equivalence to bridge the gap between the students with challenge, facilities and the communities in the university. To fulfil the policy, technology should be used as a medium for students with challenge to get greater opportunity to interact and access the information. Therefore, this project aims to develop a web portal for students with challenge which focus on accessibility principle. Web Development Life Cycle (WDLC) methodology has been utilized to complete the development of web portal, which is based on the standard of Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG) 2.0. User experience testing has been carried out in terms of the functionality provided by the developed web portal to the students with challenge. It was found that the accessibility elements provided in the developed web portal are well function. Hence, this study concludes that a proper design and development of a web portal could bridge the gap between students with challenge, communities as well as facilities provided in university.

Online social media has an exponential level of communication speed in terms of message dissemination. Users can publish comments freely to various web content on a characteristic network of communicators and viewers. Many of these comments contain emotions or opinions of users, which may cause sympathy and influence others’ comments. Moreover, such comments may raise social responses, i.e. they may cause drastic fluctuations in the number of comments. In this study, using the content of textual comments, we propose two structural approaches (PDFCPL and PDFCML) to predict the future drastic fluctuation in the number of comments based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). To quantify each textual comment, we define two attributes: (1) relevance to its relevant topic based on cosine similarity and (2) importance of its content which is calculated by TF-IDF. The predictions are made by these attributes and the number of previously observed comments as well. To evaluate the performance of our approaches, we conduct comparing experiments with other methods on real data of Twitter. The results present that the proposed method PDFCPL has better performance than existing methods to predict the occurrence of drastic fluctuation in the number of comments.

Purpose This paper aims at understanding the dynamics underlying toleration as a complex social phenomenon and its pattern on Facebook during the June 30th revolution in Egypt. Thanks to the huge advances in ICT, internet-mediated research (IMR) has become one of the most prominent research methodologies in social sciences. Discussions on social network sites cannot be neglected in studying the dynamics complex and emerging social phenomena such as changes in public opinion, culture, attitudes and virtues. Design/methodology/approach To fulfill this aim, the researchers used web content analysis as a method inside IMR paradigm to analyze the discussions on Tamarrod’s Facebook page in the period from June 30th to July 5th and to examine the emerging overall pattern of toleration. Findings The results show indications that toleration is inherent in the Egyptian culture, and that the Egyptian society still keeps its reputation as a highly tolerant society, even in crises periods where tensions are witnessed everywhere. Moreover, the results also show that the web content analysis process proposed in this study is highly reliable and valid. Originality/value The importance of the study lies in introducing a computational and empirical approach to analyze web content in a semi-automated way and proving its validity and reliability to study social phenomena such as toleration.

application/pdf, 大阪府立大学工業高等専門学校 研究紀要. 2021, 54, P.5-12

Many Android apps employ WebView, a component that enables the display of web content in the apps without redirecting users to web browser apps. However, WebView might also be used for cyberattacks. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, although some countermeasures based on access control have been reported for attacks exploiting WebView, no mechanism for monitoring web access via WebView has been proposed and no analysis results focusing on web access via WebView are available. In consideration of this limitation, we propose a web access monitoring mechanism for Android WebView to analyze web access via WebView and clarify attacks exploiting WebView. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of this mechanism by modifying Chromium WebView without any modifications to the Android framework or Linux kernel. The evaluation results of the performance achieved on introducing the proposed mechanism are also presented here. Moreover, the result of threat analysis of displaying a fake virus alert while browsing websites on Android is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence has led to the development of sophisticated cutting-edge systems in natural language processing and computational linguistics domains. These systems heavily rely on high-quality dataset/corpora for the training of deep-learning algorithms to develop precise models. The preparation of a high-quality gold standard corpus for natural language processing on a large scale is a challenging task due to the need of huge computational resources, accurate language identification models, and precise content parsing tools. This task is further exacerbated in case of regional languages due to the scarcity of web content. In this article, we propose a generic framework of Corpus Analyzer - Corpulyzer - a novel framework for building low resource language corpora. Our framework consists of corpus generation and corpus analyzer module. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework by creating a high-quality large scale corpus for the Urdu language as a case study. Leveraging dataset from Common Crawl Corpus (CCC), first, we prepare a list of seed URLs by filtering the Urdu language webpages. Next, we use Corpulyzer to crawl the World-Wide-Web (WWW) over a period of four years (2016-2020). We build Urdu web corpus “UrduWeb20” that consists of 8.0 million Urdu webpages crawled from 6,590 websites. In addition, we propose Low-Resource Language (LRL) website scoring algorithm and content-size filter for language-focused crawling to achieve optimal use of computational resources. Moreover, we analyze UrduWeb20 using variety of traditional metrics such as web-traffic-rank, URL depth, duplicate documents, and vocabulary distribution along with our newly defined content-richness metrics. Furthermore, we compare different characteristics of our corpus with three datasets of CCC. In general, we observe that contrary to CCC that focuses on crawling the limited number of webpages from highly ranked Urdu websites, Corpulyzer performs an in-depth crawling of Urdu content-rich websites. Finally, we made available Corpulyzer framework for the research community for corpus building.

