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The article is a review of the book by A.S. Breslavsky Suburbanization and the Future of Russian Cities: An Introduction (Moscow: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives; 2024. 170 p.). The author briefly presents an overview and interesting examples of regional forms and various ways of suburbanization, since the book is an introduction to this subject field. The author focuses not on details (figures and illustrations) but on the systematization of knowledge and data - the book includes an extensive reference list, allowing all interested readers to continue studies of suburbanization.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence, associated risk factors, and the influence of urbanization on the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design to survey residents aged 50 and older in the Beichen community, Tianjin. Participants underwent thorough examinations, including questionnaire surveys, laboratory blood tests, eye assessments, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. DR was diagnosed using the retinopathy severity scale from fundus photographs based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification system. DME was identified through medical history records and OCT evaluations. In this study, we analyzed and assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with DR and DME. Results: The study included 5,648 participants, and 1,182 of these were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the diabetic individuals, the prevalence of DR was 28.8%. Among the eyes of those diagnosed with DR, 37.12% had mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 54.81% had moderate NPDR, 6.35% (33 eyes) showed severe NPDR, and 1.73% had proliferative DR (PDR). The prevalence of DME among diabetic patients was 14.13%. Age was negatively correlated with DR (OR, 0.924), while blood glucose levels (OR, 1.123) and the duration of diabetes (OR, 1.090) were positively correlated. Additionally, blood glucose levels (OR, 1.121) and the duration of diabetes (OR, 1.070) were positively associated with DME. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of DR and DME was high in the Beichen District of Tianjin than in other parts of China. Maintaining effective glycemic control is the most important modifiable factor in reducing the risk of DR and DME progression and minimizing the risk of vision loss.

The paper aims to promote a model for determining residential land prices within a suburb of Hue city, Vietnam to improve the efficiency of land price determination and management. The study conducted surveys of 27 variables of 200 residential land plots in order to run the hedonic model using SPSS 26.0 software. The result developed a model that explained 78% of the change in land prices by incorporating five factors: area of land, width of road attached to the land plot, distance to hospital, ability to generate cash flow and planning information. Meanwhile, the writers also produced a map of residential land prices in the 2022 suburban areas of Hue city, Vietnam. This is a helpful tool in land market consulting and land valuation procedures.

This article explores practical aspects of the compact city agenda as it applies to the ongoing densification of car-dependent suburbs, focusing on Melbourne, Australia. While the idea of compact cities has widespread policy support globally, debate continues regarding the negotiation of compact urban form and its implications for issues like overcrowding, tree canopy, waterways, urban heat, and so forth. Irrespective of the debate, Australian cities are experiencing rapid urban infill, with all areas becoming denser. Some areas of strategic attention afford master planning and planning forethought; however, most of the land in these cities, and at least half of the dwellings being redeveloped, has suburban form, with little or no strategic planning consideration, despite doubling and, in some cases, tripling population density into the future. Significantly, many areas are or will soon achieve population densities that can support vibrant commercial centers, but with little capacity or interest in top-down planning for adding necessary amenities and services. This article shows how, with minimal effort, planning authorities could subtly alter land use planning to allow incremental, but planned, growth of commercial areas, create the destinations the suburbs need to make them vibrant, and deliver less car-dependent local centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes varied place attachments manifested in public (communal) places in the two socioeconomically weakest suburbs of the city of Jyväskylä in central Finland. We conducted ethnographic research and observations, interviewed local experts on their views of the suburbs, and analyzed discourses from various places where residents' experiences of identity and social relations are connected to residential and community attachment. Our results show a strong connection to place evolving in both suburbs through bonds to the physical and the social environment. The local experts reported social connectedness and sense of belonging among the residents of both suburbs. The strength of the suburbs resided in a community spirit manifested in public places (community centers, local natural beauty spots, and recreational spaces). Residents are attached to their nearby natural environment and specific places in both suburbs. Attachment to place is undermined by negative media influence and by public discourse highlighting social segregation and insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study discussed the urban expansion in Qudsaya Suburb during the time period (2004 - 2021 AD), in which the study period was divided into two stages, each had its own demographic and urban specificity, using several quantitative approaches and methods such as the descriptive analytical approach, and the cartographic method through the use of geographic information systems (GIS) applications in analyzing the dynamics of urbanization in Qudsaya Suburb during the two stages of the study. The study relied on three satellite images from the Landsat7_ETM satellite dating back to the years (2004 _ 2010 _ 2021), and statistical method that was used in data processing by several demographic and urban indicators, for example LCRPGR, Land Use Efficiency, UGC, and UEDI. A set of results were reached, the most important of which are: the spatial expansion of the built-up areas in Qudsaya Suburb, that led to a rapid urban transformation from empty lands to an occupied urban space. The area of ​​the general urban mass increased by (28.5%) during the study period. The Urban sprawl was densification according to the UGC index, as its value amounted to less than (1) during the two stages. The results of the previous measures also demonstrated the efficiency of regional and spatial planning in the study area by approaching a state of balance between population and urban growth rates.

