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It is challenging to estimate winds accurately from higher altitudes using VHF-MST radar. The current study introduces the Adaptive-Bayesian Deterministic Stochastics Technique (ADStoch), which implements an Empirical Bayesian 1D prediction method using stochastics to analyze radar signals. A new and robust estimator for empirical wavelet shrinkage with Gaussian prior of the nonzero mean for wavelet coefficients is presented, which makes the current prior different from other priors. The mean parameters and the prior covariance hyperparameters follow a pseudo maximum likelihood method for computation. Details on the implemented algorithm developed from scratch using C# are also presented. This technique outperforms contemporary techniques discussed in this context that can recover signals buried in noise established based on the analysis of moment and quality. The estimated Wind is cross-validated for accuracy with the observed wind from the GPS radiosonde operated simultaneously. This technique can consistently extract 3D wind that can reach the range of 25.5 km–28.2 km, improving the conventional maximum altitude of 21.2 km in real time for the MST radar. It is concluded that the ADStoch analysis technique can effectively obtain VHF-MST radar signals at significantly higher altitudes, which is helpful in various scientific investigations.

The purpose of this paper is to review and compare four of the widely used and referenced agile methods – Spiral model, Dynamic System Development Method, Scrum, and Extreme programming. These four methods are compared based on their process, roles, current research, project management, lifecycle coverage and practices. The result of this paper is a review and comparison of these four models, which shows that neither of the described methods provides full product life-cycle coverage. XP is concluded to be most specific when it comes to practical guidelines, but with a very limited scope. Other methods focus more on abstract principles. Spiral, DSDM and Scrum can be used as frameworks that can use other agile methods. Organizations should use principals and ideas behind these fours methods as inspiration when creating custom tailored development processes. This paper also provides a review of the current research on these four methods, therefore it can be used as a reference work for future studies.

It is challenging to estimate winds accurately from higher altitudes using VHF-MST radar. The current study introduces the Adaptive-Bayesian Deterministic Stochastics Technique (ADStoch), which implements an Empirical Bayesian 1D prediction method using stochastics to analyze radar signals. A new and robust estimator for empirical wavelet shrinkage with Gaussian prior of the nonzero mean for wavelet coefficients is presented, which makes the current prior different from other priors. The mean parameters and the prior covariance hyperparameters follow a pseudo maximum likelihood method for computation. Details on the implemented algorithm developed from scratch using C# are also presented. This technique outperforms contemporary techniques discussed in this context that can recover signals buried in noise established based on the analysis of moment and quality. The estimated Wind is cross-validated for accuracy with the observed wind from the GPS radiosonde operated simultaneously. This technique can consistently extract 3D wind that can reach the range of 25.5 km-28.2 km, improving the conventional maximum altitude of 21.2 km in real time for the MST radar. It is concluded that the ADStoch analysis technique can effectively obtain VHF-MST radar signals at significantly higher altitudes, which is helpful in various scientific investigations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The purpose of this paper is to review and compare four of the widely used and referenced agile methods -- Spiral model, Dynamic System Development Method, Scrum, and Extreme programming. These four methods are compared based on their process, roles, current research, project management, lifecycle coverage and practices. The result of this paper is a review and comparison of these four models, which shows that neither of the described methods provides full product life-cycle coverage. XP is concluded to be most specific when it comes to practical guidelines, but with a very limited scope. Other methods focus more on abstract principles. Spiral, DSDM and Scrum can be used as frameworks that can use other agile methods. Organizations should use principals and ideas behind these fours methods as inspiration whencreating custom tailored development processes. This paper also provides a review of the current research on these four methods, therefore it can be used as a reference work for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SimSphere is a land biosphere model that provides a mathematical representation of vertical ‘views’ of the physical mechanisms controlling Earth's energy and mass transfers in the soil/vegetation/atmosphere continuum. Herein, we present recent advancements introduced to SimSphere code, aiming at making its use more integrated to the automation of processes within High Performance Computing (HPC) that allows using the model at large scale. In particular, a new interface to the model is presented, so-called “SimSphere-SOA” which forms a command line land biosphere tool, a Web Service interface and a parameters verification facade that offers a standardised environment for specification execution and result retrieval of a typical model simulation based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). SimSphere-SOA library can now execute various simulations in parallel. This allows exploitation of the tool in a simple and efficient way in comparison to the currently distributed approach. In SimSphere-SOA, an Application Programming Interface (API) is also provided to execute simulations that can be publicly consumed. Finally this API is exported as a Web Service for remotely executing simulations through web based tools. This way a simulation by the model can be executed efficiently and subsequently the model simulation outputs may be used in any kind of relevant analysis required. The use of these new functionalities offered by SimSphere-SOA is also demonstrated using a “real world” simulation configuration file. The inclusion of those new functions in SimSphere are of considerable importance in the light of the model's expanding use worldwide as an educational and research tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]