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1. Impact of ERCP simulator training on early ERCP learning curves of novice trainees:a cohort study

Author: van der Wiel, SE, Rauws, E, Van Gool, S, Wang, D, Hu, B, Kylanpaa, L, Webster, GJM, James, M, Koch, AD, Bruno, M, van der Wiel, SE, Rauws, E, Van Gool, S, Wang, D, Hu, B, Kylanpaa, L, Webster, GJM, James, M, Koch, AD, and Bruno, M
Abstract: Background and study aim Simulator-based training has been extensively studied in training gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy and shown to significantly improve learning curves of novices. Data on simulator-based training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are scarce. We aimed to determine the impact of 2-day intensive hands-on simulator training on the course of the learning curve of novice trainees. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using a validated mechanical ERCP simulator (Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP Trainer). Six trainees were allocated to the simulation course program (SG). Each of these trainees were paired with an endoscopy trainee starting regular ERCP training at the same center who had no exposure to a simulation course program (control group; CG). The course included lectures, live ERCP demonstrations, and hands-on ERCP training to educate trainees in basic techniques related to cannulation, stent placement, stone extraction and stricture management. After the course, both the SG and CG started formal ERCP training in their respective centers. The Rotterdam Assessment Form for ERCP was used to register each performed ERCP. Simple moving average was applied to create learning curves based on successful common bile duct (CBD) cannulation. Outcomes were plotted against a historical cohort (HC). Results Thirteen trainees were included, six trainees in the SG and seven trainees in the CG, with a total of 717 ERCPs. Mean successful ERCP cannulation rate was higher for the simulator group at baseline compared to both CG and HC, 64% versus 43% and 42%, respectively. Differences became less explicit after 40 ERCPs, but persisted until a median of 75 ERCPs. Conclusions We demonstrate that 2-day hands-on simulator-based ERCP training course has a positive effect on the learning curves of ERCP trainees and should be considered an integral part of the training cur
Published: 2023

2. Dendritic cell vaccination for glioblastoma multiforme: review with focus on predictive factors for treatment response

Author: Dejaegher J, Van Gool S, and De Vleeschouwer S
Subjects: Glioblastoma multiforme– Immunotherapy – Dendritic cell vaccination – personalized medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Joost Dejaegher,1 Stefaan Van Gool,2 Steven De Vleeschouwer1 1Department of Neurosciences, 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive type of primary brain cancer. Since median overall survival with multimodal standard therapy is only 15 months, there is a clear need for additional effective and long-lasting treatments. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is an experimental immunotherapy being tested in several Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. In these trials, safety and feasibility have been proven, and promising clinical results have been reported. On the other hand, it is becoming clear that not every GBM patient will benefit from this highly personalized treatment. Defining the subgroup of patients likely to respond to DC vaccination will position this option correctly amongst other new GBM treatment modalities, and pave the way to incorporation in standard therapy. This review provides an overview of GBM treatment options and focuses on the currently known prognostic and predictive factors for response to DC vaccination. In this way, it will provide the clinician with the theoretical background to refer patients who might benefit from this treatment. Keywords: immunotherapy, personalized medicine, brain tumor, stratification
Published: 2014

3. Diagnostic reliability of AV synchrony self-diagnostics in leadless VDD pacemakers

Author: Neugebauer, F, primary, Noti, F, additional, Van Gool, S, additional, Roten, L, additional, Baldinger, SH, additional, Seiler, J, additional, Madaffari, A, additional, Servatius, H, additional, Ryser, A, additional, Tanner, H, additional, Reichlin, T, additional, and Haeberlin, A, additional
Published: 2022
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4. A single-centre analysis of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer

Author: Aerts, R, primary, Severi, C, additional, Van Roey, G, additional, Harlet, R, additional, T’Syen, M, additional, Claessens, C, additional, Van Gool, S, additional, Croonen, C, additional, and Janssens, J, additional
Published: 2021
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5. Integrating sensor- and building dataflows: A case study of indoor environmental quality assessment of an office building in the Netherlands

Author: van Gool, S. and van Gool, S.
Published: 2020

6. Gremlin 1, frizzled-related protein, and Dkk-1 are key regulators of human articular cartilage homeostasis

Author: Leijten, J. C. H., Emons, J., Sticht, C., van Gool, S., Decker, E., Uitterlinden, A., Rappold, G., Hofman, A., Rivadeneira, F., Scherjon, S., Wit, J. M., van Meurs, J., van Blitterswijk, C. A., and Karperien, M.
Published: 2012
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7. A case of amoebic colitis with amoeboma and simultaneous liver abscesses. A diagnosis by colonoscopy

Author: Bronswijk, M and Van Gool, S
Subjects: amoebic colitis, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Entamoeba histolytica, INVASIVE AMEBIASIS, dysentery and HIV, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, amoeboma, liver abscess, ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA
Abstract: A 50-year-old patient was admitted to our department after developing severe abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea and fever, during four days whilst travelling abroad. Imaging identified a mass in the ascending colon with simultaneous liver lesions. Initially a diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer was suggested, however colonoscopy showed a large lesion with a central ulcer and surrounding inflammation in the ascending colon. Biopsies confirmed our clinical suspicion of amoebic colitis, complicated by development of an amoeboma and simultaneous liver abscesses. Amoeboma formation is a rare complication of amoebiasis, however a simultaneous presentation with liver abscesses, amoebic colitis and an amoeboma might even be less frequent. Despite its rarity physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion of patients presenting with synchronous liver and colon lesions, especially as travel to endemic areas has increased. ispartof: ACTA GASTRO-ENTEROLOGICA BELGICA vol:82 issue:4 pages:539-541 ispartof: location:Belgium status: published
Published: 2019

8. Influence of intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection on gastric emptying and meal-related symptoms in gastroparesis patients

Author: ARTS, J., VAN GOOL, S., CAENEPEEL, P., VERBEKE, K., JANSSENS, J., and TACK, J.
Published: 2006

9. Polyclonal immunoglobulins for intravenous use induce interleukin 10 release in vivo and in vitro

Author: Lories, R J, Casteels-Van Daele, M, Ceuppens, J L, and Van Gool, S W
Published: 2004

10. Inhibition of costimulation allows for repeated systemic administration of adenoviral vector in rhesus monkeys

Author: Haegel-Kronenberger, H, Haanstra, K, Ziller-Remy, C, Ortiz Buijsse, A P, Vermeiren, J, Stoeckel, F, van Gool, S W, Ceuppens, J L, Mehtali, M, de Boer, M, Jonker, M, and Boon, Louis
Published: 2004

11. Blocking B7 and CD40 co-stimulatory molecules decreases antiviral T cell activity

Author: VERMEIREN, J., CEUPPENS, J. L., HAEGEL-KRONENBERGER, H., DE BOER, M., BOON, L., and VAN GOOL, S. W.
Published: 2004

12. Differences in regulatory pathways identify subgroups of T cell-derived Th2 cytokines

Author: RAFIQ, K., BULLENS, D. M. A., KASRAN, A., LORRÉ, K., CEUPPENS, J. L., and VAN GOOL, S. W.
Published: 2000

13. Naive human T cells can be a source of IL-4 during primary immune responses

Author: BULLENS, D. M. A., RAFIQ, K., KASRAN, A., VAN GOOL, S. W., and CEUPPENS, J. L.
Published: 1999

14. Interaction of CTLA-4 (CD152) with CD80 or CD86 inhibits human T-cell activation

Author: VANDENBORRE, K., VAN GOOL, S. W., KASRAN, A., CEUPPENS, J. L., BOOGAERTS, M. A., and VANDENBERGHE, P.
Published: 1999

15. Phenotype, cytokine production and cytolytic capacity of fresh (uncultured) tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes in human renal cell carcinoma

Author: VAN DEN HOVE, L. E., VAN GOOL, S. W., VAN POPPEL, H., BAERT, L., COOREVITS, L., VAN DAMME, B., and CEUPPENS, J. L.
Published: 1997

16. Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by T cells is regulated by B7 and IL-1β

Author: KRUGER, M., VAN GOOL, S., PENG, X. H., COOREVITS, L., CASTEELS-VAN DAELE, M., and CEUPPENS, J. L.
Published: 1996

17. Immunogenic cell death during maintenance chemotherapy and subsequent multimodal immunotherapy for GBM

Author: van Gool, S., Makalowski, J., Schirrmacher, V., Stuecker, W., van Gool, S., Makalowski, J., Schirrmacher, V., and Stuecker, W.
Published: 2018

18. Development of the SIOPE DIPG network, registry and imaging repository: a collaborative effort to optimize research into a rare and lethal disease