The promotion of physical activity and well-being calls for sociological knowledge of the factors that constrain individual's activities, especially among disadvantaged populations. We investigated perceived barriers to physical activity and their associations with social background factors within the theoretical framework of social space. Survey data (n = 302) were collected from adult residents in two low socioeconomic status city suburbs in Finland and examined using binary logistic regression analysis, multiple correspondence analysis and variance analysis. The most prevalent barriers among adults were low mood, lack of time, health problems and lack of companions. A data-driven classification of the barriers showed that an accumulation of barriers was associated with nondomestic native language, single parenting, age 30–44 years and low household income. Perceiving personal barriers, as opposed to environmental barriers, was characterised by retirement, low household income, low physical activity level and domestic native language. The results support the following deduction: to reduce inequalities in access to physical activity, policies should focus on sports service delivery that aims at the removal of barriers to physical activity, especially social and personal barriers. Deepening this understanding requires not only further development of relevant theory and empirical research into the different social spaces of physical activity but also close dialog with welfare policy decision makers and sports service planners.

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In the United States, most local jurisdictions are challenged as they seek to maintain fiscal strength. But majority-Black jurisdictions are uniquely burdened due to legacy and contemporary racist and racialized policies and racial capitalism. Leaders in majority-Black locales make harsher budget trade-offs than those in majority-White jurisdictions as they seek to invest in public schools and other public services. I use ethnographic and publicly available data to examine how Prince George’s County, Maryland, a majority-Black and middle-class suburban jurisdiction in the Washington, D.C., region, navigates its financial constraints relative to neighboring counties with smaller Black populations. I conclude that Black jurisdictions’ fiscal limitations stem from White jurisdictions’ not bearing their proportionate share of responsibility for moderate-income and economically distressed households and fallout from uneven regional development, resulting in Black jurisdictions subsidizing White locales.

