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This article analyses the dynamics of the sex trade in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. It argues that the sex trade has adapted to the conflict and its different actors and demonstrates how it operates in such constrained contexts. The article is based on ethnographic research with sex workers in Bogotá who have experience working in different conflict zones. It found that the sex trade is dynamic and that sex workers develop strategies to resist violence and adapt to the respective contexts. These sex workers are a type of ‘floating migrants’, living and surviving on the sex trade not only for the income it generates but also for the relationships they build with other sex workers, establishment managers, and combatants. The article concludes that the sex trade in Colombia did not arise as a result of the armed conflict. Rather, it is a phenomenon that exists as part of a broader market before, during, and after episodes of violence.

Abstract Background During the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic, public health orders disrupted income generation in numerous sectors and many governments provided emergency financial support. Access to government support and changes in engagement in sex work during the early period of the pandemic among people who use drugs (PWUD) are not well described. In the present study, we investigate the prevalence and correlates of engaging in sex work during the COVID-19 pandemic, among PWUD in Vancouver, Canada. Methods Data derived from three harmonized cohorts of PWUD. Using multivariable logistic regression, we characterized factors associated with engaging in sex work in the last month between July 17 and November 30, 2020. Reports of changes in frequency of engagement in sex work since the pandemic were also collected. Results Of the 864 individuals included in this analysis, 55 (6.4%) reported sex work engagement in the last month. Among these participants, 40.7% reported receiving COVID-19 income support in the past month vs. 52.7% of the rest of the sample, though receipt of income support in the past six months was similar between the two groups (72.2% vs. 75.7%, p = 0.624). In multivariable analysis, receipt of financial support in the last month was negatively associated with engagement in sex work in the last month (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.44 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.81]). Among 69 participants who responded to a question regarding changes in engagement in sex work, 38 (55.1%) reported a decrease, 11 (15.9%) reported an increase, 19 (27.5%) reported no change, and 1 (1.4%) reported cessation. Conclusions Findings document that engagement in sex work appears to have declined early in the pandemic. Participants who received income support in the past month were less likely to report recent engagement in sex work. Findings suggest that recent receipt of income support may have contributed to reductions in engagement in sex work. Additional investigation is warranted.

This article analyses the dynamics of the sex trade in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. It argues that the sex trade has adapted to the conflict and its different actors and demonstrates how it operates in such constrained contexts. The article is based on ethnographic research with sex workers in Bogotá who have experience working in different conflict zones. It found that the sex trade is dynamic and that sex workers develop strategies to resist violence and adapt to the respective contexts. These sex workers are a type of ‘floating migrants’, living and surviving on the sex trade not only for the income it generates but also for the relationships they build with other sex workers, establishment managers, and combatants. The article concludes that the sex trade in Colombia did not arise as a result of the armed conflict. Rather, it is a phenomenon that exists as part of a broader market before, during, and after episodes of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espiga is the property of Revista Espiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Punto Género is the property of Revista Punto Genero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article compares the representation of Asian sex workers in William T. Vollmann’s Butterfly Stories(1993) and Michel Houellebecq’s Platform(Plateforme, 2001). Both the novels are set in South-East Asia, and both involve an apologetic and romanticised description of the sex trade. By comparing the two novels, I argue that both authors’ treatments of the sex industry develop a critique of Western Orientalism, and at the same time sympathy for and complicity with the colonial power dynamics that regulate the relationships between Asian countries and the West.