Author: Veldhuijzen van Zanten, S.E.M. Baugh, J. Chaney, B. De Jongh, D. Sanchez Aliaga, E. Barkhof, F. Noltes, J. De Wolf, R. Van Dijk, J. Cannarozzo, A. Damen-Korbijn, C.M. Lieverst, J.A. Colditz, N. Hoffmann, M. Warmuth-Metz, M. Bison, B. Jones, D.T.W. Sturm, D. Gielen, G.H. Jones, C. Hulleman, E. Calmon, R. Castel, D. Varlet, P. Giraud, G. Slavc, I. Van Gool, S. Jacobs, S. Jadrijevic-Cvrlje, F. Sumerauer, D. Nysom, K. Pentikainen, V. Kivivuori, S.-M. Leblond, P. Entz-Werle, N. von Bueren, A.O. Kattamis, A. Hargrave, D.R. Hauser, P. Garami, M. Thorarinsdottir, H.K. Pears, J. Gandola, L. Rutkauskiene, G. Janssens, G.O. Torsvik, I.K. Perek-Polnik, M. Gil-da-Costa, M.J. Zheludkova, O. Shats, L. Deak, L. Kitanovski, L. Cruz, O. Morales La Madrid, A. Holm, S. Gerber, N. Kebudi, R. Grundy, R. Lopez-Aguilar, E. Zapata-Tarres, M. Emmerik, J. Hayden, T. Bailey, S. Biassoni, V. Massimino, M. Grill, J. Vandertop, W.P. Kaspers, G.J.L. Fouladi, M. Kramm, C.M. van Vuurden, D.G. on behalf of the members of the SIOPE DIPG Network
Abstract: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and deadly childhood malignancy. After 40 years of mostly single-center, often non-randomized trials with variable patient inclusions, there has been no improvement in survival. It is therefore time for international collaboration in DIPG research, to provide new hope for children, parents and medical professionals fighting DIPG. In a first step towards collaboration, in 2011, a network of biologists and clinicians working in the field of DIPG was established within the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) Brain Tumour Group: the SIOPE DIPG Network. By bringing together biomedical professionals and parents as patient representatives, several collaborative DIPG-related projects have been realized. With help from experts in the fields of information technology, and legal advisors, an international, web-based comprehensive database was developed, The SIOPE DIPG Registry and Imaging Repository, to centrally collect data of DIPG patients. As for April 2016, clinical data as well as MR-scans of 694 patients have been entered into the SIOPE DIPG Registry/Imaging Repository. The median progression free survival is 6.0 months (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.6–6.4 months) and the median overall survival is 11.0 months (95% CI 10.5–11.5 months). At two and five years post-diagnosis, 10 and 2% of patients are alive, respectively. The establishment of the SIOPE DIPG Network and SIOPE DIPG Registry means a paradigm shift towards collaborative research into DIPG. This is seen as an essential first step towards understanding the disease, improving care and (ultimately) cure for children with DIPG. © 2017, The Author(s).
Published: 2017

19. Disjunctive questions, intonation, and highlighting

Author: Roelofsen, F., van Gool, S., Aloni, M., Bastiaanse, H., de Jager, T., Schulz, K., Logic and Language (ILLC, FNWI/FGw), and ILLC (FNWI)
Subjects: Computer science, Interpretation (philosophy), Intonation (linguistics), Common ground, Semantics, Raising (linguistics), Pitch contour, Linguistics
Abstract: This paper examines how intonation affects the interpretation of disjunctive questions. The semantic effect of a question is taken to be three-fold. First, it raises an issue. In the tradition of inquisitive semantics, we model this by assuming that a question proposes several possible updates of the common ground (several possibilities for short) and invites other participants to help establish at least one of these updates. But apart from raising an issue, a question may also highlight and/or suggest certain possibilities, and intonation determines to a large extent which possibilities are highlighted/suggested.
Published: 2010
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20. Spint biologisch bestrijden in tomaat: het kan, maar wees er snel bij!

Author: Moerkens, R., Van Gool, S., Bergkamp, B., Berckmoes, E., Tilley, A., Sluydts, V., Moerkens, R., Van Gool, S., Bergkamp, B., Berckmoes, E., Tilley, A., and Sluydts, V.
Abstract: Spint is nog steeds een belangrijke plaag in de tomatenteelt. In het verleden verliep de biologische bestrijding door de roofmijt Phytoseiulus persimilis vaak stroef. Wellicht was dit te wijten aan een gebrek aan geduld en lokale uitzettingen. Onderzoek van 2014 heeft echter aangewezen dat de uit-zetting van Phytoseiulus vollevelds diende te gebeuren. In het teeltseizoen van 2015 werd bepaald hoeveel roofmijten werkelijk nodig zijn op een plant om spint biologisch te controleren.
Published: 2016

21. DC-based immunotherapy for relapsed high grade glioma: clinical update of cohort A, B, C and D from the cohort comparison trial HGG-immuno-2003

Author: De Vleeschouwer, S., Ardon, H., Fieuws, S., Van Calenbergh, F., Goffin, J., Van Loon, J., and Van Gool, S.
Subjects: ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract: Objective: The prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) is dismal. We investigate the therapeutic role of vaccination with mature dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor lysates derived from resected tumor at the time of a relapse. Methods: Dendritis cells were injected intradermally according[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit den Benelux-Ländern und Bulgarien
Published: 2009
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22. Recent findings in immune monitoring for HGG patients treated with autologous DC vaccination: CD127 expression inversely correlates with Foxp3 and suppressive function of CD4+ Treg cells

Author: Ardon, H, Maes, W, Beez, T, Van Gool, S, and De Vleeschouwer, S
Subjects: ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract: Objective: We have successfully treated over two hundred high-grade glioma (HGG) patients with adjuvant immunotherapy consisting of vaccination with autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded with autologous tumor lysate. It has recently been shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit den Benelux-Ländern und Bulgarien
Published: 2009
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23. Integration of DC vaccination in the primary treatment of adults with GBM: Update of the Pilot-Trial and the HGG-2006 phase I/II trial

Author: Hilko, A, van Gool, S, Maes, W, van Calenbergh, F, Goffin, J, van Loon, J, and de Vleeschouwer, S
Subjects: ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract: Objective: In spite of neurosurgery, radiochemotherapy (RCT) and maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy (TZMm), the prognosis of patients with GBM remains poor. Because immunotherapy opened new perspectives for patients at time of relapse, we are integrating immunotherapy in the primary postoperative[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit den Benelux-Ländern und Bulgarien
Published: 2009
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24. A case of amoebic colitis with amoeboma and simultaneous liver abscesses. A diagnosis by colonoscopy.

Author: Bronswijk, M. and Van Gool, S.
Published: 2019

25. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

Author: Boman, K. K., primary, Hornquist, L., additional, Rickardsson, J., additional, Lannering, B., additional, Gustafsson, G., additional, Pitchford, N., additional, Davis, E., additional, Walker, D., additional, Hoang, D. H., additional, Pagnier, A., additional, Cousin, E., additional, Guichardet, K., additional, Schiff, I., additional, Dubois-Teklali, F., additional, Krainik, A., additional, Lazar, M. B., additional, Resnik, K., additional, Olsson, I. T., additional, Perrin, S., additional, Burtscher, I. B., additional, Lundgren, J., additional, Kahn, A., additional, Johanson, A., additional, Korzeniewska, J., additional, Dembowska-Baginska, B., additional, Perek-Polnik, M., additional, Walsh, K., additional, Gioia, A., additional, Wells, E., additional, Packer, R., additional, de Speville, E. D., additional, Dufour, C., additional, Bolle, S., additional, Giraudat, K., additional, Longaud, A., additional, Kieffer, V., additional, Grill, J., additional, Puget, S., additional, Valteau-Couanet, D., additional, Hetz-Pannier, L., additional, Noulhiane, M., additional, Chieffo, D., additional, Tamburrini, G., additional, Caldarelli, M., additional, Di Rocco, C., additional, Margelisch, K., additional, Studer, M., additional, Steinlin, M., additional, Leibundgut, K., additional, Heinks, T., additional, Longaud-Vales, A., additional, Chevignard, M., additional, Pujet, S., additional, Sainte-Rose, C., additional, Dellatolas, G., additional, Kahalley, L., additional, Grosshans, D., additional, Paulino, A., additional, Ris, M. D., additional, Chintagumpala, M., additional, Okcu, F., additional, Moore, B., additional, Stancel, H., additional, Minard, C., additional, Guffey, D., additional, Mahajan, A., additional, Herrington, B., additional, Raiker, J., additional, Manning, E., additional, Criddle, J., additional, Karlson, C., additional, Guerry, W., additional, Finlay, J., additional, Sands, S., additional, Dockstader, C., additional, Skocic, J., additional, Bouffet, E., additional, Laughlin, S., additional, Tabori, U., additional, Mabbott, D., additional, Moxon-Emre, I., additional, Scantlebury, N., additional, Taylor, M. D., additional, Malkin, D., additional, Law, N., additional, Kumabe, T., additional, Leonard, J., additional, Rubin, J., additional, Jung, S., additional, Kim, S.-K., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Weiss, W., additional, Faria, C., additional, Vibhakar, R., additional, Spiegler, B., additional, Janzen, L., additional, Liu, F., additional, Decker, L., additional, Lemiere, J., additional, Vercruysse, T., additional, Haers, M., additional, Vandenabeele, K., additional, Geuens, S., additional, Jacobs, S., additional, Van Gool, S., additional, Riggs, L., additional, Piscione, J., additional, Timmons, B., additional, Cunningham, T., additional, Bartels, U., additional, Chakravarty, M., additional, Laperriere, N., additional, Pipitone, J., additional, Strother, D., additional, Hukin, J., additional, Fryer, C., additional, McConnell, D., additional, Secco, D. E., additional, Cappelletti, S., additional, Gentile, S., additional, Cacchione, A., additional, Del Bufalo, F., additional, Staccioli, S., additional, Spagnoli, A., additional, Messina, R., additional, Carai, A., additional, Marras, C. E., additional, Mastronuzzi, A., additional, Brinkman, T., additional, Armstrong, G., additional, Kimberg, C., additional, Gajjar, A., additional, Srivastava, D. K., additional, Robison, L., additional, Hudson, M., additional, Krull, K., additional, Hardy, K., additional, Hostetter, S., additional, Hwang, E., additional, Leiss, U., additional, Bemmer, A., additional, Pletschko, T., additional, Grafeneder, J., additional, Schwarzinger, A., additional, Deimann, P., additional, Slavc, I., additional, Batchelder, P., additional, Wilkening, G., additional, Hankinson, T., additional, Foreman, N., additional, and Handler, M., additional
Published: 2014
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26. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND DIPG

