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Background: Closure of the space of missing maxillary lateral incisors and canine substitution is probably the first choice to avoid long-term restorative replacements but may produce an inferior aesthetic result which may has adverse effect on oral health. Aims: To assess the effects of orthodontic space closure (OSC) of bilateral congenitally absence of maxillary lateral incisors (CMMLI) and consequent canine substitution on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL). Materials and Methods: The impacts of OSC and canine substitution on the OHRQL were assessed using the short-version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and a modified version of the Eastman Esthetic Index (EEI) questionnaires. Answers of the patients’ perception to esthetics of the tooth substitution were rated and correlated between gender and compared between the oral health and esthetic perception categories. Results: Females had higher mean OHIP score in all domains and lower mean EEI score than males. Overall, 76% of patients rated their oral health as satisfactory, more males were satisfied than females. Significantly, 33.3% of females recorded impacts to their oral health compared to 20% of males (P=0.014). More males (p=0.049) were dissatisfied with the colour, and more females (p=0.022) were dissatisfied with the shape. The most common impacts were related to social disability domain in the perception of male patients to colour of teeth (p=0.00078) and in Psychological discomfort and disability domains in females with poor perception to the shape and size of teeth, respectively. Conclusions: One-fourth of patients were associated with impairment in OHRQL, this extent and severity appeared to be expressed by social disability and psychological discomfort. Keywords: Canine substitution, Congenitally absence of maxillary lateral incisors, Eastman Esthetic Index, Oral Health Impact Profile, Oral Health Related Quality of life, Orthodontic space closure, O

The present, exploratory study examined retrospective and current peer victimization in a multi-university sample of 58 college students with disabilities, 18 (31%) of whom identified as sexual minorities. Fifty-seven participants reported peer victimization during childhood, and approximately half reported experiencing peer victimization in the past 2 months. Students who identified as sexual minorities reported more retrospective victimization but current victimization did not differ between the two groups. Current and retrospective peer victimization were significantly correlated with present psychological distress. Professionals who work with students with disabilities should be aware of the high prevalence of peer victimization and its psychological correlates in this population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain causes functional and social disability, resulting in emotional impact. This study’s objective was to describe the main impairments of activities of daily living, anxious and depressive symptoms, and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with chronic pain outpatients. Analysis of clinical and sociodemographic variables, as well as activities of daily living. Assessment of pain, anxious and depressive symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life by the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire and data analysis by the SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: The study observed limitations in work, movement, leisure and home activities, quality of life below the median and worse for the physical and emotional domains. Sleep was very impaired, followed by partial difficulty with appetite and sexual activity. Although they had anxious and depressive symptoms, most participants were moderately satisfied with their treatment. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain has a very significant impact on quality of life, impairing and limiting daily activities more intensely in individuals with anxious and depressive symptoms. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Dor crônica acarreta incapacidade funcional e social, impactando emocionalmente os indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os principais comprometimentos das atividades de vida diária, sintomas ansiosos e depressivos e qualidade de vida em pacientes com dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com pacientes de ambulatório de dor crônica. Análise das variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas, assim como das atividades de vida diária. Avaliação de dor, de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos pela Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, de qualidade de vida pelo questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey e a análise dos dados no programa estatístico SPSS. RESULTADOS: Foi evidenciada limitação para o trabalho, movimento, lazer e atividade domiciliar, qualidade de vida abaixo da mediana e pior para os domínios aspectos físicos e emocionais. O sono foi muito comprometido, seguido de dificuldade parcial para apetite e atividade sexual. Embora apresentassem sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, a maioria dos participantes estavam moderadamente satisfeitos com o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A dor crônica impacta de forma muito significativa na qualidade de vida, comprometendo e limitando as atividades diárias de modo mais intenso nos portadores de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos.

Research on the expression and prevalence of co-occurring anxiety disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced variable results. In part this is due to heterogeneity in the characteristics of the samples, methodology, and the underlying cause of anxiety disorders and ASD across studies. This review will focus on the aspects related to the manifestation of anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in order to establish the amount of comorbidity or heterogeneity both within and between these disorders. This review will also elaborate on the findings from related studies with reference to the underlying causes of both disorders. A number of typical anxiety symptoms play a significant role characterising autism, creating overlap and heterogeneity in the disorders. Therefore, further research on the measurement of anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD in addition to the interaction of anxiety and social disability in this population is required, so appropriate treatment and intervention can be established to address each specific characteristic of these disorders.

