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2. Microspectroscopic insight into the deactivation process of individual cracking catalyst particles with basic sulfur components

Author

Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, Buurmans, Inge L C, Knowles, William V., Van Der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Vogt, Eelco T C, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ruiz-Martínez, Javier, Buurmans, Inge L C, Knowles, William V., Van Der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Vogt, Eelco T C, and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2012

3. Staining of Fluid-Catalytic-Cracking Catalysts: Localising Bronsted Acidity within a Single Catalyst Particle

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Dep Scheikunde, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Buurmans, Inge L. C., Ruiz-Martinez, Javier, van Leeuwen, Sanne L., van der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Knowles, William V., Vogt, Eelco T. C., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Dep Scheikunde, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Buurmans, Inge L. C., Ruiz-Martinez, Javier, van Leeuwen, Sanne L., van der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Knowles, William V., Vogt, Eelco T. C., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2012

4. Catalytic activity in individual cracking catalyst particles imaged throughout different life stages by selective staining

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Buurmans, Inge L. C., Ruiz Martinez, Javier, Knowles, William V., van der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Vogt, Eelco T. C., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Buurmans, Inge L. C., Ruiz Martinez, Javier, Knowles, William V., van der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Vogt, Eelco T. C., and Weckhuysen, Bert M.

Published
2011

5. Catalytic activity in individual cracking catalyst particles imaged throughout different life stages by selective staining

Author

Buurmans, Inge L. C., Ruiz Martinez, Javier, Knowles, William V., van der Beek, David, Bergwerff, Jaap A., Vogt, Eelco T. C., Weckhuysen, Bert M., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, and Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Thiophenes: chemistry, zeolites, Thiophenes, Fluid catalytic cracking, Fluorescence, Catalysis, chemistry [Thiophenes], Zeolite, Fluorescent Dyes, Acids: chemistry, Microscopy, chemistry [Fluorescent Dyes], Fluorescent Dyes: chemistry, Staining and Labeling, Chemistry, Oil refinery, General Chemistry, Life stage, Cracking, Zeolites: chemistry, Chemical engineering, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Scientific method, chemistry [Zeolites], Particle, chemistry [Acids], Acids
Abstract

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the major conversion process used in oil refineries to produce valuable hydrocarbons from crude oil fractions. Because the demand for oil-based products is ever increasing, research has been ongoing to improve the performance of FCC catalyst particles, which are complex mixtures of zeolite and binder materials. Unfortunately, there is limited insight into the distribution and activity of individual zeolitic domains at different life stages. Here we introduce a staining method to visualize the structure of zeolite particulates and other FCC components. Bronsted acidity maps have been constructed at the single particle level from fluorescence microscopy images. By applying a statistical methodology to a series of catalysts deactivated via industrial protocols, a correlation is established between Bronsted acidity and cracking activity. The generally applicable method has clear potential for catalyst diagnostics, as it determines intra- and interparticle Bronsted acidity distributions for industrial FCC materials.

Published
2011

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