Author: Classen, C. F., primary, William, D., additional, Linnebacher, M., additional, Farhod, A., additional, Kedr, W., additional, Elsabe, B., additional, Fadel, S., additional, Van Gool, S., additional, De Vleeschouwer, S., additional, Koks, C., additional, Garg, A., additional, Ehrhardt, M., additional, Riva, M., additional, Agostinis, P., additional, Graf, N., additional, Yao, T.-W., additional, Yoshida, Y., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Ozawa, T., additional, James, D., additional, Nicolaides, T., additional, Kebudi, R., additional, Cakir, F. B., additional, Gorgun, O., additional, Agaoglu, F. Y., additional, Darendeliler, E., additional, Al-Kofide, A., additional, Al-Shail, E., additional, Khafaga, Y., additional, Al-Hindi, H., additional, Dababo, M., additional, Haq, A. U., additional, Anas, M., additional, Barria, M. G., additional, Siddiqui, K., additional, Hassounah, M., additional, Ayas, M., additional, van Zanten, S. V., additional, Jansen, M., additional, van Vuurden, D., additional, Huisman, M., additional, Vugts, D., additional, Hoekstra, O., additional, van Dongen, G., additional, Kaspers, G., additional, Cockle, J., additional, Ilett, E., additional, Scott, K., additional, Bruning-Richardson, A., additional, Picton, S., additional, Short, S., additional, Melcher, A., additional, Benesch, M., additional, Warmuth-Metz, M., additional, von Bueren, A. O., additional, Hoffmann, M., additional, Pietsch, T., additional, Kortmann, R.-D., additional, Eyrich, M., additional, Rutkowski, S., additional, Fruhwald, M. C., additional, Faber, J., additional, Kramm, C., additional, Porkholm, M., additional, Valanne, L., additional, Lonnqvist, T., additional, Holm, S., additional, Lannering, B., additional, Riikonen, P., additional, Wojcik, D., additional, Sehested, A., additional, Clausen, N., additional, Harila-Saari, A., additional, Schomerus, E., additional, Thorarinsdottir, H. K., additional, Lahteenmaki, P., additional, Arola, M., additional, Thomassen, H., additional, Saarinen-Pihkala, U. M., additional, Kivivuori, S.-M., additional, Buczkowicz, P., additional, Hoeman, C., additional, Rakopoulos, P., additional, Pajovic, S., additional, Morrison, A., additional, Bouffet, E., additional, Bartels, U., additional, Becher, O., additional, Hawkins, C., additional, Gould, T. W. A., additional, Rahman, C. V., additional, Smith, S. J., additional, Barrett, D. A., additional, Shakesheff, K. M., additional, Grundy, R. G., additional, Rahman, R., additional, Barua, N., additional, Cronin, D., additional, Gill, S., additional, Lowisl, S., additional, Hochart, A., additional, Maurage, C.-A., additional, Rocourt, N., additional, Vinchon, M., additional, Kerdraon, O., additional, Escande, F., additional, Grill, J., additional, Pick, V. K., additional, Leblond, P., additional, Burzynski, G., additional, Janicki, T., additional, Burzynski, S., additional, Marszalek, A., additional, Ramani, N., additional, Zaky, W., additional, Kannan, G., additional, Morani, A., additional, Sandberg, D., additional, Ketonen, L., additional, Maher, O., additional, Corrales-Medina, F., additional, Meador, H., additional, Khatua, S., additional, Brassesco, M., additional, Delsin, L., additional, Roberto, G., additional, Silva, C., additional, Ana, L., additional, Rego, E., additional, Scrideli, C., additional, Umezawa, K., additional, Tone, L., additional, Kim, S. J., additional, Kim, C.-Y., additional, Kim, I.-A., additional, Han, J. H., additional, Choi, B.-S., additional, Ahn, H. S., additional, Choi, H. S., additional, Haque, F., additional, Layfield, R., additional, Grundy, R., additional, Gandola, L., additional, Pecori, E., additional, Biassoni, V., additional, Schiavello, E., additional, Chiruzzi, C., additional, Spreafico, F., additional, Modena, P., additional, Bach, F., additional, Pignoli, E., additional, Massimino, M., additional, Drogosiewicz, M., additional, Dembowska-Baginska, B., additional, Jurkiewicz, E., additional, Filipek, I., additional, Perek-Polnik, M., additional, Swieszkowska, E., additional, Perek, D., additional, Bender, S., additional, Jones, D. T., additional, Warnatz, H.-J., additional, Hutter, B., additional, Zichner, T., additional, Gronych, J., additional, Korshunov, A., additional, Eils, R., additional, Korbel, J. O., additional, Yaspo, M.-L., additional, Lichter, P., additional, Pfister, S. M., additional, Yadavilli, S., additional, Becher, O. J., additional, Kambhampati, M., additional, Packer, R. J., additional, Nazarian, J., additional, Lechon, F. C., additional, Fowkes, L., additional, Khabra, K., additional, Martin-Retortillo, L. M., additional, Marshall, L. V., additional, Vaidya, S., additional, Koh, D.-M., additional, Leach, M. O., additional, Pearson, A. D., additional, Zacharoulis, S., additional, Schrey, D., additional, Barone, G., additional, Panditharatna, E., additional, Stampar, M., additional, Siu, A., additional, Gordish-Dressman, H., additional, Devaney, J., additional, Hwang, E. I., additional, Chung, A. H., additional, Mittapalli, R. K., additional, Elmquist, W. F., additional, Castel, D., additional, Debily, M.-A., additional, Philippe, C., additional, Truffaux, N., additional, Taylor, K., additional, Calmon, R., additional, Boddaert, N., additional, Le Dret, L., additional, Saulnier, P., additional, Lacroix, L., additional, Mackay, A., additional, Jones, C., additional, Puget, S., additional, Sainte-Rose, C., additional, Blauwblomme, T., additional, Varlet, P., additional, Entz-Werle, N., additional, Maugard, C., additional, Bougeard, G., additional, Nguyen, A., additional, Chenard, M. P., additional, Schneider, A., additional, Gaub, M. P., additional, Tsoli, M., additional, Vanniasinghe, A., additional, Luk, P., additional, Dilda, P., additional, Haber, M., additional, Hogg, P., additional, Ziegler, D., additional, Simon, S., additional, Monje, M., additional, Gurova, K., additional, Gudkov, A., additional, Zapotocky, M., additional, Churackova, M., additional, Malinova, B., additional, Zamecnik, J., additional, Kyncl, M., additional, Tichy, M., additional, Puchmajerova, A., additional, Stary, J., additional, Sumerauer, D., additional, Boult, J., additional, Vinci, M., additional, Perryman, L., additional, Box, G., additional, Jury, A., additional, Popov, S., additional, Ingram, W., additional, Eccles, S., additional, Robinson, S., additional, Emir, S., additional, Demir, H. A., additional, Bayram, C., additional, Cetindag, F., additional, Kabacam, G. B., additional, Fettah, A., additional, Li, J., additional, Jamin, Y., additional, Cummings, C., additional, Bamber, J., additional, Sinkus, R., additional, Nandhabalan, M., additional, Bjerke, L., additional, Burford, A., additional, von Bueren, A., additional, Baudis, M., additional, Clarke, P., additional, Collins, I., additional, Workman, P., additional, Olaciregui, N., additional, Mora, J., additional, Carcaboso, A., additional, Bullock, A., additional, Alonso, M., additional, de Torres, C., additional, Cruz, O., additional, Pencreach, E., additional, Moussalieh, F. M., additional, Guenot, D., additional, Namer, I., additional, Pollack, I., additional, Jakacki, R., additional, Butterfield, L., additional, Hamilton, R., additional, Panigrahy, A., additional, Potter, D., additional, Connelly, A., additional, Dibridge, S., additional, Whiteside, T., additional, Okada, H., additional, Ahsan, S., additional, Raabe, E., additional, Haffner, M., additional, Warren, K., additional, Quezado, M., additional, Ballester, L., additional, Eberhart, C., additional, Rodriguez, F., additional, Ramachandran, C., additional, Nair, S., additional, Quirrin, K.-W., additional, Khatib, Z., additional, Escalon, E., additional, Melnick, S., additional, Classen, C. F., additional, Hofmann, M., additional, Schmid, I., additional, Simon, T., additional, Maass, E., additional, Russo, A., additional, Fleischhack, G., additional, Becker, M., additional, Hauch, H., additional, Sander, A., additional, Grasso, C., additional, Berlow, N., additional, Liu, L., additional, Davis, L., additional, Huang, E., additional, Woo, P., additional, Tang, Y., additional, Ponnuswami, A., additional, Chen, S., additional, Huang, Y., additional, Hutt-Cabezas, M., additional, Dret, L., additional, Meltzer, P., additional, Mao, H., additional, Abraham, J., additional, Fouladi, M., additional, Svalina, M. N., additional, Wang, N., additional, Hulleman, E., additional, Li, X.-N., additional, Keller, C., additional, Spellman, P. T., additional, Pal, R., additional, Jansen, M. H. A., additional, Sewing, A. C. P., additional, Lagerweij, T., additional, Vuchts, D. J., additional, van Vuurden, D. G., additional, Caretti, V., additional, Wesseling, P., additional, Kaspers, G. J. L., additional, Cohen, K., additional, Pearl, M., additional, Kogiso, M., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Qi, L., additional, Lindsay, H., additional, Lin, F., additional, Berg, S., additional, Muscal, J., additional, Amayiri, N., additional, Tabori, U., additional, Campbel, B., additional, Bakry, D., additional, Aronson, M., additional, Durno, C., additional, Gallinger, S., additional, Malkin, D., additional, Qaddumi, I., additional, Musharbash, A., additional, Swaidan, M., additional, Al-Hussaini, M., additional, Shandilya, S., additional, McCully, C., additional, Murphy, R., additional, Akshintala, S., additional, Cole, D., additional, Macallister, R. P., additional, Cruz, R., additional, Widemann, B., additional, Salloum, R., additional, Smith, A., additional, Glaunert, M., additional, Ramkissoon, A., additional, Peterson, S., additional, Baker, S., additional, Chow, L., additional, Sandgren, J., additional, Pfeifer, S., additional, Popova, S., additional, Alafuzoff, I., additional, de Stahl, T. D., additional, Pietschmann, S., additional, Kerber, M. J., additional, Zwiener, I., additional, Henke, G., additional, Muller, K., additional, Sieow, N. Y.-F., additional, Hoe, R. H. M., additional, Tan, A. M., additional, Chan, M. Y., additional, Soh, S. Y., additional, Burrell, K., additional, Chornenkyy, Y., additional, Remke, M., additional, Golbourn, B., additional, Barzczyk, M., additional, Taylor, M., additional, Rutka, J., additional, Dirks, P., additional, Zadeh, G., additional, Agnihotri, S., additional, Hashizume, R., additional, Ihara, Y., additional, Andor, N., additional, Chen, X., additional, Lerner, R., additional, Huang, X., additional, Tom, M., additional, Solomon, D., additional, Mueller, S., additional, Petritsch, C., additional, Zhang, Z., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Waldman, T., additional, Dujua, A., additional, Co, J., additional, Hernandez, F., additional, Doromal, D., additional, Hegde, M., additional, Wakefield, A., additional, Brawley, V., additional, Grada, Z., additional, Byrd, T., additional, Chow, K., additional, Krebs, S., additional, Heslop, H., additional, Gottschalk, S., additional, Yvon, E., additional, Ahmed, N., additional, Cornilleau, G., additional, Paulsson, J., additional, Andreiuolo, F., additional, Guerrini-Rousseau, L., additional, Geoerger, B., additional, Vassal, G., additional, Ostman, A., additional, Parsons, D. W., additional, Trevino, L. R., additional, Gao, F., additional, Shen, X., additional, Hampton, O., additional, Kosigo, M., additional, Baxter, P. A., additional, Su, J. M., additional, Chintagumpala, M., additional, Dauser, R., additional, Adesina, A., additional, Plon, S. E., additional, Wheeler, D. A., additional, Lau, C. C., additional, Gielen, G., additional, Muehlen, A. z., additional, Kwiecien, R., additional, Wolff, J., additional, Lulla, R. R., additional, Laskowski, J., additional, Goldman, S., additional, Gopalakrishnan, V., additional, Fangusaro, J., additional, Kieran, M., additional, Fontebasso, A., additional, Papillon-Cavanagh, S., additional, Schwartzentruber, J., additional, Nikbakht, H., additional, Gerges, N., additional, Fiset, P.-O., additional, Bechet, D., additional, Faury, D., additional, De Jay, N., additional, Ramkissoon, L., additional, Corcoran, A., additional, Jones, D., additional, Sturm, D., additional, Johann, P., additional, Tomita, T., additional, Nagib, M., additional, Bendel, A., additional, Goumnerova, L., additional, Bowers, D. C., additional, Leonard, J. R., additional, Rubin, J. B., additional, Alden, T., additional, DiPatri, A., additional, Browd, S., additional, Leary, S., additional, Jallo, G., additional, Prados, M. D., additional, Banerjee, A., additional, Carret, A.-S., additional, Ellezam, B., additional, Crevier, L., additional, Klekner, A., additional, Bognar, L., additional, Hauser, P., additional, Garami, M., additional, Myseros, J., additional, Dong, Z., additional, Siegel, P. M., additional, Gump, W., additional, Ayyanar, K., additional, Ragheb, J., additional, Krieger, M., additional, Kiehna, E., additional, Robison, N., additional, Harter, D., additional, Gardner, S., additional, Handler, M., additional, Foreman, N., additional, Brahma, B., additional, MacDonald, T., additional, Malkin, H., additional, Chi, S., additional, Manley, P., additional, Bandopadhayay, P., additional, Greenspan, L., additional, Ligon, A., additional, Albrecht, S., additional, Ligon, K. L., additional, Majewski, J., additional, Jabado, N., additional, Cordero, F., additional, Halvorson, K., additional, Taylor, I., additional, Hutt, M., additional, Weingart, M., additional, Price, A., additional, Kantar, M., additional, Onen, S., additional, Kamer, S., additional, Turhan, T., additional, Kitis, O., additional, Ertan, Y., additional, Cetingul, N., additional, Anacak, Y., additional, Akalin, T., additional, Ersahin, Y., additional, Mason, G., additional, Ho, C., additional, Crozier, F., additional, Vezina, G., additional, Packer, R., additional, Hwang, E., additional, Gilheeney, S., additional, Millard, N., additional, DeBraganca, K., additional, Khakoo, Y., additional, Kramer, K., additional, Wolden, S., additional, Donzelli, M., additional, Fischer, C., additional, Petriccione, M., additional, Dunkel, I., additional, Afzal, S., additional, Fleming, A., additional, Larouche, V., additional, Zelcer, S., additional, Johnston, D. L., additional, Kostova, M., additional, Mpofu, C., additional, Decarie, J.-C., additional, Strother, D., additional, Lafay-Cousin, L., additional, Eisenstat, D., additional, Fryer, C., additional, Hukin, J., additional, Hsu, M., additional, Lasky, J., additional, Moore, T., additional, Liau, L., additional, Davidson, T., additional, Prins, R., additional, Hassal, T., additional, Baugh, J., additional, Kirkendall, J., additional, Doughman, R., additional, Leach, J., additional, Jones, B., additional, Miles, L., additional, Hargrave, D., additional, Jacques, T., additional, Savage, S., additional, Saunders, D., additional, Wallace, R., additional, Flutter, B., additional, Morgenestern, D., additional, Blanco, E., additional, Howe, K., additional, Lowdell, M., additional, Samuel, E., additional, Michalski, A., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Arakawa, Y., additional, Umeda, K., additional, Watanabe, K.-i., additional, Mizowaki, T., additional, Hiraoka, M., additional, Hiramatsu, H., additional, Adachi, S., additional, Kunieda, T., additional, Takagi, Y., additional, Miyamoto, S., additional, Venneti, S., additional, Santi, M., additional, Felicella, M. M., additional, Sullivan, L. M., additional, Dolgalev, I., additional, Martinez, D., additional, Perry, A., additional, Lewis, P. W., additional, Allis, D. C., additional, Thompson, C. B., additional, and Judkins, A. R., additional
Published: 2014
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27. Interaction of CTLA‐4 (CD152) with CD80 or CD86 inhibits human T‐cell activation