The properties of a web page have a strong impact on its overall loading process, including the download of its contents and their progressive rendering at the browser. As a consequence, web page content has a strong impact on the experience of web users. In this paper, we present WebCLUST, a clustering-based classification approach for web pages, which groups pages into quality-meaningful content classes impacting the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the users. Groups are defined based on standard Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) content breakdown and external subdomain connections, obtained through in-browser, application level measurements. Using a large corpus of multi-device, heterogeneous web content and QoE-relevant measurements for the top-500 most popular websites in the Internet, we show how WebCLUST can automatically identify relevant web content classes showing significantly different performance in terms of Web QoE relevant metrics, such as Speed Index. We additionally evaluate the impact of content caching and device type on the identification performance of WebCLUST, showing how content classes might look significantly different, depending on the access device type (desktop vs mobile), as well as when considering browser caching. Our findings suggest that Web QoE assessment should explicitly consider page content and subdomain embedding within the analysis, especially when it comes to recent work on Web QoE inference through machine learning models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the impact of web content on Web QoE metrics, opening the door to new Web QoE assessment strategies.

The Web has become a popular and important medium of transmitting information from one place to another place. For making information accessible to all, we need to check their accessibility and readability score. Readability is a metric to measure the success of information being successfully conveyed to a large population when people are trying to access it. This survey paper analyzes the popular readability indices used to check the readability of websites and web pages. Most of the available readability metrics consider only textual features of the web while checking the readability of websites, and a lot of factors which affect readability are not taken into account. Based on survey findings, we provide some useful suggestions, which are, if considered while developing readability formulas, the results will be more effective.

The goal of this case study is to compare websites from 9 different countries―Austria, Chile, China, Japan, Latvia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, the US and the Czech Republic―and, based on this comparison, to provide the missing linking of website elements with cultural dimensions for better cultural adaptation of web content. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were used for the selection of countries for this study. To examine the influence of culture on websites, countries with extreme values of cultural dimensions were selected. An important benefit is that this study takes into account all of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, including the latest one (indulgence vs restraint). For each country 50 websites were selected from areas that most closely reflect the culture of the country. The main focus was on the selection of an appropriate representative sample of websites for each state. A total of 450 pages was analyzed. For each website, 42 web elements determined as the most important were monitored. Moreover, the presence of various types of social networks and five general characteristics were monitored. The findings show that culture influences website design. The results of this study reveal a connection between website elements and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. For example, headlines are important for countries with a high value of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and a low value of power distance and indulgence. Newsletters are associated with a high value of indulgence and a low value of long-term orientation and search option with a high value of power distance. Overall, about 20 culturally sensitive website elements were identified. The study also provides a comprehensive overview of website characteristics for each of the selected countries. For UX designers, web localization specialists, academicians, and web developers, this study provides an original view into culturally sensitive website elements and features.