Unprecedented urbanisation in China has profoundly reshaped the country's social-spatial structure. Owing to economic suburbanisation and urban redevelopment processes, migrants coming from rural areas are increasingly concentrated in suburbs rather than city centres. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on residential segregation between migrants and locals, and on geographical (re)structuring between the city centre and suburb. Theil's H Index is used to disaggregate the migrant segregation of each municipality into a within-suburb, a within-centre and a between-centre-suburb component. We use Census data for 258 municipalities in 2000 and 2010; we find that migrant segregation increased in this period. We ascribe this to the increasing segregation of migrants in suburban areas, which offsets the increasingly balanced distribution of migrants between the city centre and suburb. Segregation in city centres also increased slightly in this period. Unexpectedly, less economically developed municipalities, defined by their per capita GDP, tend to be more segregated than their more developed counterparts. Less developed municipalities also have a higher level of suburban employment and housing opportunities in the whole municipality, but feature more segregated suburban spaces and a polarised distribution of migrants between the centre and suburb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, most local jurisdictions are challenged as they seek to maintain fiscal strength. But majority-Black jurisdictions are uniquely burdened due to legacy and contemporary racist and racialized policies and racial capitalism. Leaders in majority-Black locales make harsher budget trade-offs than those in majority-White jurisdictions as they seek to invest in public schools and other public services. I use ethnographic and publicly available data to examine how Prince George’s County, Maryland, a majority-Black and middle-class suburban jurisdiction in the Washington, D.C., region, navigates its financial constraints relative to neighboring counties with smaller Black populations. I conclude that Black jurisdictions’ fiscal limitations stem from White jurisdictions’ not bearing their proportionate share of responsibility for moderate-income and economically distressed households and fallout from uneven regional development, resulting in Black jurisdictions subsidizing White locales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to assess the impacts of cooking and indoor air quality (IAQ) in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Here we report and compare the IAQ in considering a total of eight kitchens and living rooms of four selected households (HHs) in Jashore city and suburb area, the southwest district of Bangladesh. Air quality parameters, such as particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), were assessed continuously for 24 h. In addition, Carbon dioxide (CO2) was evaluated in different phases during the study period. PM2.5, VOC, and CO2 levels were ranged from 18.52 to 207 μg/m3, 7.95–35.66 ppm, and 1061–2459 mg/m3, respectively, in the indoor cooking HHs. Conversely, while the average concentration was found between 20.63 and 23.72 μg/m3 PM2.5, 11.18–12.36 ppm VOC, and 1097–1747 mg/m3 CO2 in the outdoor cooking HHs. A significant increase in CO2 due to kitchen activities (cooking, frying, boiling) was observed that ranged between 5 and 77% compared to the background level. The calculated range of toxicity potential (TP) values was between 0.8 and 8.3 for PM2.5 in the HHs. In most of the observations, PM2.5, VOC, and CO2 exceed the standard values. The study reports that well ventilation systems and clean fuel use significantly reduce the indoor air contaminants level. Our study offers new insights about the IAQ of the southwest region of Bangladesh, particularly for suburbs and urban setups, and provides a background for further study, and decision-making. It will serve as a reference for the formulation and implementation of policies to improve air quality.

Copyright of Revista Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura is the property of Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence, associated risk factors, and the influence of urbanization on the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME)., Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design to survey residents aged 50 and older in the Beichen community, Tianjin. Participants underwent thorough examinations, including questionnaire surveys, laboratory blood tests, eye assessments, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. DR was diagnosed using the retinopathy severity scale from fundus photographs based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification system. DME was identified through medical history records and OCT evaluations. In this study, we analyzed and assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with DR and DME., Results: The study included 5,648 participants, and 1,182 of these were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the diabetic individuals, the prevalence of DR was 28.8%. Among the eyes of those diagnosed with DR, 37.12% had mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 54.81% had moderate NPDR, 6.35% (33 eyes) showed severe NPDR, and 1.73% had proliferative DR (PDR). The prevalence of DME among diabetic patients was 14.13%. Age was negatively correlated with DR (OR, 0.924), while blood glucose levels (OR, 1.123) and the duration of diabetes (OR, 1.090) were positively correlated. Additionally, blood glucose levels (OR, 1.121) and the duration of diabetes (OR, 1.070) were positively associated with DME., Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of DR and DME was high in the Beichen District of Tianjin than in other parts of China. Maintaining effective glycemic control is the most important modifiable factor in reducing the risk of DR and DME progression and minimizing the risk of vision loss., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The bourgeoisie of the 18th century dreamed of abandoning the traditional compact city, which it considered vicious and pernicious, to colonize a space that it identified with the intrinsic goodness of nature defended by Rousseau and which it visualized as the incarnation of the lost biblical Eden. However, this initiative will profoundly alter the immaculate and untamed condition of the new habitat, which will end up transformed into a sort of fantasy that mixes and confuses the man-made landscapes of the rural world with the authentically wild landscapes of the natural world. Overcoming this confusion is a critical issue that contemporary thinking only began to consider at the end of the 20th century when humankind began to become aware of the inexorable decline of natural areas. This article attempts to point to the intrinsic value of wilderness as something distinctly different from the idea of civilisation by trying to identify contemporary initiatives to intermediate specifically between the two notions -in efforts to safeguard mountain gorilla habitat in Bwindi and in the reclamation of a wetland in the Chinese city of Qunli- and through the conceptual conflict displayed by the High Line project in New York.