Author: Vandenborre, K, Van Gool, S W, Kasran, A, Ceuppens, J L, Boogaerts, M A, and Vandenberghe, P
Subjects: Immunoconjugates, Membrane Glycoproteins, T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Monoclonal, hemic and immune systems, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Lymphocyte Activation, Antigens, Differentiation, biological factors, Abatacept, CD28 Antigens, Antigens, CD, B7-1 Antigen, Humans, Original Article, CTLA-4 Antigen, B7-2 Antigen
Abstract: Occupancy of CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 or CD152) negatively regulates the activation of mouse T lymphocytes, as indicated by the fate of CTLA-4-deficient mice, by the impact of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on mouse T-cell activation in vitro and by the impact of CTLA-4 blockade on the course of experimental tumoral, autoimmune, alloimmune or infectious disease in this animal. The function of human CTLA-4, however, remains less clear. The expression and function of human CTLA-4 were further explored. CTLA-4 was expressed under mitogenic conditions only, its expression being, at least partially, dependent on the secretion of interleukin-2. Memory T cells expressed CTLA-4 with faster kinetics than naive T cells. The functional role of human CTLA-4 was assessed utilizing a panel of four anti-CTLA-4 mAbs that blocked the interaction between CTLA-4 and its ligands. These mAbs, in immobilized form, profoundly inhibited the activation of T cells by immobilized anti-CD3 mAb in the absence of anti-CD28 mAb, but co-stimulated T-cell activation in the presence of anti-CD28 mAb. Finally, and importantly, blockade of the interaction of CTLA-4 with its ligands using soluble anti-CTLA-4 mAbs, in intact form or as Fab fragments, enhanced T-cell activation in several polyclonal or alloantigen-specific CD80- or CD80/CD86-dependent assays, as measured by cytokine production, cellular proliferation or cytotoxic responses. It is concluded that interaction of CTLA-4 with its functional ligands, CD80 or CD86, can down-regulate human T-cell responses, probably by intracellular signalling events and independent of CD28 occupancy.
Published: 1999

28. Immunotherapy Integrated in Radiochemotherapy and Maintenance Teniozolomide: Final Results of the Hgg-2006 Study

Author: UCL - Autre, Van Gool, S. W., Ardon, H., Van Calenbergh, F., Sciot, Raf, Demaerel, P., Goffin, J., De Vleeschouwer, S., 14th International Symposium on Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, UCL - Autre, Van Gool, S. W., Ardon, H., Van Calenbergh, F., Sciot, Raf, Demaerel, P., Goffin, J., De Vleeschouwer, S., and 14th International Symposium on Pediatric Neuro-Oncology
Published: 2010

29. DC-based immunotherapy for relapsed high grade glioma: clinical update of cohort A, B, C and D from the cohort comparison trial HGG-immuno-2003

Author: de Vleeschouwer, S, Ardon, H, Fieuws, S, van Calenbergh, F, Goffin, J, van Loon, J, van Gool, S, de Vleeschouwer, S, Ardon, H, Fieuws, S, van Calenbergh, F, Goffin, J, van Loon, J, and van Gool, S
Published: 2009

30. Development and validation of a fully GMP-compliant production process of autologous, tumor-lysate pulsed dendritic cells

Author: Eyrich, M., primary, Schreiber, S.C., additional, Rachor, J., additional, Pauwels, F., additional, Woelfl, M., additional, Schlegel, P.G., additional, Lutz, M., additional, and van Gool, S., additional
Published: 2013
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31. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS

Author: Leonard, A., primary, Wolff, J., additional, Sengupta, R., additional, Marassa, J., additional, Piwnica-Worms, D., additional, Rubin, J., additional, Pollack, I., additional, Jakacki, R., additional, Butterfield, L., additional, Okada, H., additional, Fangusaro, J., additional, Warren, K. E., additional, Mullins, C., additional, Jurgen, P., additional, Julia, S., additional, Friedrich, C. C., additional, Keir, S., additional, Saling, J., additional, Roskoski, M., additional, Friedman, H., additional, Bigner, D., additional, Moertel, C., additional, Olin, M., additional, Dahlheimer, T., additional, Gustafson, M., additional, Sumstad, D., additional, McKenna, D., additional, Low, W., additional, Nascene, D., additional, Dietz, A., additional, Ohlfest, J., additional, Sturm, D., additional, Witt, H., additional, Hovestadt, V., additional, Quan, D. A. K., additional, Jones, D. T. W., additional, Konermann, C., additional, Pfaff, E., additional, Korshunov, A., additional, Rizhova, M., additional, Milde, T., additional, Witt, O., additional, Zapatka, M., additional, Collins, V. P., additional, Kool, M., additional, Reifenberger, G., additional, Lichter, P., additional, Lindroth, A. M., additional, Plass, C., additional, Jabado, N., additional, Pfister, S. M., additional, Pizer, B., additional, Salehzadeh, A., additional, Brodbelt, A., additional, Mallucci, C., additional, Brassesco, M., additional, Pezuk, J., additional, Morales, A., additional, de Oliveira, J., additional, Roberto, G., additional, Umezawa, K., additional, Valera, E., additional, Rego, E., additional, Scrideli, C., additional, Tone, L., additional, Veringa, S. J. E., additional, Van Vuurden, D. G., additional, Wesseling, P., additional, Vandertop, W. P., additional, Noske, D. P., additional, Wurdinger, T., additional, Kaspers, G. J. L., additional, Hulleman, E., additional, Wright, K., additional, Broniscer, A., additional, Bendel, A., additional, Bowers, D., additional, Crawford, J., additional, Fisher, P., additional, Hassall, T., additional, Armstrong, G., additional, Baker, J., additional, Qaddoumi, I., additional, Robinson, G., additional, Wetmore, C., additional, Klimo, P., additional, Boop, F., additional, Onar-Thomas, A., additional, Ellison, D., additional, Gajjar, A., additional, Cruz, O., additional, de Torres, C., additional, Sunol, M., additional, Rodriguez, E., additional, Alonso, L., additional, Parareda, A., additional, Cardesa, T., additional, Salvador, H., additional, Celis, V., additional, Guillen, A., additional, Garcia, G., additional, Muchart, J., additional, Trampal, C., additional, Martin, M. L., additional, Rebollo, M., additional, Mora, J., additional, Piotrowski, A., additional, Kowalska, A., additional, Coyle, P., additional, Smith, S., additional, Rogers, H., additional, Macarthur, D., additional, Grundy, R., additional, Puccetti, D., additional, Salamat, S., additional, Kennedy, T., additional, Patel, N., additional, Bradley, K., additional, Casey, K., additional, Iskandar, B., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Okada, K., additional, Osugi, Y., additional, Yamasaki, K., additional, Fujisaki, H., additional, Fukushima, H., additional, Inoue, T., additional, Matsusaka, Y., additional, Sakamoto, H., additional, Hara, J., additional, De Vleeschouwer, S., additional, Ardon, H., additional, Van Calenbergh, F., additional, Sciot, R., additional, Wilms, G., additional, Van Loon, J., additional, Goffin, J., additional, Van Gool, S., additional, Rusinak, D., additional, Knight, P., additional, Onel, K., additional, Wargowski, D., additional, Stettner, A., additional, Al-Ghafari, A., additional, Punjaruk, W., additional, Coyle, B., additional, Kerr, I., additional, Xipell, E., additional, Rodriguez, M., additional, Gonzalez-Huarriz, M., additional, Tunon, M. T., additional, Zazpe, I., additional, Tejada-Solis, S., additional, Diez-Valle, R., additional, Fueyo, J., additional, Gomez-Manzano, C., additional, Alonso, M. M., additional, Pastakia, D., additional, McCully, C., additional, Murphy, R., additional, Bacher, J., additional, Thomas, M., additional, Steffen-Smith, E., additional, Saleem, K., additional, Waldbridge, S., additional, Widemann, B., additional, Warren, K., additional, Miele, E., additional, Buttarelli, F., additional, Arcella, A., additional, Begalli, F., additional, Po, A., additional, Baldi, C., additional, Carissimo, G., additional, Antonelli, M., additional, Donofrio, V., additional, Morra, I., additional, Nozza, P., additional, Gulino, A., additional, Giangaspero, F., additional, Ferretti, E., additional, Elens, I., additional, Pauwels, F., additional, Fritzell, S., additional, Eberstal, S., additional, Sanden, E., additional, Visse, E., additional, Darabi, A., additional, Siesjo, P., additional, McDonald, P., additional, Wrogemann, J., additional, Krawitz, S., additional, Del Bigio, M., additional, Eisenstat, D., additional, Kwiecien, R., additional, Pietsch, T., additional, Faldum, A., additional, Kortmann, R.-D., additional, Warmuth-Metz, M., additional, Rutkowski, S., additional, Slavc, I., additional, Kramm, C. M., additional, Uparkar, U., additional, Geyer, R., additional, Ermoian, R., additional, Ellenbogen, R., additional, Leary, S., additional, Triscott, J., additional, Hu, K., additional, Fotovati, A., additional, Yip, S., additional, Kast, R., additional, Toyota, B., additional, Dunn, S., additional, Hegde, M., additional, Corder, A., additional, Chow, K., additional, Mukherjee, M., additional, Ashoori, A., additional, Brawley, V., additional, Heslop, H., additional, Gottschalk, S., additional, Yvon, E., additional, Ahmed, N., additional, Wong, T.-T., additional, Yang, F.-Y., additional, Lu, M., additional, Liang, H.-F., additional, Wang, H.-E., additional, Liu, R.-S., additional, Teng, M.-C., additional, Yen, C.-C., additional, Agnihotri, S., additional, Ternamian, C., additional, Jones, C., additional, Zadeh, G., additional, Rutka, J., additional, Hawkins, C., additional, Filipek, I., additional, Drogosiewicz, M., additional, Perek-Polnik, M., additional, Swieszkowska, E., additional, Baginska, B. D., additional, Jurkiewicz, E., additional, Perek, D., additional, Kuehn, A., additional, Falkenstein, F., additional, Gnekow, A., additional, Kramm, C., additional, Brooks, M. D., additional, Jackson, E., additional, Mitra, R. D., additional, Rubin, J. B., additional, Liu, X.-Y., additional, Schwartzentruber, J., additional, Fontebasso, A. M., additional, Quang, D.-A. K., additional, Albrecht, S., additional, Dong, Z., additional, Siegel, P., additional, Von Diemling, A., additional, Faury, D., additional, Tabori, U., additional, Majewski, J., additional, Lulla, R., additional, Echevarria, M., additional, Alden, T., additional, DiPatri, A., additional, Tomita, T., additional, Goldman, S., additional, Lin, T., additional, Merchant, T. E., additional, Kocak, M., additional, Panandiker, A. P., additional, Armstrong, G. T., additional, Gielen, G. H., additional, Muehlen, A. z., additional, Hubert, C., additional, Ding, Y., additional, Toledo, C., additional, Paddison, P., additional, Olson, J., additional, Nandhabalan, M., additional, Bjerke, L., additional, Bax, D., additional, Carvalho, D., additional, Bajrami, I., additional, Ashworth, A., additional, Lord, C., additional, Hargrave, D., additional, Reis, R., additional, Workman, P., additional, Little, S., additional, Popov, S., additional, Jury, A., additional, Burford, A., additional, Doey, L., additional, Al-Sarraj, S., additional, Jurgensmeier, J., additional, Chen, L., additional, Kozarewa, I., additional, Baker, S., additional, Perryman, L., additional, Box, G., additional, Raynaud, F., additional, Eccles, S., additional, Viana-Pereira, M., additional, Pereira, M., additional, Forshew, T., additional, Tatevossian, R., additional, Sheer, D., additional, Pimental, J., additional, Pires, M., additional, Sarkar, C., additional, Jha, P., additional, Patrick, I. R. P., additional, Somasundaram, K., additional, Pathak, P., additional, Sharma, M. C., additional, Suri, V., additional, Suri, A., additional, Gerges, N., additional, Haque, T., additional, Nantel, A., additional, Lee, C., additional, Chen, J., additional, Venugopal, C., additional, Singhal, A., additional, Dunham, C., additional, Kerr, J., additional, Verreault, M., additional, Wakimoto, H., additional, Jayanthan, A., additional, Narendran, A., additional, Singh, S., additional, Giraud, G., additional, Holm, S., additional, Gustavsson, B., additional, Kizyma, R., additional, Kizyma, Z., additional, Dvornyak, L., additional, Kotsay, B., additional, Epari, S., additional, Sharma, P., additional, Gurav, M., additional, Gupta, T., additional, Shetty, P., additional, Moiyadi, A., additional, Kane, S., additional, and Jalali, R., additional
Published: 2012
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32. Surgery and adjuvant dendritic cell-based tumour vaccination for patients with relapsed malignant glioma, a feasibility study

Author: Rutkowski, S, primary, De Vleeschouwer, S, additional, Kaempgen, E, additional, Wolff, J E A, additional, Kühl, J, additional, Demaerel, P, additional, Warmuth-Metz, M, additional, Flamen, P, additional, Van Calenbergh, F, additional, Plets, C, additional, Sörensen, N, additional, Opitz, A, additional, and Van Gool, S W, additional
Published: 2004
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33. The combination of anti-B7 monoclonal antibody and cyclosporin A induces alloantigen-specific anergy during a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Author: Van Gool, S W, primary, de Boer, M, additional, and Ceuppens, J L, additional
Published: 1994
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34. Trisomy 7 and trisomy 10 characterize subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in kidney tumors and in the surrounding kidney tissue.

Author: Dal Cin, P., primary, Aly, M. S., additional, Delabie, J., additional, Ceuppens, J. L., additional, Van Gool, S., additional, Van Damme, B., additional, Baert, L., additional, Van Poppel, H., additional, and Van den Berghe, H., additional
Published: 1992
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35. Dysphagia lusoria caused by a right-sided aorta.