The Web is the richest information repository, but most of the information it holds is unstructured. Moreover, its power is limited by the ability of human users to navigate the various sources for the information they require. To overcome this defect, semantic web vision is anticipated to be a promising path towards transforming the present web content into a machine understandable. To support this vision, augmenting web pages with description about the content they hold is necessary to make it possible to reason about it. A major challenge is to capture knowledge and structure it in a format that can be processed automatically. Therefore, knowledge representation techniques, namely annotation and ontologies, support sharing common understanding of a domain among people and computers. A large number of tools have been developed to help web content annotations and ontology creation. This paper presents a generic review of knowledge representation techniques and tools that have been developed to support annotation as well as ontology building showing advances and ongoing research.

In the current technological and competitive world, individuals are provided with a broad range of digital as well as traditional channels. Presently, online news sites are providing high satisfaction to the readers, and this scenario has simultaneously caused a decline in the circulation of print newspapers. Given this, the present study aimed to identify the choice of consumers in online and print media regarding the format preference and also examined whether there is any difference in the demographic characteristics in the choice of consumer. This study adopted the quantitative method and primary data collection approach where paper-based survey was conducted among 102 journalists. Furthermore, this study analysed the influence of involved variables (print and online media) and also examined the relationship between format preference and demographic characteristics between the two media. This study would further shed light on the two important input classifications such as exploratory and descriptive research. The findings of the study are provided in tabular formats after carrying out the qualitative data collection such as the focus group interview and the elite and specialised interview. The hypotheses for the study were developed based on the literature review and were tested using the chi-squared test. The study’s findings showed that there is no association between personal attributes and media type. Majority of them reported that irrespective of education, gender, income, age and nationality, they prefer online media, especially the internet, as their basic resource. However, few old-age consumers prefer print media, especially newspapers. Moreover, this study concludes that there is no statistical significant association between media type preference and the reasons. This is due to the fact that, based on media type, there is a lack of difference in the reason choices provided by the consumers. This study empirically concludes that print media is significantly influenced by online media. Several features that create an impact on print media include profitability, market share, subscription, advertising revenue, demand and print revenue. Keywords: Web content, new business models, profitability, market share.

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um aplicativo para smartphone com uma ferramenta de gerenciamento de conteúdo da web para o estudo da anatomia radiográfica periapical. Atividades de Design Thinking foram realizadas para melhor compreender o problema proposto pelo grupo de pesquisa. Em seguida, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória via Google Forms com 44 estudantes de Odontologia, aplicando-se um questionário para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para ensino de Radiologia. Com o aplicativo na versão inicial, beta, foram aplicados questionários de satisfação e usabilidade com 51 alunos do curso de graduação em Odontologia, para avaliação do App. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi aplicado a esses questionários e valores acima de 0,7 foram obtidos, demonstrando sua confiabilidade. Na avaliação do aplicativo, denominado APPOLO, que significa “App of learning online”, 98,04% dos alunos afirmaram que o conteúdo disponível era certamente importante. A quantidade de imagens foi considerada entre satisfatórias e muito satisfatórias por 94,19% dos participantes e 100% deles julgaram a qualidade das imagens também satisfatória ou muito satisfatória. A maioria dos participantes (94,11%) sentiu-se motivada em complementar seu estudo com esse tipo de metodologia. Quanto a usabilidade do aplicativo, 98,04% classificaram entre fácil e muito fácil o seu manuseio, 100% o acesso aos conteúdos ofertados e 98% o acesso aos textos, seguindo essa mesma métrica. O aplicativo APPOLO demonstrou ser prático, de fácil entendimento, navegação e utilização, e revelou auxiliar no apoio ao ensino dos alunos da disciplina de Radiologia Odontológica.

Text mining is the process of deriving high-quality information from text so that it can focus on extracting useful information from text or web documents. IoT devices generate massive structured or unstructured data including text data. The opportunity coming behind big data and unstructured data is a great impulse for governments or companies to choose solutions based on text mining approaches to improve strategic business activities and boost decision making. Expert information is an important reference information for decision making. How to collect the expert information from text or web documents is a problem. In this paper, a text mining approach is introduced to crawl and extract expert information from Internet. We build a basic framework and main modules including information extraction, data cleaning and deduplication, expert recommendation model to cope with text data from Web content. We also define several metrics, data structures and propose some algorithms to help text mining. Finally, the experiment is implemented with datasets and the results show that our text mining approach can extract expert attributes accurately.