Through the case study of Euclid, an inner-ring and formerly industrial suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, this paper focuses on patterns of African American suburbanization into spaces of “in-betweenness” of Midwestern suburbia. At first largely understudied at the expense of more traditional and affluent suburban spaces, yet under closer scrutiny since the 2014 Black Lives Matter uprising in Ferguson, Missouri, these suburban spaces became in the last quarter of the 20th century privileged sites for a more fragile yet mobile section of the “New Black Middle Class.” Through archival work and oral history interviews, this article seeks to document their upward-mobile journeys that began in the course of the 1970s from the center of Cleveland, sometimes elsewhere, and into Euclid. It will attempt to demonstrate more precisely the extent to which, before becoming powerful barometers of the state of racial relations in the twenty-first century United States, these suburban spaces carried at first many of the dreams and ambitions of an intermediary segment of the African American population claiming its share of material comfort and security in the post-Civil Rights era.

The deprived area of the Metzinger Valley in the city of Mahajanga has many healthcare concerns due to repeated flooding during the rainy season. Improving this health situation requires a better knowledge of the pathogens present in this area and of the risk factors favoring their propagation. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the household socioeconomic status and the presence of parasites in the faeces of children between 1 and 10 years of age in order to determine the risk factors for intestinal parasitosis. The study included 746 children, of whom 30% were infected with parasites. Entamoeba coli, a good indicator of environmental fecal contamination, was the most prevalent parasite with an observation frequency of 16.7% followed by Giardia lamblia with a prevalence of 10%. For helminths, Trichuris and Ascaris were the most prevalent respectively 5.4% and 1.8%. A large heterogeneity in the prevalence of parasites was observed from one neighborhood to another. However, multivariate analysis showed that these differences were not related to environmental factors or household structure, but rather to the economic level of the family, the education level of the mother as well as the age of the child. For example, the prevalence of Giardia decreased from 23.5% to 8% for children of mothers with little education to those with higher education, respectively. For E. coli, the prevalence is higher among poor households and school-aged children. In the frame of IRCOD project, mothers are being sensitized to hygiene and risk factors for transmission by intestinal parasites and the present study proposes a multidimensional approach as an assessment tool.

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Copyright of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade is the property of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade is the property of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses how Peter Carey’s 1980 novel Bliss constructs and examines various counterspaces both in and beyond the text. First, it shows how the plot juxtaposes the consumerist middle-class suburban model of life with an alternative lifestyle, presenting the attractions and limitations of both, yet preferring rather the latter. Secondly, at the level of literary convention, the text activates the strategies of comic social realism only to juxtapose them with elements of fantasy, fairy tale and myth, thus undermining the representational powers of the former and hinting at other possibilities of representation. Finally, the film adaptation of the novel shows how even rebellious or critical texts may become ‘domesticated’ or absorbed by the dominating logic of cultural production, thus once again demonstrating the ambivalent position of works of art in general, and this novel in particular. The article argues that the ambivalence engrained in the text is an intrinsic feature, not only of Australian culture or heterotopias but of most cultural products and practices inevitably entangled in the double logic of conforming and resistance.