INTRODUCTION This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). RESULTS We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r=0.54; P

Aim: This prospective controlled clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin Type A (BTX-A) on pain control and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic myofascial pain. Materials & methods: Patients with chronic myofascial pain were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): counseling and self-care and Michigan-type occlusal splint (MOS) (CG-control group) or BTX-A injection (BTX-AG). The pain was evaluated with visual analogue scale and QoL with the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Results: In both groups, the pain was reduced, and QoL improved after 30 days. The results of social disability and handicap were better for patients treated with counseling and self-care and MOS. Conclusion: Minimally invasive strategies and BTX-A application improved QoL and alleviated myofascial pain.

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and compared it with adults with no orofacial cleft. The study also intended to find out the impact of cleft severity, gender, and age on the perceived OHRQoL. Materials and Methods: The study was composed of a sample of 70 adult participants who received and completed dental treatments: 35 participants with CL/P (CL/P group) and 35 participants with no orofacial cleft (control group) agreed to participate. Each participant completed the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) with no missing data. The OHIP-49 data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, and a P-value

X‐linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are rare congenital disorders characterised by skeletal dysplasia. The two disorders may include dental anomalies potentially affecting individual well‐being. The aims of study were (a) to assess the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Danish adults with XLH or OI, and (b) to compare the results of the groups. A cross‐sectional study including 35 adults with XLH, 56 adults with OI type I and 17 adults with OI types III‐IV was conducted. The OHRQoL was assessed by the 49‐item version of the questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Summed domain scores (seven) were compared between XLH and OI groups. Prevalence of severe impact on OHRQoL (scores 3‐4) was compared between groups. The median scores in XLH group exceeded the medians in OI (P

Background: Data from the literature suggests the presence of cognitive impairments which persist in the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder (BD) and have significant consequences in regards to psychosocial functioning. The aims of our study were: 1) to ascertain the cognitive function (CF), social disability (SD) and basic life skills (BLS) of euthymic patients diagnosed with BD, 2) their relationship and 3) to compare CF, SD and BLS in euthymic patients diagnosed with BD to euthymic patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD).Subjects and methods: Ninety eight euthymic patients diagnosed either with BD (N=48, mean age 48.79 years, SD = 8.587) or rMDD (N=50, mean age 50.02 years, SD = 9.826) underwent testing using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A) test, the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the UCSD performance-based skills assessment (UPSA-brief). Results: Euthymic patients with BD demonstrated significantly lower scores as compared to normal population values in verbal, learning and working memory, verbal fluency, attention and processing speed, affective memory for negative and positive words (p?0.01 each) and motor speed (p

Social cognition, social skill, and social motivation have been extensively researched and characterized as atypical in autistic people, with the assumption that each mechanistically contributes to the broader social interaction difficulties that diagnostically define the condition. Despite this assumption, research has not directly assessed whether or how these three social domains contribute to actual real-world social interaction outcomes for autistic people. The current study administered standardized measures of social cognition, social skill, and social motivation to 67 autistic and 58 non-autistic (NA) adults and assessed whether performance on these measures, both individually and relationally between dyadic partners, predicted outcomes for autistic and NA adults interacting with unfamiliar autistic and NA partners in a 5 minute unstructured “get to know you” conversation. Consistent with previous research, autistic adults scored lower than NA adults on the three social domains and were evaluated less favorably by their conversation partners. However, links between autistic adults' performance on the three social domains and their social interaction outcomes were minimal and, contrary to prediction, only the social abilities of NA adults predicted some interaction outcomes within mixed diagnostic dyads. Collectively, results suggest that reduced performance by autistic adults on standardized measures of social cognition, social skill, and social motivation do not correspond in clear and predictable ways with their real-world social interaction outcomes. They also highlight the need for the development and validation of more ecological assessments of autistic social abilities and the consideration of relational dynamics, not just individual characteristics, when assessing social disability in autism.

Hearing impairment is a common chronic condition in middle-aged and elderly adults. The number of individuals with hearing impairment is expected to rise because of the longer life expectancies and trends in the population growth. Acquired hearing impairment in adulthood is not just a disorder of the sense of hearing. It is primarily a social disability because its handicapping effect is experienced in interaction with other people. This paper aims to explore how the repair of problems in hearing is initiated by hearing-impaired individuals with acquired mild to severe hearing impairment. By using the method of conversation analysis (CA), this paper examines the occurrence of other-initiations of repair (OIR) and how it is typically resolved in actual mundane interaction. In addition, this paper reveals the challenges and the impact of hearing impairment as the state of hearing deteriorates. This article argues that the frequency of OIR in mild hearing impairment does not differ from normally hearing individuals. However, in a more severe grade of hearing impairment, the OIR sequences are longer, more frequent, multimodal and may require more vigilance from the normally-hearing conversation partner. Implications for counselling are suggested.