Author: De Caluwe, E., Verhaegen, S., Van Roey, G., Janssens, J., and Van Gool, S.
Published: 2012

36. Disease- and treatment-related elevation of the neurodegenerative marker tau in children with hematological malignancies.

Author: Van Gool, S W, Van Kerschaver, E, Brock, P, Pottel, H, Hulstaert, F, Vanmechelen, E, Uyttebroeck, A, Van De Voorde, A, and Vanderstichele, H
Subjects: *LEUKEMIA, *NEUROTOXICOLOGY, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid
Abstract: Children acquire neuropsychologic dysfunctions after chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy. In this study, putative changes in levels of CSF-tau (a marker of neural dysintegrity) in leukemic children prior to and during chemotherapy were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained before and during treatment from patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 10), non-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/NHL (non-B-ALL, n = 48), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 9), other malignant diseases (n = 9), and six control children. A sandwich-type ELISA (INNOTEST hTAU-Ag) was used for measuring CSF-tau. Sixteen out of 50 patients with hematological malignancies, including the patients with proven leukemic CNS invasion, already showed high CSF-tau levels at baseline (>300 pg/ml). The pre-induction treatment for non-B-ALL, consisting of only corticosteroids and methotrexate (MTX), resulted in a significant increase of tau at day 8 (on average to 535 pg/ml). Larger increases as compared to baseline levels of CSF-tau were observed in patients treated for B-NHL with systemic vincristine, corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, and intrathecal MTX (mean 776 pg/ml at day 8). In two AML patients with CNS invasion, CSF-tau increased during chemotherapy up to 1,500 and 948 pg/ml, respectively. In one non-B-ALL patient with MTX-induced clinical neurotoxicity, CSF-tau was above the detection limit of 2,000 pg/ml. Almost one-third of the patients with hematological malignancies had elevated CSF-tau levels at diagnosis. Transient high levels of CSF-tau, reaching levels observed in other neurodegenerative disorders, were observed during induction chemotherapy for non-B-ALL, B-NHL and CNS+ AML. The clinical implications of both observations will be the subject of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2000
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37. CD57+/CD28- T cells in untreated hemato-oncological patients are expanded and display a Th1-type cytokine secretion profile, ex vivo cytolytic activity and enhanced tendency to apoptosis.

Author: Van den Hove, L E, Van Gool, S W, Vandenberghe, P, Boogaerts, M A, and Ceuppens, J L
Subjects: *CYTOKINES, *T cells, *APOPTOSIS
Abstract: Three-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping revealed significant increases of CD57+ and CD28- cells among both circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of untreated hemato-oncological patients (n = 54) as compared to healthy donors (n = 55), with CD57 and CD28 expression on the patients' T cells being largely reciprocal. Marked expansion of CD57+ cells among circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes was frequently detected in patients with chronic leukemia of B cell origin (B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia) but not in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, suggesting a causal relation with the tumor's major histocompatibility complex class II expression. Using immunomagnetic separation techniques, we further demonstrate that the patients' CD57+/CD28- T cells display a typical Th1-type cytokine secretion profile upon anti-CD3 stimulation, with a markedly higher secretion of the Th1-type cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha than their CD57-/CD28+ counterparts. Cytotoxic activity of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes, measured ex vivo in an anti-CD3-redirected assay, was almost exclusively exerted by the CD57+/CD28- subset. Moreover, a marked cytotoxic activity was detected within CD4+CD57+ T cells from some B-CLL patients. Finally, the patients' CD57+/CD28- T cells displayed an increased tendency to apoptosis in culture. Collectively, our results indicate that the expanded CD57+/CD28- T cells in hemato-oncological patients represent differentiated effector cells, similar to their (quantitatively minor) counterpart in healthy donors. The reason for their expansion and their pathophysiologic significance, however, remains unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1998
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38. Expression of B7-2 (CD86) molecules by Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease.

Author: Van Gool, S W, Delabie, J, Vandenberghe, P, Coorevits, L, De Wolf-Peeters, C, and Ceuppens, J L
Subjects: *HODGKIN'S disease, *TUMOR immunology, *T cells
Abstract: Ligation of CD28 on T cells with its natural ligands B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) provides a major costimulatory signal for T cells and is of potential importance for tumor rejection. We previously reported a strong expression of B7-1 on Reed-Sternberg cells and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. We report here our findings on B7-2 expression by malignant lymphomas (n = 70). B7-2 was present on the neoplastic cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma in two of three cases studied, and on a subpopulation of the malignant cells in one out of four cases of follicular lymphoma. B7-2 was not expressed by the neoplastic cells of the other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 32), including T cell-rich B cell lymphoma. In contrast, Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease are strongly positive for B7-2 (n = 31). Evidence for a functional correlate of this expression was obtained by our findings that the combination of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibodies was more effective than each separately in blocking allogeneic T cell activation (proliferation and cytokine secretion) by Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines as stimulators. The possible role of B7-1 and B7-2 expression for the course and symptomatology of Hodgkin's disease is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1997
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39. CD40 triggering of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells results in efficient alloantigen presentation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction by up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules.

Author: Van den Hove, L E, Van Gool, S W, Vandenberghe, P, Bakkus, M, Thielemans, K, Boogaerts, M A, and Ceuppens, J L
Subjects: *LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia, *B cells
Abstract: Freshly collected chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells (B-CLL cells) are known to be inefficient at stimulating allogeneic T cells, and to lack significant expression of B7 (CD80 and CD86) costimulatory molecules. We investigated the potential of CD40 triggering to up-regulate the expression of adhesion and costimulatory molecules on B-CLL cells, and to enhance their immunogenicity towards allogeneic T cells. B-CLL cells cocultured with human CD40 ligand-expressing mouse fibroblasts rapidly up-regulated CD54 and CD58 adhesion molecules and B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) costimulatory molecules, and acquired a strong stimulatory capacity towards CD4+ as well as isolated CD8+ allogeneic T cells. Costimulation by both CD80 and CD86 proved critical for allogeneic T cell proliferation and CD25 and HLA-DR expression, since these were strongly inhibited by anti-CD80 or anti-CD86 monoclonal antibodies, and completely abrogated by CTLA4-Ig fusion protein, which blocks both CD80 and CD86. B7 costimulation also proved critical for restimulation of primed B-CLL-reactive T cells. Most importantly, priming of purified CD8+ T cells with CD40-triggered allogeneic B-CLL cells resulted in cytotoxic activity against the unstimulated B-CLL cells. These findings raise the possibility that CD40 triggering of B-CLL cells might be exploited in immunotherapeutic protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1997
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40. Effects of co-stimulation by CD58 on human T cell cytokine production: a selective cytokine pattern with induction of high IL-10 production.

Author: Bullens, D M, Rafiq, K, Charitidou, L, Peng, X, Kasran, A, Warmerdam, P A, Van Gool, S W, and Ceuppens, J L
Abstract: CD58 is the ligand for the CD2 molecule on human T cells and has been shown to provide a co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation. However, its physiological role is still unclear. We studied the effects of co-stimulation by CD58 on the production of T(h)1-type (IL-2- and IFN-gamma) or T(h)2 type (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) cytokines in an in vitro culture system of purified human T cells with CD58-transfected P815 cells and with anti-CD3 as the primary stimulus. Co-stimulation of T cells by CD58 potently induced IL-10 and IFN-gamma production (at the protein and at the mRNA level), and transforming growth factor-ss production (at the mRNA level), comparable to what can be found in CD80 co-stimulated T cell cultures. In contrast, we found low to absent IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production after CD58 co-stimulation, and this was not due to suppressive effects of endogenously produced IL-10. CD80 co-stimulation strongly induced all these cytokines. Intracellular staining for cytokine expression revealed the existence of a T cell subpopulation induced by CD58 co-stimulation to produce both IFN-gamma and IL-10. We furthermore found that the selective cytokine profile induced by CD58 co-stimulation is further accentuated by rIL-12 and by rIFN-alpha. Using cyclosporin A as an inhibitor of the calcineurin enzyme, we could show that production of all cytokines in this system is calcium dependent. CD58 co-stimulation thus induces a cytokine pattern corresponding to that described for T regulatory (T(r)) 1 cells and to the pattern reported to be induced by the newly identified B7 family member, B7-H1.
Published: 2001
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41. B7-CD28 interaction is a late acting co-stimulatory signal for human T cell responses.