Studies from around the globe have found that urbanicity is associated with greater risk for certain psychiatric disorders, though the association has been less evident in the United States. We analyzed data collected in 2019 from the RAND American Life Panel (n = 2554), which were representative of the general adult population of the United States. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the associations between environment of birthplace (large urban, small urban, suburban, rural) and psychiatric disorders, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. We found that being born in a large urban area was associated with greater odds of having any psychiatric disorder when compared with being born in a rural area. However, when looking at specific disorders, we found that being born in a large urban area was only significantly associated greater odds of anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but was not associated with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or alcohol/substance use disorder. Being born in a small urban area was marginally associated with anxiety disorder. Future studies should examine why urban birthplace has only been associated with anxiety disorders and PTSD in the United States, and why urbanicity is associated with mood disorders in other parts of the world but not in the United States.

The construction of the sponge city can effectively alleviate the problems of urban waterlogging and pollution and promote the city's sustainable development. However, few studies on sponge city construction take into account both natural background conditions and resident satisfaction. This study considers both physical and psychological benefits and presents a new integrated theoretical framework to improve urban runoff quality and the well-being of residents. The developed framework consists of two parts: sponge city control space identification and optimization design. The control space suitable for sponge city construction was identified, using the Eco-Importance-Resident Satisfaction Analysis (EIRSA) methodology, and the relationship between the basic needs of suburban residents and the current ecosystem service capacity was explored. The Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method was used to optimize the design of the identified control space. The resident subjective visions and sponge city construction goals were used to determine the construction area and type of LID using GIS and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The proposed framework was then applied to a suburb of Huizhou City, China, as a case study. This study analyzed the physical and psychological benefits of sponge city design schemes with different rainfall scenarios (S1, S2, S3, and S4) for the LID construction project. The results identified this scheme had met 90% or more of the region's volume capture ratio of annual rainfall constraints. Furthermore, >60% of the respondents were content with our planning scheme, with 21% being extremely satisfied, compared to only 2.1% satisfied, and 0.7% very satisfied. Considering the trade-off between ecological importance and resident satisfaction, it is a feasible strategy to build a sponge city that can improve residents' well-being in the future. The findings of this paper provide a detailed decision-making basis for the construction of sponge city in suburban areas.

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New residential and commercial developments provide opportunities for ideological and semiotic work to be performed in the course of naming the development itself and streets, buildings etc. within it. This paper examines the names given within one such development in a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri, USA. I offer a framework to examine the semiotic work names such as these do, in which I consider place names to evoke chronotopes in order to construct a place as authentic. Relying on this constructed authenticity in selling space and the use of space within the development means that place names and the chronotopes evoked by them carry symbolic onomastic capital and are effectively commodified.

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This poem describes a riverine flood that occurred on Salt Creek (the Little Des Plaines River), Brookfield, Cook County, Illinois (4th congressional district), US, as part of extensive regional flooding in the Chicago area on April 18-19, 2013. Both case report and epic, this hyperlocal work is a post-postmodern (metamodern) baroque exploration of human systems and sense-making as revealed through natural disaster. An update is provided in the author note. Three illustrations accompany this poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs the quantitative research of residential satisfaction in two localities in Prague with different civic amenities. The results show that the presence of civic amenities in the neighbourhood has a significant effect on residential satisfaction, which is comparable to the importance of the quality of housing and the perceived quality of the neighbourhood. The relationship between the presence of civic amenities and residential satisfaction is affected by differences in the perceived importance of amenities between the residents of housing estates and suburbs, and by the position of households in the household life cycle.

Landscape services (LS) link structure, function and ecological values. This approach is an alternative to analysis of the suburban environment. By focusing on target social groups, this approach serves an alternative to ecosystem services. The present manuscript seeks to analyze the landscape services in the Saleh Abad area, the suburb of Tehran (Capital of Iran). For this purpose, LS indicators were extracted from literature in three axes: provision, regulation and culture. Then, all indicators were evaluated based on field surveys and interviews with residents. The results were processed in the form of LS quality and capability maps. The outputs were combined using weighted overly. The result provided a base for LS zoning in the region. Finally, the four protective, defensive, offensive and opportunistic strategies were allocated to each zone based on the differences in the capabilities and quality of each zone and consideration of their environmental characteristics. The results show that heterogeneity is evident in the use of space, while the study area is subject to change and the capabilities of space are not used appropriately. The use of landscape services provides a suitable context for strategic model development that commensurates with the potential of the area. If used in a principled manner, it can guarantee the integrated development of the suburban area. However, the link between these services and the formal planning system is the subject of more extensive studies.