Lifetime occupational exposure accounts for 42% of differences in disability risk across individuals. Incorporating this feature into a general equilibrium model, we study how social disability insurance (SDI) affects welfare through (i) the classic channel of risk-sharing and (ii) a new channel of occupational reallocation. Both channels can increase welfare, but at the optimal SDI they are at odds. Welfare gains from additional risk-sharing are reduced by overly incentivizing workers to choose risky occupations. In a calibrated economy resembling the United States, SDI increases welfare by 2.6% (consumption) relative to actuarially fair insurance. The current US system captures 92% of these gains.

Where Cartesian philosophy distinguishes the perceiving and perceptual mind from the body, phenomenology constitutes the experiential/experiencing body as the subject, giving rise to the affective potential of art. An immersive world of digital connections, smart cities and the Internet of Everything dramatises the centrality of relationship, the intertwining of Self and Other, in the lived environments of human experience. This article addresses the contextual, disciplinary and practical challenges encountered in developing an ambitious interactive public art project embedding SMART technology on the coastal fringes of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales (UK). It examines the processes and problems involved in delivering a stimulating aesthetic experience in and on a complex site, for a complex audience profile. It traces, in particular, the dependence of a multi-disciplinary project team on the theoretical and practical effects of affect in their ongoing effort to produce engaging, provocative, socially inclusive interactive public art, in and through human-centred design techniques.

Edentulism can lead directly to impairment, functional limitation, physical, psychological, and social disability, and handicap. Edentulism was found to have a significant effect on residual ridge resorption, which leads to a reduction in the height of alveolar bone and the size of the denture bearing area. Fenestrated denture is a concept which preserves remaining teeth. This case report discusses the advantages of exploitation few remaining teeth to minimize alveolar ridge resorption and improvement of retention and support through using fenestrated denture which overcomes many problems encountered by complete denture and removable partial denture patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nonextraction and all first premolar extraction modalities of orthodontic treatment on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight adolescents of aged 12–18 years were chosen. Subjects who required nonextraction orthodontic treatment were included in group I, and those who required all first premolar extractions for orthodontic treatment were included in group II. Baseline OHRQoL data (T0) were recorded before the start of treatment. To evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was presented to all subjects for retrospective evaluation at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) and 1 year (T4) after the start of orthodontic treatment and 1 week after completion of orthodontic treatment (T5). Results At T1 and T2, the physical pain and physical disability domains of OHIP-14 were impacted significantly by comprehensive orthodontic treatment in both groups (P < .001). The negative impact of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL was maximum at T1 and then slowly recovered to the pretreatment level at T3 in both groups. Recovery of OHIP-14 scores was relatively faster in group I subjects compared to group II subjects. At T1 and T2, social disability and handicap domains were deteriorated significantly in group II subjects compared to group I subjects (P < .01). Conclusions The severity of OHRQoL deterioration was similar in both modalities of orthodontic treatment, but recovery from negative impacts was relatively slower in the first premolar extraction subjects.

There is a need to develop and refine psychosocial interventions to improve functioning in First Episode Psychosis (FEP). Social cognition and neurocognition are closely linked to functioning in psychosis; examinations of cognition pre- and post- psychosocial intervention may provide insights into the mechanisms of these interventions, and identify which individuals are most likely to benefit.\ud \ud Method:\ud Cognition was assessed within a multi-site trial of Social Recovery Therapy (SRT) for individuals with FEP experiencing poor functioning (

Objectives Dental implant treatment (DIT) improves peoples’ oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). Assessment of longitudinal changes in OHRQoL may be undermined by response shift (RS). RS is the process by which quality of life changes, independent of health status as a result recalibration, reprioritization or reconceptualization. Thus, this study aimed to describe RS in the OHRQoL and perceived oral health of individuals receiving DIT and to compare the then-test, a self-anchored scale and the classification and regression trees (CRT) approaches for assessing RS. Methods OHRQoL was assessed in 100 patients receiving DIT using the OHIP-Edent (n = 100) and a self-anchored scale (n = 45) before placement of the final restoration and 3 to 6 months after treatment was completed. The OHIP-Edent was also used as a retrospective assessment at follow-up. CRT examined changes in the OHIP-Edent total score as a dependent variable with global changes in oral health and each OHIP-Edent subscale score as independent variables. Results OHRQoL and perceived oral health improved after treatment. The OHIP-Edent score decreased from 36.4 at baseline to 12.7 after treatment. On average, participants recalibrated their internal standard downwards (− 4.0 OHIP-Edent points). CRT detected downwards recalibration in 5% of participants and upwards in 15%. Reprioritization was observed in the social disability and psychological discomfort aspects of OHRQoL. Conclusions RS affects longitudinal assessments of OHRQoL in DIT, reducing the apparent magnitude of change. The then-test and CRT are valid and complementary methods to assess RS.