Author: Zhang, Y Q, Joost van Neerven, R J, Van Gool, S W, Coorevits, L, de Boer, M, and Ceuppens, J L
Abstract: The interaction of CD28 with one of the B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) on professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) is generally considered as the most important co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation. APC in a resting condition express either no or only low levels of B7 molecules. These are up-regulated as a result of interactions with activated T cells, thus suggesting that B7-CD28 interaction is not required at initiation of T cell activation. To study this issue, we blocked B7-CD28 interaction at various time points after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood T cells with allogeneic monocytes. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells or soluble antigens. We observed that T cell proliferation and IL-2 production were inhibited by B7-blocking agents (CTLA-4-Ig or anti-B7 mAb) almost to the same degree when added either at initiation of culture or 24 h later. B7-blocking agents still resulted in significant inhibition of allogeneic T cell activation when added after 48 h. Furthermore, when CTLA-4-Ig was added at the start of an allogeneic T cell stimulation, addition of anti-CD28 mAb after 24 h of culture nearly fully restored T cell proliferation to control levels. Finally, we demonstrate that delayed addition of B7-blocking agents together with cyclosporin A 1 day after the onset of culture of T cells with allogeneic B cells is highly efficient to induce energy as evaluated by lack of proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivity and IFN-gamma or IL-5 production upon alloantigen rechallenge. Taken together, our data can explain why B7 expression on APC is not required at the time of initial APC-T cell contact, and suggest that the effect of the CD28 signal indeed consists in prolonging IL-2 production and amplifying T cell responses, rather than in providing a critical co-stimulatory signal at the time of initial TCR triggering.
Published: 1997
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42. Immunotherapy with subcutaneous immunogenic autologous lysate against glioblastoma : Immunotherapie met subcutaan immunogeen autoloog tumor lysaat tegen glioblastomen

Author: Belmans, J, Locquet, J-P, Van Gool, S, and Bullens, D
Abstract: Being diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) is related to a grim future, with patients showing a median overall survival of less than 15 months despite intensive radio- and chemotherapy. As a consequence, the scientific community is searching for adjuvant treatment modalities that might improve the outcome of this devastating disease. In this regard, immunotherapy has gained great interest. One immunotherapeutic strategy uses dendritic cells (DCs) to generate an anti-tumor response induced by the patient's own immune system. This DC-based active immunotherapy consists of two groups using either ex vivo grown DCs or in vivo targeting of these cells. The latter condition might be preferred because of efficiency, variable response rates of ex vivo grown DCs plus limited migration to lymphoid tissue, as well as practical and economic reasons (time-consuming, labour-intensive process requiring sterile handling leading to an expensive vaccine). In order to induce a broader immune response against the cancer cells and because of the strong heterogeneity of these tumors, whole tumor cell lysate is being preferred as an antigenic source in glioma. Moreover, we were wondering if the tumor lysate vaccination could benefit from the implementation of nanoparticles (NPs) in this treatment. These small particles are able to improve DC immunotherapy for example by their variable physicochemical properties, by combining antigen and adjuvant internalisation and by rendering the opportunity to target DCs in vivo. To achieve this goal, a nanovaccine was generated by surface loading polystyrene NPs with whole tumor lysate and this way aiming for a passive targeting of DCs following subcutaneous injection. Based on the knowledge our research group obtained concerning the strength of the immunogenic signature of our lysate product, we investigated the potential effect and immune mechanisms of naked autologous immunogenic tumor lysate and lysate-NP conjugates, without the addition of DCs or adjuvants, to treat GBM in a preclinical mouse model. Following proof of antigen internalisation by DCs in vitro and subsequent antigen processing and presentation, a positive survival effect in preclinical murine glioma models was observed by subcutaneous lysate injections. Next, the process of nanovaccine generation was started by stably conjugating lysate to the surface of NPs. Following an optimisation process which judged size, antigen conjugation, in vitro DC internalisation and, in a limited manner, toxicity, the most ideal nanovaccine composition was tested in the glioma mouse models. Comparable results as for autologous lysate treatment were observed, showing survival benefit of subcutaneous nanovaccine administrations. In both treatment modalities, the immune response was characterized by an increase of T cells and a diminished immune suppression in the brain, with the induction of a tumor-specific immunological memory. Finally, combinatorial treatment strategies of autologous lysate vaccination or nanovaccine with TMZ chemotherapy lead to ameliorated survival outcome in glioma-bearing mice. The presented work demonstrated that subcutaneous injection of autologous whole tumor lysate can dose-dependently initiate an immune response that suppresses tumor growth of gliomas. The effectiveness of lysate treatment for gliomas offers a time and cost-effective approach in comparison to DC therapy, and thus it should be considered as a potential adjuvant treatment for glioma. With the nanovaccine research we aimed for a feasibility proof-of-concept study for using lysate-loaded NPs in the treatment of GBM that can be expanded in future. Further optimisation of a nanovaccine e.g. by co-delivery of antigens and immune adjuvants or active targeting of DCs, might be the future for autologous lysate vaccination. status: published
Published: 2019

43. Molecular and Translational Classifications of DAMPs in Immunogenic Cell Death

Author: Abhishek D Garg, Lorenzo eGalluzzi, Lionel eApetoh, Thais eBaert, Raymond B Birge, Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro, Karine eBreckpot, David eBrough, Ricardo eChaurio, Mara eCirone, An eCoosemans, Pierre G Coulie, Dirk eDe Ruysscher, Luciana eDini, Peter ede Witte, Aleksandra M Dudek-Peric, Alberto eFaggioni, Jitka eFucikova, Udo S Gaipl, Jakub eGolab, Marie-Lise eGougeon, Michael R Hamblin, Akseli eHemminki, Martin eHerrmann, James W. Hodge, Oliver eKepp, Guido eKroemer, Dmitri V Krysko, Walter G Land, Frank eMadeo, Angelo A. Manfredi, Stephen R. Mattarollo, Christian eMaueroder, Nicolò eMerendino, Gabriele eMulthoff, Thomas ePabst, Jean-Ehrland eRicci, Chiara eRiganti, Erminia eRomano, Nicole eRufo, Mark J. Smyth, Jürgen eSonnemann, Radek eSpisek, John eStagg, Erika eVacchelli, Peter eVandenabeele, Lien eVandenberk, Benoit J Van Den Eynde, Stefaan Willy Van Gool, Francesca eVelotti, Laurence eZitvogel, Patrizia eAgostinis, Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology (TCB) Research Programme, Medicum, Transplantation Laboratory, Garg, Ad, Galluzzi, L, Apetoh, L, Baert, T, Birge, Rb, Bravo San Pedro, Jm, Breckpot, K, Brough, D, Chaurio, R, Cirone, M, Coosemans, A, Coulie, Pg, De Ruysscher, D, Dini, L, de Witte, P, Dudek Peric, Am, Faggioni, A, Fucikova, J, Gaipl, U, Golab, J, Gougeon, Ml, Hamblin, Mr, Hemminki, A, Herrmann, M, Hodge, Jw, Kepp, O, Kroemer, G, Krysko, Dv, Land, Wg, Madeo, F, Manfredi, ANGELO ANDREA M. A., Mattarollo, Sr, Maueroder, C, Merendino, N, Multhoff, G, Pabst, T, Ricci, Je, Riganti, C, Romano, E, Rufo, N, Smyth, Mj, Sonnemann, J, Spisek, R, Stagg, J, Vacchelli, E, Vandenabeele, P, Vandenberk, L, Van den Eynde, Bj, Van Gool, S, Velotti, F, Zitvogel, L, Agostinis, P., Dini, Luciana, Manfredi, Aa, Medicine and Pharmacy academic/administration, Laboratory of Molecullar and Cellular Therapy, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Chemistry, and UCL - SSS/DDUV - Institut de Duve
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, APOPTOTIC CALRETICULIN EXPOSURE, anti-tumor immunity, immunogenicity, PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, 0302 clinical medicine, translational medicine, oncoimmunology, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Medicine, Anti-tumor immunity, Immunogenicity, Immunotherapy, Molecular medicine, Oncoimmunology, Patient prognosis, Translational medicine, Immunology, 0303 health sciences, immunotherapy, molecular medicine, patient prognosis, RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN DIMER, Classification, ddc, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunogenic cell death, Molecular Medicine, ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE-II, HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, ANTICANCER IMMUNE-RESPONSES, 3122 Cancers, 610 Medicine & health, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, HUMAN TUMOR-CELLS, FORMYL PEPTIDE RECEPTORS, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES, Dendritic cell, NEGATIVE BREAST-CANCER, Cancer cell, molecular dicine, 3111 Biomedicine, business, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract: The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, checkpoint-blocking therapies, and adoptive T-cell transfer, researchers have started to focus on the overall immunobiology of neoplastic cells. It is now clear that cancer cells can succumb to some anticancer therapies by undergoing a peculiar form of cell death that is characterized by an increased immunogenic potential, owing to the emission of the so-called "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs). The emission of DAMPs and other immunostimulatory factors by cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) favors the establishment of a productive interface with the immune system. This results in the elicitation of tumor-targeting immune responses associated with the elimination of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells, as well as with the establishment of immunological memory. Although ICD has been characterized with increased precision since its discovery, several questions remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize and tabulate the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of ICD, in an attempt to capture the essence of this phenomenon, and identify future challenges for this rapidly expanding field of investigation. ispartof: Frontiers in Immunology vol:6 issue:NOV ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
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44. Individualized Multimodal Immunotherapy (IMI): Scientific Rationale and Clinical Experience from a Single Institution.

Author: Schirrmacher V, Van Gool S, and Stuecker W
Abstract: Oncolytic viruses and combinatorial immunotherapy for cancer (this Special Issue) are both part of cancer treatment at IOZK. This review focusses on an individual multimodal cancer immunotherapy concept developed by IOZK, Cologne, Germany. The scientific rationale for employing three main components is explained: (i) oncolytic Newcastle disease virus, (ii) modulated electrohyperthermia and (iii) individual tumor antigen and oncolytic virus modified dendritic cell vaccine (IO-VAC R ). The strategy involves repeated cancer-immunity cycles evoked in cancer patients by systemic oncolytic virus exposure plus hyperthermia pretreatment to induce immunogenic cell death followed by intradermal IO-VAC R vaccination. As an example of the experience at IOZK, we present the latest results from combining the immunotherapy with standard treatment of patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme. The promising clinical results in terms of overall survival benefit of additional individualized multimodal immunotherapy are presented. The cancer-immunity cycle, as introduced 10 years ago, describes key important steps occurring locally at the sites of both tumor and draining lymph nodes. This view is extended here towards systemic events occuring in blood where immunogenic cell death-induced tumor antigens are transported into the bone marrow. For 20 years it has been known that bone marrow is an antigen-responsive organ in which dendritic cells present tumor antigens to T cells leading to immunological synapse formation, tumor antigen-specific T cell activation and memory T cell formation. Bone marrow is known to be the most prominent source of de novo cellular generation in the body and to play an important role for the storage and maintenance of immunological memory. Its systemic activation is recommended to augment cancer-immunity cycles.
Published: 2024
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45. Impact of ERCP simulator training on early ERCP learning curves of novice trainees: a cohort study.