This contribution brings a critical reflection on the Street Art’s role in relation to the degraded urban places of the city and highlights how it is becoming a vehicle of urban regeneration through a graphic evocation concept of beauty. On this premise, the Street Art production in the Districts of Scampia, Piscinola, Chiaiano and Marianella (northern suburbs of Naples, corresponding to VIII Municipality) will be examined. Through the disciplinary of drawing, will be investigated the design choices which interact with urban context spatial characteristics where murals are placed; quality of the wall; physical dimensions of the works produced; multiplicity of points of view which these social stories activate with places and people. Specifically, will be examined the works of street artists (in architectural and urban scale) such as: Nafir, Xamoosh, Raro, Jorit Agoch, Aiello, Teso and others. Finally, attention will focus to the ‘impermanence’, the Achilles’ heel of this Art. With the help of information technologies and with Memorandum of Understanding, which will be signed between the actuators, it proposed to create a social work to be placed in the Underground stations of Piscinola-Scampia and Chiaiano Marianella. The project consists to create a ‘virtual map’ inserted into totems or ‘technological portals’, informing both cultural activities in the VIII Municipality and social redemption action promoted by Street Art of which, through ‘virtual reconstruction’, the lost or degraded works are documented.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.24.2020.5

This paper examines the consumption of one of the COICOP classes – food and non-alcoholic beverages – by the degree of urbanization on the sample of EU countries in three periods – 2005, 2010, and 2015. The share of this class in total consumption of cities, towns, and suburbs and rural areas presents the second largest item of the total consumption of all structures in question. They examined the key variable creates an input to the analysis stated in the paper. First, the data visualization is realized by creating maps of scaled consumption of food and non-alcoholic beverages in cities, towns, and suburbs and rural areas in the three periods – 2005, 2010, and 2015. The spatial distribution of data shows, that higher shares of consumption of food and non-alcoholic beverages are obtained in CEE and southern countries in all structures and all periods. Considering that consumption of food and non-alcoholic beverages is negatively correlated with GDP per capita or household expenditure per capita it is possible to conclude that countries with lower levels of GDP per capita spend more on goods of daily use. Second, based on k-means clustering, cluster analysis is stated. Similarities between EU countries in the consumption of food and non-alcoholic beverages by the degree of urbanization and with respect to socio-economic conditions are investigated. Clusters are made for all three monitored periods. In 2005 and 2010 five clusters were identified, in 2015 their number has been reduced to four. Similarities between EU countries in the consumption of food and non-alcoholic beverages by the degree of urbanization change through time. The delayed effect of the financial crisis may explain observed changes. The obvious relocation of countries is evident when comparing clusters in the period 2010 and 2015. Besides it, the most stabile cluster is the cluster, which contains core EU countries.

The concepts of filter bubble and echo chamber are two of the most disturbing drifts on the future of digital societies that communication research has offered in the last ten years. They are two online closed spaces: the first is the result of the filtering logics introduced by the affordances of the platforms that govern communication exchanges on the web and is regulated mainly by algorithms; the second derives from the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance through "self-enclosure" in digital environments in which only the same opinions and points of view are repeated. By comparing the urban sociology of the 1980s and 1990s, and the most recent theories produced in the field of Internet studies, this article aims to demonstrate that the platform society in which we live today - and its most dystopian drifts - had already been anticipated and prepared by the urban reconfiguration that took place, especially in the United States starting from the 1950s, with the housing form of Suburbia. The American suburb was born as a desire of a slice of the population to shut themselves up in homogeneous and controlled spaces (echo chambers) but it is also the result of political, urban, economic, and technological algorithms aimed at profiling and classifying the urban population (filter bubbles), thus defusing the conflictual potential of the anonymous metropolitan crowd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The gentrification literature, which is originated in the urban context, has now extended to suburb. Using content analysis on previous related case studies, this article shows that suburban gentrification is not necessarily a natural phenomenon resulting from disinvestment as the neighborhood lifecycle approach commonly suggests. As long as there is a development trigger, the suburb can gentrify anytime as it generally has a lower land value and a lower risk than urban area. The private sector and government play a key role in initiating and facilitating it to happen. In suburban context, the impacts of gentrification is complex, entailing varying negative and positive implications for the physical environment, the economies, and the society.