With the advent of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing, Chris Kaposy believes that more people should choose to parent children with Down Syndrome. Kaposy advocates for the Social Disability Model and recommends a normative pragmatic approach as standard. He makes use of both quantitative and qualitative evidence to support his position., Avec l’avènement du test prénatal non invasif, Chris Kaposy croit que plus de gens devraient choisir d’élever des enfants atteints du syndrome de Down. Kaposy plaide en faveur du modèle de handicap social et recommande une approche normative pragmatique comme norme. Il utilise des données quantitatives et qualitatives pour étayer sa position.

This paper represents a review of genesis and basic assertions of the social disability model (SDM) and its impact on theory and practice in psychology and rehabilitation. With its view on disability as a form of oppression, SDM is focused on changing society. The developmental pathway from the earliest radical forms of the SDM to the recent more neutral orientation is shown. The study then turns to the changes in psychological theory and practice. The contribution of critical psychology in the struggle for social change is described first. Afterwards, traditional psychology is criticized on several levels, with more contemporary views offered in the spirit of the new disability paradigm. These are shown as useful for assessment and intervention of disabled persons. The work is especially focused on psychological counselling, with a brief overview of theoretical aspects of counselling, compatible with the SDM and recommendations of different authors within this framework, concerning counselling practice in psychology and rehabilitation.

Objectives: the aims of this study were the development of a novel questionnaire to assess the impact of prosthetic treatments on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the performance of a prospective pilot study. Background: the currently preferred OHRQoL measurement tool is the oral health impact profile-49 (OHIP-49), a self-report questionnaire which mainly focuses on general effects related to oral health. Materials and methods: A total of 24 adult participants (9 females and 15 males) were recruited and asked to complete the novel questionnaire twice: once before the prosthetic treatment began and 4&ndash, 6 weeks post-treatment. The assessment of the change in OHRQoL was based on the differences in participants&rsquo, answers before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with a repeated-measures method and t-tests. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach&rsquo, s alpha and intraclass coefficient (ICC). Results: The questionnaire was found to be reliable (&alpha, &ge, 0.6), with &ldquo, social disability&rdquo, having the highest score (&alpha, = 0.868). All domains showed an improvement (&alpha, &lt, 0.005) in OHRQoL scores after treatment. Conclusions: the novel questionnaire tested in this study was found to be reliable and convenient to use, and demonstrated that prosthetic treatments have a significant positive effect on OHRQoL post-treatment scores.

Introducción: La discapacidad social está presente en más del 50 % de pacientes con esquizofrenia después de la remisión clínica. Hasta ahora no se han estudiado cómo difiere el procesamiento emocional entre los pacientes con alto o bajo funcionamiento social. Método: Se hizo un estudio transversal, con 67 pacientes ambulatorios. Se utilizaron la Escala de Funcionamiento Social y el Test de Inteligencia Emocional. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Facilitación Emocional (p=0.007; d= 0.74), en el Manejo Emocional (p=0.003; d=0.83) y en todas las dimensiones del funcionamiento social, con una diferencia de hasta 45.43 puntos entre los grupos. Conclusiones: Los resultados contribuyen a la comprensión del papel que desempeña la facilitación y regulación emocional en el funcionamiento social.

RECEPTION OF THE IDEAS OF PLANETARY UNITY OF PEOPLE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF COSMISMIntroduction. Appeal to the spiritual heritage of representatives of cosmism is caused necessity of creating a modern concept of sus-tainable development of human civilization that will bring together healthy people and people with disabilities. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to study the ways of forming the planetary unity of people with psycho-physical peculiarities and without them in the con-text of the philosophy of cosmism. The tasks of the article are to consider the views of the cosmists on the global unity of mankind, to study the basic models of disability, to outline a model that can provide the indicated unity, to analyze changes in terminology. Re-search methods: the paper uses general scientific and special research methods. The main among them was the method of compara-tive analysis. In addition, induction, deduction, analysis, etc. were used. Research results. To date, country proclaims the equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, including people with disabilities. The presence in the social structure of a significant number of persons with signs of disability determines the importance of the problem. The article considers the definition of disability from the view-point of various theories, describes the medical and social disability models, based on various views on the causes of disability. Discusion. The traditional paradigm of disability is burdensome for the economy. The social paradigm does not take into account the spec-trum of psychophysical capabilities of persons with disabilities, the need for maximum state assistance for some of them. There is a need in creating for a new paradigm that rejects the notion of disability. Conclusion. The new model of disability must protect the rights of persons with disabilities and become the basis for the unity of all people on Earth, regardless of their mental and physical characteristics.