Author: van der Wiel SE, Rauws E, Van Gool S, Wang D, Hu B, Kylanpaa L, Webster GJM, James M, Koch AD, and Bruno M
Abstract: Background and study aim Simulator-based training has been extensively studied in training gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy and shown to significantly improve learning curves of novices. Data on simulator-based training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are scarce. We aimed to determine the impact of 2-day intensive hands-on simulator training on the course of the learning curve of novice trainees. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using a validated mechanical ERCP simulator (Boškoski-Costamagna ERCP Trainer). Six trainees were allocated to the simulation course program (SG). Each of these trainees were paired with an endoscopy trainee starting regular ERCP training at the same center who had no exposure to a simulation course program (control group; CG). The course included lectures, live ERCP demonstrations, and hands-on ERCP training to educate trainees in basic techniques related to cannulation, stent placement, stone extraction and stricture management. After the course, both the SG and CG started formal ERCP training in their respective centers. The Rotterdam Assessment Form for ERCP was used to register each performed ERCP. Simple moving average was applied to create learning curves based on successful common bile duct (CBD) cannulation. Outcomes were plotted against a historical cohort (HC). Results Thirteen trainees were included, six trainees in the SG and seven trainees in the CG, with a total of 717 ERCPs. Mean successful ERCP cannulation rate was higher for the simulator group at baseline compared to both CG and HC, 64% versus 43% and 42%, respectively. Differences became less explicit after 40 ERCPs, but persisted until a median of 75 ERCPs. Conclusions We demonstrate that 2-day hands-on simulator-based ERCP training course has a positive effect on the learning curves of ERCP trainees and should be considered an integral part of the training curricula for ERCP to develop skills prior to patient-based training., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest S.E. van der Wiel: no conflicts of interest. E.A.J. Rauws, no conflicts of interest. S. Van Gool, no conflicts of interest. D. Wang, no conflict of interest. Bing Hu, no conflicts of interest. L. Kylänpää: no conflicts of interest. G.J. Webster: no conflict of interest. M.W. James: no conflict of interest. A.D. Koch: no conflicts of interest. M.J. Bruno: Consultant, support for industry and investigator initiated studies Cook Medical and Boston Scientific. Support for investigator initiated studies from Pentax, Mylan and 3M., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Published: 2023
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46. Individualized Multimodal Immunotherapy for Adults with IDH1 Wild-Type GBM: A Single Institute Experience.

Author: Van Gool SW, Makalowski J, Van de Vliet P, Van Gool S, Sprenger T, Schirrmacher V, and Stuecker W
Abstract: Synergistic activity between maintenance temozolomide (TMZm) and individualized multimodal immunotherapy (IMI) during/after first-line treatment has been suggested to improve the overall survival (OS) of adults with IDH1 wild-type MGMT promoter-unmethylated (unmeth) GBM. We expand the data and include the OS of MGMT promoter-methylated (meth) adults with GBM. Unmeth (10 f, 18 m) and meth (12 f, 10 m) patients treated between 27 May 2015 and 1 January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. There were no differences in age (median: 48 y) or Karnofsky performance index (median: 80). The IMI consisted of 5-day immunogenic cell death (ICD) therapies during TMZm: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) bolus injections and sessions of modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT); subsequent active specific immunotherapy: dendritic cell (DC) vaccines plus modulatory immunotherapy; and maintenance ICD therapy. There were no differences in the number of vaccines (median: 2), total number of DCs (median: 25.6 × 10 6 ), number of NDV injections (median: 31), and number of mEHT sessions (median: 28) between both groups. The median OS of 28 unmeth patients was 22 m (2y-OS: 39%), confirming previous results. OS of 22 meth patients was significantly better ( p = 0.0414) with 38 m (2y-OS: 81%). There were no major treatment-related adverse reactions. The addition of IMI during/after standard of care should be prospectively explored., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Published: 2023
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47. The influence of various endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system.

Author: Czarnywojtek A, Borowska M, Dyrka K, Moskal J, Kościński J, Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Lewandowska AM, Abou Hjeily B, Gut P, Hoffmann K, Van Gool S, Sawicka-Gutaj N, and Ruchała M
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Male, Female, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Tobacco Smoking adverse effects, Cannabinoids adverse effects, Ethanol adverse effects, Nicotine adverse effects, Endocrine Disruptors adverse effects, Gonads drug effects
Abstract: Various stimulants (VS) are chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system - endocrine homeostasis of the reproductive system - which also known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These substances are found in the human body, in both the blood and urine, amniotic fluid, or, among others, the adipose tissue. This article presents the current state of knowledge of the effect of EDCs and additional factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis on the gonads. The article is an overview of the impact of EDCs and their mechanism of action, with particular emphasis on gonads, based on databases such as PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar, and Web of Science available until May 2022. The impact of human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is not fully understood, but it has been shown that phthalates show a negative correlation in anti-androgenic activity in the case of men and women for the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Smoking cigarettes and passive exposure to tobacco have a huge impact on the effects of endocrine disorders in both women and men, especially during the reproductive time. Also, the use of large amounts of cannabinoids during the reproductive years can lead to similar disorders. It has been documented that excessive alcohol consumption leads to disturbed function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG). Excess caffeine consumption may adversely affect male reproductive function, although this is not fully proven. Therefore, the following publication presents various stimulants (BPA, phthalates, nicotine, alcohol, cannabis) that disrupt the function of the endocrine system and, in particular, affect the function of the gonads.
Published: 2023
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48. Counteracting Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment by Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus and Cellular Immunotherapy.

Author: Schirrmacher V, van Gool S, and Stuecker W
Subjects: Humans, Mice, Animals, Newcastle disease virus, Tumor Microenvironment, Mice, SCID, Mice, Inbred NOD, Immunotherapy methods, Immunosuppression Therapy, Oncolytic Viruses genetics, Oncolytic Viruses metabolism, Oncolytic Virotherapy methods, Neoplasms therapy
Abstract: An apparent paradox exists between the evidence for spontaneous systemic T cell- mediated anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients, observed particularly in their bone marrow, and local tumor growth in the periphery. This phenomenon, known as "concomitant immunity" suggests that the local tumor and its tumor microenvironment (TME) prevent systemic antitumor immunity to become effective. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an agent with inherent anti-neoplastic and immune stimulatory properties, is capable of breaking therapy resistance and immunosuppression. This review updates latest information about immunosuppression by the TME and discusses mechanisms of how oncolytic viruses, in particular NDV, and cellular immunotherapy can counteract the immunosuppressive effect of the TME. With regard to cellular immunotherapy, the review presents pre-clinical studies of post-operative active-specific immunotherapy and of adoptive T cell-mediated therapy in immunocompetent mice. Memory T cell (MTC) transfer in tumor challenged T cell-deficient nu/nu mice demonstrates longevity and functionality of these cells. Graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) studies in mice demonstrate complete remission of late-stage disease including metastases and cachexia. T cell based immunotherapy studies with human cells in human tumor xenotransplanted NOD/SCID mice demonstrate superiority of bone marrow-derived as compared to blood-derived MTCs. Results from clinical studies presented include vaccination studies using two different types of NDV-modified cancer vaccine and a pilot adoptive T-cell mediated therapy study using re-activated bone marrow-derived cancer-reactive MTCs. As an example for what can be expected from clinical immunotherapy against tumors with an immunosuppressive TME, results from vaccination studies are presented from the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme. The last decades of basic research in virology, oncology and immunology can be considered as a success story. Based on discoveries of these research areas, translational research and clinical studies have changed the way of treatment of cancer by introducing and including immunotherapy.
Published: 2022
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49. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to an eroded gastrosplenic collateral lately after splenic artery embolization.

Author: Van Thillo A, Buyck PJ, Van Gool S, Croonen C, and Maleux G
Abstract: Background: Upper gastrointestinal, non-variceal haemorrhage can be related to various etiologies, including peptic ulcer, neoplasm, gastritis, Dieulafoy lesions and other, rare underlying diseases. Here, we describe another, yet unreported etiology of gastric bleeding., Case Presentation: A 49-year-old man presented with melena; gastroscopy revealed blood in the stomach without active bleeding source. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a cluster of enlarged gastrosplenic arterial collaterals in the gastric wall and coils in the splenic artery, related to an embolization procedure 30-years ago for splenic trauma. Definitive treatment included catheter-directed glue embolization of the left gastric artery and the enlarged gastrosplenic collaterals. The postinterventional course was uneventful and no recurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was noted after 6 months of follow-up., Conclusions: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with eroded gastrosplenic collaterals, related to previous splenic artery embolization, can be successfully treated with glue-embolization., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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50. Stem cells-derived natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: current protocols, feasibility, and benefits of ex vivo generated natural killer cells in treatment of advanced solid tumors.

Author: Khodayari H, Khodayari S, Ebrahimi E, Hadjilooei F, Vesovic M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Saric T, Stücker W, Van Gool S, Hescheler J, and Nayernia K
Subjects: Animals, Cytokines immunology, Humans, Immunotherapy methods, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms therapy, Stem Cells immunology
Abstract: Nowadays, natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy provides a practical therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced solid tumors (STs). This approach is adaptively conducted by the autologous and identical NK cells after in vitro expansion and overnight activation. However, the NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy has been faced with some fundamental and technical limitations. Moreover, the desirable outcomes of the NK cell therapy may not be achieved due to the complex tumor microenvironment by inhibition of intra-tumoral polarization and cytotoxicity of implanted NK cells. Currently, stem cells (SCs) technology provides a powerful opportunity to generate more effective and universal sources of the NK cells. Till now, several strategies have been developed to differentiate types of the pluripotent and adult SCs into the mature NK cells, with both feeder layer-dependent and/or feeder laye-free strategies. Higher cytokine production and intra-tumoral polarization capabilities as well as stronger anti-tumor properties are the main features of these SCs-derived NK cells. The present review article focuses on the principal barriers through the conventional NK cell immunotherapies for patients with advanced STs. It also provides a comprehensive resource of protocols regarding the generation of SCs-derived NK cells in an ex vivo condition., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2021
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