The massive arrival of Syrian refugees to Lebanon since 2011 is generating an informal rental market throughout Lebanon. Rentals for vulnerable migrants are concentrated in the Beqaa region and in the capital’s suburbs. The income of this activity represents an important resource for the landlords in Horch el-Qatil, an informal neighborhood located in the southern suburb of Beirut. They implement various strategies to increase its benefits; for some, it is a survival strategy, for others, it is the way for social and residential ascent. This article aims to clarify the links between landlords’ rental practices and their social mobility. This entry highlights the way in which the social and spatial hierarchies are being redrawn within informal territories. It also shows how socio-spatial mobilities reconfigure these spaces through multiple urban transformations carried out by the residents. The analysis is based on a qualitative empirical investigation conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Horch el-Qatil, focusing on social and residential trajectories of landlords and tenants.

Background: Maternal mortality resulting from pregnancy and delivery complications is a sensitive indicator of women's status in the society, access to care services, and sufficiency and quality of healthcare and is the major indicator of a country's developmental status. The present study aimed at determination of educational needs regarding safe motherhood from suburban women's perspective. Method: This qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach was conducted in suburban healthcare centers of Alborz University of medical sciences from 23 October to 22 December 2019. The participants included 15 eligible Iranian suburban women who were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Data were analyzes with MAXQDA10 software. Results: Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the data (barriers against safe pregnancy, accountability multidimensional training, and threats and opportunities of distance learning), six categories, 11 subcategories and 547 codes. Discussion: The results indicated that suburban women were less probable to be present in healthcare centers and receive the required information compared to their peers due to their conditions; provision of accessible training services appropriated to their conditions can greatly contribute to elimination of these problems.

The present research exhibits the great potential that Information & Communication Technology (ICT) holds for the field of architecture. A key focus of the present work is the creative and ideational process of an architectural project. The creation of output that utilizes virtual reality (VR) is a particularly important result for allowing the project to be used in an interactive, personalized way. In particular, the case study presented in this research regards the periphery of Rome, specifically the Tor Bella Monaca neighbourhood. Analogue and manual procedures are transformed into virtual products through specific digitalization processes. Within this process, which is heterogeneous and occurs on multiple levels, an essential, irreplaceable element is always the project idea. There may be many techniques used to conceive, modify, develop, and synthesize the initial concept. Indeed, the ability to integrate different methodologies may be a means of great enrichment for the project, but only in the presence of a strong idea and a clear concept can a qualitatively important result be obtained. Fluidity, continuity, and dynamics coexist and feed each other in the creative process addressed in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs the quantitative research of residential satisfaction in two localities in Prague with different civic amenities. The results show that the presence of civic amenities in the neighbourhood has a significant effect on residential satisfaction, which is comparable to the importance of the quality of housing and the perceived quality of the neighbourhood. The relationship between the presence of civic amenities and residential satisfaction is affected by differences in the perceived importance of amenities between the residents of housing estates and suburbs, and by the position of households in the household life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how Peter Carey's 1980 novel Bliss constructs and examines various counterspaces both in and beyond the text. First, it shows how the plot juxtaposes the consumerist middle-class suburban model of life with an alternative lifestyle, presenting the attractions and limitations of both, yet preferring rather the latter. Secondly, at the level of literary convention, the text activates the strategies of comic social realism only to juxtapose them with elements of fantasy, fairy tale and myth, thus undermining the representational powers of the former and hinting at other possibilities of representation. Finally, the film adaptation of the novel shows how even rebellious or critical texts may become 'domesticated' or absorbed by the dominating logic of cultural production, thus once again demonstrating the ambivalent position of works of art in general, and this novel in particular. The article argues that the ambivalence engrained in the text is an intrinsic feature, not only of Australian culture or heterotopias but of most cultural products and practices inevitably entangled in the double logic of conforming and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay looks into the documentary cinema of Gianfranco Rosi interpreting it as an investigation of spaces and frontier communities, that are revealed through the predominance of urban periphery’s places or of the abandoned areas and the fascination towards the look of plurality and eccentric subjectivities. His entire cinema is, in fact, dominated by the reason of the border, which establishes in the overall corpus of films a peculiar and recurrent representative and dramaturgical interest in geographies and existences on the margins: the Ganges River, the Californian community of Slab City, the border between Mexico and the United States of America, Rome’s GRA ring road, the island of Lampedusa.