Objectives Knowledge about self-rated disability over time in psychotic disorders is limited. How self-rated disability relates to clinician-rated global functioning, self-rated life satisfaction and symptomatology was investigated across the first year of treatment in early psychosis. Methods Participants with first treated episode of psychosis (n = 115) were investigated at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Self-rated Disability was measured with World Health Organization- Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Clinician-rated global functioning, self-rated life satisfaction, and symptomatology were measured with appropriate scales. Results Average self-rated disability in first-treated episode of psychosis was high, corresponding with the 10% highest in a general population sample. However, 37% were not disabled at a clinically significant level after one year. Self-rated disability was highest in the two social domains (Getting along with people and Participation in society), but improved significantly from baseline to 1-year. At 1-year follow-up self-rated disability had significant weak to medium correlations with clinician-rated global functioning and positive symptoms, and mainly medium to strong correlations with life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Yet only baseline depression significantly predicted disability after one year. Conclusion Self-rated disability in first treated episode of psychosis is high, but improves across the first year, indicating signs of early recovery. Moreover, self-rated disability is related, but distinct from clinician-rated global functioning and self-rated life satisfaction, suggesting that self-rated disability should also be assessed in order to more fully describe outcomes in first episode psychosis. The findings highlight the need for specialised treatment of depression and social disability in early psychosis.

Chronic cerebral ischemia is a common problem especially among the elderly. It gradually leads to social disability and invalidisation of those patients. One of the possible pathogenic mechanisms of this condition is the endothelial dysfunction. Thus, the attempt to repair the latter is one of the treatment goals. It is assumed that actovegin improves tissue microcirculation by expanding precapillary zone – the main marker of the metabolic activity in the microvascular endothelium. Actovegin activates anaerobic metabolism and oxygenation in endotheliocytes. Patients, treated by actovegin, showed improvement of cognitive functions and psycho-emotional state. Due to the absence of proteins, the drug has good tolerance and low toxicity.

Objective Estimate predictive associations of marital status with social dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. Methods 817 schizophrenia patients lived in the community of Dongguan, Guangdong province, China, were investigated with the Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) during a three-month period (1.2010–3.2010). The demographic data were harvested. The χ2 test, t test, and fisher's exact were used for comparisons between groups, as appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was used to analyze the predictive associations of demographic variables to the grading of social dysfunctions. Results The study group consisted of male and female patients aged 16–59 years, 407 females, and 410 males with the mean age (40.7 ± 9.5) years. Analysis of the data revealed significant differences in course of disease and marital status among patients (with and without dysfunction). The married patient made a significant difference with divorced/widowed patient in mildly–moderately social dysfunction. There was a significant difference in married and never-married patient with mildly and profoundly social dysfunction. Significant differences were noticed in the self care and occupational roles of the married patient with that of the never-married. Conclusion This study confirmed that bad marital status is associated with higher odds of social dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia living in the community. These effects should be included in considerations of public health investments in preventing and treating mental disorders.

Anorectal malformations are an important group of congenital anomalies that vary widely in their anatomical characteristics and complexity. Understanding the long-term functional outcomes after modern treatments, and how these compare to the general population, are essential for ensuring that patients receive optimal, evidence-based care. With increasing appreciation of the wider impact of the illness on patients and their families, minimizing social disability from fecal incontinence and enabling normal social integration from the outset are key management concerns. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functional outcomes by type of malformation, reflecting on the literature, and our institutional experience over a follow-up period of nearly 30 years. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this article is to establish a link between lack of accessibility and social unhappiness. This current scenario will be considered in the work to solve this problem, to present technology as a solution. Despite the fact that we can prove the effectiveness of technologies for inclusion and, therefore, the quality of life, we will consider the complexity of this system. The article concludes on issues of confidentiality, the need for technology, the participation of science in constructive changes in society; change based on a social disability model; by ensuring all these criteria, technology would help shape a city where everyone could live and thrive, regardless of their physical or mental condition.