This paper examines how liberal, upper middle-class homeowners in the San Francisco Bay Area racially define and defend their neighborhoods. Based on an ethnographic study of neighborhood organizing over a one-year period, I show how homeowners simultaneously protect their identity as non-racist, liberal and open and act to exclude racial “others” through a gendered logic of caring for community. They are able to do so, I argue, only because their neighborhood is segregated, allowing them to use geographical references as a stand-in for race. Thus they are able to simultaneously critique (sometimes quite vociferously) those who target particular racial groups, while unproblematically identifying problems such as violence and sexual predation with particular geographies—geographies that are highly racialized. A localized conception of inclusive citizenship, rooted in the defense and nurturance of children, allows these exclusionary actions to be justified as not only “not racist” but as the ethical and moral duty of mothers, community members, and responsible citizens.

As any social phenomenon, the evolution of suburbs can be seen as at the confluence of two contradictory sets of forces. There are first forces of change, which propel suburbs in new directions. Much of the present literature on suburbs highlights suburban transitions in the form of social and economic diversification, and of new forms of development. The article attempts to rebalance the discourse on suburbs by emphasizing forces of durability. It does not deny the importance of observed suburban transitions, but argues that there is, at the heart of North American suburbs, an enduring automobility-induced transportation dynamic, which reverberates on most aspects of suburbs. The article explores the mechanisms undergirding suburban durability by linking the suburban transportation dynamic to the self-reproductive effects of a suburban lifestyle and culture and their political manifestations. These forces impede planning attempts to transform suburbs in ways that make them more environmentally sustainable. To empirically ground its argument, the article draws on two Toronto region case studies illustrating processes assuring the persistence of the durable features of North American suburbs: the layout of large suburban multifunctional centres and the themes raised by Rob Ford during his successful 2010 mayoralty electoral campaign.

Landscape services (LS) link structure, function and ecological values. This approach is an alternative to analysis of the suburban environment. By focusing on target social groups, this approach serves an alternative to ecosystem services. The present manuscript seeks to analyze the landscape services in the Saleh Abad area, the suburb of Tehran (Capital of Iran). For this purpose, LS indicators were extracted from literature in three axes: provision, regulation and culture. Then, all indicators were evaluated based on field surveys and interviews with residents. The results were processed in the form of LS quality and capability maps. The outputs were combined using weighted overly. The result provided a base for LS zoning in the region. Finally, the four protective, defensive, offensive and opportunistic strategies were allocated to each zone based on the differences in the capabilities and quality of each zone and consideration of their environmental characteristics. The results show that heterogeneity is evident in the use of space, while the study area is subject to change and the capabilities of space are not used appropriately. The use of landscape services provides a suitable context for strategic model development that commensurates with the potential of the area. If used in a principled manner, it can guarantee the integrated development of the suburban area. However, the link between these services and the formal planning system is the subject of more extensive studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)