SUMMARYIntroduction.Cognitive dysfunction is one of the main comorbidities of epilepsy which co-exists with seizures and contributes to the adverse impact of the disease on employment, education and interpersonal relationships. A fundamental question regarding cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy goes as follows: in comparison to seizures, what role does cognitive dysfunction play in causing social disability? The purpose of this review was to evaluate our understanding of the role cognitive impairment plays in social disability in persons with epilepsy (PWE). We systematically searched the medical literature and identified studies which assessed the impact of seizures and cognitive function on some aspect of social disability in PWE.Results and Discussion.We identified 12 studies which adequately measured all variables in non-surgical cohorts, and 9 studies of cohorts following epilepsy surgery. We found evidence from non-surgical and from surgical series that cognitive variables strongly correlate with levels of social disability.Conclusions.We conclude that efforts to better understand the origins of cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy and subsequently at developing treatment modalities will be needed in order to reduce the degree of social disability caused by the condition.

Objetivo. Analizar las demandas de atención de los tras­tornos mentales graves (TMG) y factores asociados con la utilización de servicios en México. Material y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico transversal en dos fases: la primera con una base de datos nacional de servicios disponibles y su utilización; la segunda, una muestra de regis­tros médicos de un hospital psiquiátrico. Resultados. La esquizofrenia es el TMG más prevalente; más de 50% de hos­pitalizados fueron hombres, con edad promedio 37 años. La utilización de servicios estuvo asociada con la edad (β=1.062; p=.000), ingreso familiar (β=1.000, p=.000) y no tener ocupa­ción (β=3.407; p=.000). La población con esquizofrenia tiene cuatro veces más la probabilidad de requerir estar exenta de pago (β=4.158; p=.000). Conclusiones. La población con TMG es más vulnerable por la discapacidad funcional y social asociada; requiere de intervenciones específicas de salud acompañadas de una política de protección financiera adaptada a sus necesidades de atención.

Background. In connection with the challenges of modernity, PTSD is a serious problem of general and especially military psychiatry. The diagnosis of "PTSD" is, in the first place, etiologically determined, but both "developmental and clinical assessment of this condition" have such "non-medical" factors as social and family-associated ones. Method. The research material is modern publications devoted to the study of socio-psychological, family and social factors that play a role in shaping PTSD and influence the use of this diagnosis when inspecting. The research method is bibliographic-analytical. Results. According to North American authors, the number of firefighters who received disabilities due to PTSD increased from 1999 to 2004 by 79.5%, while the disability due to other diseases among them grew by only 12 2%. Social disability policy encourages military personnel to receive psychiatric diagnoses, primarily PTSD. In society, the diagnosis of PTSD is often used to justify criminal behavior. Another problem lies in the fact that another part of the military personnel, on the contrary, hide the symptoms of PTSD, fearing the everyday stigmatization of the “mentally ill” and undermining their careers. In addition to societal factors affecting the use of the PTSD diagnosis, important non-medical factors are family aspects of military personnel. The development of PTSD and its transition to the prolonged form are negatively affected by the absence of military personnel at home for more than six months, the impossibility of remote communication with loved ones during the hostilities, the absence of a family, and family-like, ironically, the presence of children in the family. Conclusion. Due to the influence of socially-associated factors, there are certain parts of military personnel involved in the hostilities, one of which is prone to simulating or aggravating the symptoms of PTSD, and the second, on the contrary, is prone to dissimulation of post-stress psychopathological symptoms. Among family factors that should be considered as opportunistic, special attention should be paid to the lack of the possibility of remote communication with relatives during stay in the combat zone, the absence of military personnel at home for more than six months, and the presence of military personnel in their families. To improve the quality of diagnostic and rehabilitation work, it is necessary to conduct a scientifically grounded adaptation of modern foreign psychological tests aimed at diagnosing PTSD and developing specific domestic techniques as soon as possible.

Foram estudados os transtornos psiquiátricos em ações previdenciárias contra o INSS em uma vara federal de São José dos Campos no período de um ano a fim de conhecer as patologias de maior prevalência e o perfil profissional de quem busca a justiça para auxílio previdenciário e aposentadoria. Um perfil sociológico bem definido se sobressaiu na pesquisa, sugerindo que transtornos afetivos em homens adultos com fracos elos psicossociais é causa frequente de incapacidade labora Le social.

Realizar una investigación sobre el Sentido de Vida y cuerpo, en personas con Artritis Reumatoide, responde a la motivación y necesidad de unir de manera coherente los conocimientos adquiridos durante la formación académica en la maestría en discapacidad, con el mundo real que rodea a las personas en esta condición especifica de salud. Por diversas razones, una de las cuales es la atención que de manera integral deben recibir y cubrir todas sus dimensiones como persona, es decir, abordar su aspecto biológico, psicológico y social. Si bien es cierto, tanto el Sentido de vida como el sentido de cuerpo, se haya inscrito en la dimensión psicológico o mental, también es cierto que ésta es permeada por el bienestar físico, biológico y social, de tal manera que es la intención de este estudio procurar develar el mundo de la subjetividad, de sus emociones, representados para este caso en el sentido de vida y cuerpo que otorgan a su existencia las personas con Artritis Reumatoide (A.R.). Con el propósito de alcanzar el objetivo general de esta investigación: Comprender el sentido de vida y de cuerpo que presentan un grupo de personas con Artritis Reumatoide en la ciudad de Manizales, se utilizó una metodología mixta, donde se privilegió el enfoque cualitativo comprensivo, como unidad de análisis se tuvo en cuenta sus percepciones e historias y narrativas que permiten develar los aspectos significativos en torno a las categorías de sentido de vida y de cuerpo que han construido. Como técnicas e instrumentos para la recolección de información se utilizan la entrevista estructurada y la historia de vida. Como resultados del estudio se obtiene una caracterización socio-demográfica del grupo de personas con A.R y un acercamiento a la comprensión de los hallazgos que den cuenta del Sentido de vida y de cuerpo desde las dimensiones objetivas, subjetivas e intersubjetivas del grupo de personas participantes en el estudio y que permiten plantar nuevas formas de abordar y asumir esta condición de salud desde una perspectiva integral que responda a las expectativas y sentidos que las personas construyen de sí mismo y de sus condiciones de vida. En cuanto a los resultados podría citarse uno de los más significativos para este estudio, el sentido de vida cambia en el momento en que los dolores y los impedimentos para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, no les permiten realizarlas con la agilidad de épocas anteriores. Lo que lleva al deseo de que debería cambiar radicalmente la situación de salud, como condición primaria para no sentir ni sufrimiento ni dolor, ni la angustia y soledad que se siente a causa de la enfermedad. The purpose of conducting research on both body and life's sense about people who have been suffering rheumatoid arthritis is the response to motivation and need to coherently link knowledge acquired during Masters Studies of disability with the Surrounding real World to human’s beings suffering from this kind of diseases conditions. For Many reasons in which one of them is the attention that in an integral way they must receive and overtake all their dimensions as a human being meaning to deal with the psychological social and biological aspects. Although it is true both the sense of life and the sense of body have been inscribed in the psychological and mental dimension, it is also true that it is permeated by physical, biological and social well-being, such that it is the intention of this study to attempt unveiling subjectivity's world, out of their emotions, represented for this case in the sense of life and body that give to their existence people with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) With the purpose of reaching the general objective of this research: To understand the meaning of life and body presented by a group of people with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the city of Manizales, a mixed methodology was used, where a comprehensive qualitative approach was favored, as unit of analysis was taken into account their perceptions and stories and narratives that allow us to unveil the significant aspects around the categories of meaning of life and body they have built. As techniques and instruments for the collection of information, the structured interview and the life history are used. xiv As techniques and instruments of work there must be used the structured interview and life's summary as results of the Study. A sociodemographic characterization of the group of people with RA is obtained and approach to the understanding of the result’s search that tells about of both sense of life and body from the objective, subjective and intersubjective dimensions of the group of people participating in the study, and that allows us to propose new ways of approaching and assuming this condition of health from an integral perspective that responds to the expectations and senses that people make themselves, and their living conditions. As for the results, one could mention one of the most significant for this study, the meaning of life changes at the moment when the pains and impediments to daily activities of life, do not allow them to perform them with the agility of previous times. Which leads to the desire that the health situation should radically change, as a primary condition to feel neither suffering nor pain, nor the anguish and loneliness felt by the disease.

Ninety-nine neurotic patients from a controlled trial of CPN v. psychiatric out-patient aftercare were followed up seven years later. Of the 92 survivors, 76 were successfully interviewed. Few differences were found between the groups. Chronic mild symptoms and moderate social disability persisted, and tended to worsen a little. Treatment patterns persisted for one to two years beyond the original study; the CPN group had more CPN contacts, fewer psychiatric out-patient contacts and less psychiatric care. Thereafter, more out-patients were discharged from psychiatric care and care patterns for the two groups became similar. Out-patients attended more non-psychiatric out-patient clinics than the CPN group, but it is possible that this reflected pre-existing differences. About a third of patients remained in contact with the psychiatric service during follow-up.

La historia del Trabajo Social está directamente relacionada con la movilidad de los pobres. Son esas movilidades las que han sido objeto de intervenciones, tanto las movilidades internas de los pobres autóctonos como la de aquellos percibidos como extraños a la comunidad. La acogida o rechazo, la integración o/y exclusión social de los inmigrantes ocupó a los pioneros del Trabajo Social hace más de cien años, fue parte importante de sus tareas durante el siglo pasado y ha seguido ocupando un espacio importante, pero no reconocido, en la historia del Trabajo Social. El tema de este artículo es la conceptualización de la condición de refugiado y de inmigrante como discapacidad social en las políticas y prácticas de integración desarrolladas en Suecia, conceptualización que ha legitimado la expansión del Trabajo Social como responsable de la integración de refugiados y otros grupos. Se trata de una historia que matiza las narrativas dominantes sobre las características incluyentes del estado de bienestar sueco., The history of Social Work has been closely linked to the mobility of the poor. These mobilities have always been object of interventions, both the internal mobility of the national poor as well as the movements of those poor perceived as strangers in the national context. The social integration and / or social exclusion of migrants occupied the pioneers of Social Work and during the past century migrants has continued to occupy a considerable part of the work hours of social workers. However, neither mobility nor migrants have been a recognized part of the social work history narrative. The topic of this article is how refugeeness and migration have been conceptualized as a state of social disability in both Swedish Social Work policies and practice. This conceptualization has legitimized the expansion of Social Work as dominant factor in the social integration process of refugees and other groups. It is a story that gives new perspectives on the dominant narratives about the inclusive character of the Swedish welfare state.

There is growing interest in measuring social disability as a core element of autism spectrum disorders in medication trials. We conducted a secondary analysis on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Social Withdrawal subscale using data from two federally-funded, multi-site, randomized trials with risperidone. Study 1 included 52 subjects assigned to placebo and 49 subjects to risperidone under double-blind conditions. Study 2 included 49 subjects assigned to risperidone only and 75 subjects assigned to risperidone plus parent training. After 8 weeks of treatment, all active treatments were superior to placebo (effect sizes ranging from 0.42 to 0.65). The findings suggest that the Social Withdrawal subscale may be a useful measure of social disability in acute treatment trials.

Introduction/Background Hypermetric tremor, from cerebellar origin, directly relate to iterative hypermetria by delayed antagonist correction at each movement, is a frequent neurological disorder, which can cause significant functional and social disability. Nowadays, the clinical evaluation of tremors relies mainly on subjective rating tools. The purpose of the study was to develop quantitative markers of hypermetric tremor of the upper limb to help clinicians with diagnosis, follow-up and assessment of treatment effects. Material and method We prospectively analyzed data from two volumetric tests (30 seconds and 5 table-to-mouth tests), a device for evaluating rapid alternating pronosupination movements “the Hand Tapper” (large/small movements ratios) and spiralography (number of spikes per turn and symmetry coefficient). We compared these parameters in three populations: 18 patients (age: 63 ± 16 years) with upper limb cerebellar tremor, 15 patients with Parkinson's disease with predominant tremor (67 ± 7 years) and 18 healthy subjects (age: 63 ± 15 years). Results At the volumetric tests, the height of remaining water is measured in the polystyrene cup (90 mm height) after each test. For the 30 seconds posture test (H30): cerebellar = 41.2 ± 8.5 mm, parkinson = 82.9 ± 4.5 mm, healthy subjects = 90.0 ± 0.0 mm, (P cerebellar vs parkinson = 2 × 10−5) and for the 5 table-to-mouth back and forth movements test (HX5): cerebellar = 27.3 ± 7.6 mm, parkinson = 88.7 ± 0.3 mm, healthy subjects = 89.9 ± 0.1 mm (P cerebellar vs parkinson = 10−11). At the “Hand Tapper”, the large/small pronosupination movements ratios (L/S) were: cerebellar = 65.0 ± 4.6%, parkinson = 50.2 ± 2.2%, healthy subjects = 47.9 ± 3.0% (P cerebellar vs parkinson = 0.01). At the spiralography, the number of spikes per turn were: cerebellar = 10.7 ± 1.7; parkinson 6.1 ± 1.3; healthy subjects = 2.0 ± 0.3 (P cerebellar vs parkinson = 0.03). Conclusion The height of remaining water on volumetric tests, L/S ratios with Hand Tapper, and the number of spicules on spiralography seem to be representative markers of cerebellar hypermetry, compared to “parkinsonism”. Explorations of diagnostic performances of these parameters and correlations with the severity of the tremor will be the subject of a future analysis.