This research will describe the different spaces and modalities in which the sex trade is carried out in two municipalities in the state of San Luis Potosí. The complexity of dealing with this phenomenon begins with the knowledge that there is no reliable information about the people who perform it; it is a phenomenon that presents different ways and places of practicing it, which shows a continuum that goes from relative freedom to coertion this research will seek to analyze whether it is possible to affirm that women autonomously manage their body, specifically their sexuality, to obtain an economic benefit. The methodology was qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with women in the sex trade, and context observation was carried out for a period of approximately two years, beginning in mid-2017 and ending in mid-2019. Before starting the fieldwork, the zones and places were located in the municipalities of Ciudad Valles and San Luis Potosí. In order to be able to carry out the observation and the interviews, the researchers carried out a previous work with the women. The results show that there are great differences and variants within the sex trade, some women exercise it voluntarily, others seem to be doing it in a forced manner. In all the variants identified in this research, there were some common characteristics: no woman exercised the sex trade as a chosen option, they do so because of the need to have a source of income, because they do not have education and studies or as a learned activity of their mothers or grandmothers; and all the women constantly suffer violence, this leads us to affirm that women do not manage their bodies autonomously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article I analyze the creation and feminization of the position of watchmen of prostitution in Oaxaca City at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. Using administrative documents, I identify the historical causes of the involvement of women in surveillance and security activities, the reasons that led authorities to accept women in a traditionally male job, as well as the immediate changes and continuity produced. Th is analysis shows how, by means of this specialized job, a small group of women entered the public space and started to work as watchwomen from early on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the representation of Asian sex workers in William T. Vollmann's Butterfly Stories (1993) and Michel Houellebecq's Platform (Plateforme, 2001). Both the novels are set in South-East Asia, and both involve an apologetic and romanticised description of the sex trade. By comparing the two novels, I argue that both authors' treatments of the sex industry develop a critique of Western Orientalism, and at the same time sympathy for and complicity with the colonial power dynamics that regulate the relationships between Asian countries and the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostitution is illegal in China and is frequently the target of law enforcement crackdowns. In recent years, the country's growing emphasis on combating human trafficking has also increased the profile of these anti-prostitution campaigns. This is seen in China's current anti-trafficking roadmap, which identifies the nationwide eradication of prostitution as an important prong of the country's anti-trafficking campaign. The two phenomena of prostitution and trafficking in women, or female trafficking, are nevertheless not equivalent. This article argues that, in the contemporary discourse on prostitution and female trafficking in China, the two issues are often conflated. The two terms are used interchangeably in a way that has affected the conceptualisation of female trafficking as a phenomenon that is largely synonymous with prostitution. This problem is exacerbated by the social stigma attached to women who are engaged in prostitution, regardless of the circumstances of their entry. Another aspect of this discourse is its dissociation from historical context, despite the fact that neither prostitution nor the trafficking in Chinese women for the exploitation of prostitution are newly arrived challenges for the present generation. The article therefore argues that discussions on prostitution and female trafficking in China would benefit from a conceptually clear framework that examines these challenges as more than a singular purpose of exploitation or a challenge of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sexual exploitation of youth is a complex and multidimensional social problem. Understanding the antecedents and factors that entrap youth into the world of sexual exploitation is imperative for effective interventions. This article presents a visual entitled the Waters of Sexual Exploitation that is used as a training tool for social service personnel to understand the world of sexually exploited youth. The visual was developed through an extensive review of the literature as well as interviews with individuals involved in the sex trade, with specific focus on the overrepresentation of Aboriginal youth who are sexually exploited. The Waters of Sexual Exploitation visual helps to capture the complex relationships that develop between sexually exploited youth, the people that exploit the youth, and the helpers working with youth exiting this world. The visual is enhanced by the inclusion of the lived experience of a survivor of this world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liberalization of sexual customs in late capitalism, together with neoliberal market deregulation, encouraged the expansion of a sexual market in which certain businesses operate illegally, as in the case of people trafficking. In these pages, I reflect on the disagreement between feminists who support the new abolitionism and those that advocate new forms of organizing labor and labor rights for sexual workers. This opposition is a significant expression of the Sex Wars, waged particularly in the United States parallel to the development of feminism, whose theoretical and political influence has framed the feminist debate worldwide. In addition to this, there is the punitive approach of criminological and judicial policy regarding sexual trade, which further expands the political gap between feminists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depressed mood among people who have traded sex for money in the Saskatoon Health Region (SHR), the adjusted risk factors for depressed mood among this sample, and if depressed mood was associated with decreased self-efficacy for safe sexual practices and injection drug use. Methods: Two-hundred ninety-nine people who have traded sex for money were surveyed with validated instruments for measuring risk behaviours, depressed mood, and self-efficacy for safe sexual practices. Results: The sample consisted primarily of low-income, poorly educated Aboriginal women, many of whom also indicated using injection drugs. Using the 16-point score cut-off for the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 84.6% of participants had depressed mood. When the cut-off score was 23 points or higher, 65.9% had depressed mood. After multivariate analysis, covariates that had an independent association with depressed mood included injecting a drug in the past 4 weeks (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8), suffering the death or permanent separation from a parent before the age of 18 (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.15), and physical assault or abuse by a partner in adult life (OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.38 to 5.64). Depressed mood was associated with lower self-efficacy scores for safe sexual behaviours. Conclusions: Our study suggests that high rates of depressed mood among people who have traded sex for money is associated with injection drug use and low self-efficacy for safe sexual health practices. These findings are important and may help explain the high rates of human immunodeficiency virus within the SHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Maguaré is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Special Period in Cuba and the subsequent boom of the tourism industry opened a window of opportunity for young black men to engage in the sex trade, or more reflective of how these men view their work, sex play-labour. Many Canadians and Europeans travel to the island and share their goods, ideas, and money with MSM sex play-labourers in exchange for companionship, romance, and sex. During sex, generally white foreign men are penetrated anally by black MSM sex play-labourers who have identified themselves as “pingueros” (cocks to be ridden). The typology, “pinguero,” has been collectively constructed by the men involved with MSM sex play-labour to better eroticize and exoticize themselves in the eyes of the foreigner. As a result of this identity being understood locally as belonging to penetrators of foreign male bodies, Cuban officials have turned a blind eye to the MSM sex trade. This can be understood to be the result of machista beliefs by which the penetration of a male body results in the feminization and inherent relative inferiority to the dominator and by extension, becomes an ideologically charged act of anti-imperialism. The efficacy of paternalistic anti-imperial intentions may be multiplied by the fact that HIV is contracted eight times more easily by the receiver in anal sex than the penetrator, thus increasing the spread of the epidemic off the island. Negotiating with notions of blackness and white superiority, black MSM(O) sex play-labourers have ingeniously repositioned themselves in a Havana that is being reshaped by a tourism industry that penetrates the island with late capitalism and re-globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, gender-based violence and sexual assault is widespread. Poverty, particularly amongst black women, is also rife. Women selling sex on the street are at greatest risk for adverse health outcomes, violence and poverty. This study sought to explore the challenges faced by women attempting to exit the street-based sex trade. Two focus groups, a total of 21 black women, were conducted. These groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. The emerging themes exemplified a general sense of disempowerment and highlighted needs for exit. Context-specific requirements need to be elucidated for the development of successful exit interventions and policy reform. Further research should focus on the issue of decriminalization, empowerment and consciousnessraising in order to truly understand the relative harms to health in diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African-American youth are disproportionately affected by parental incarceration and the consequences of parental substance use. Many adapt to the loss of their parents to prison or drug addiction by engaging in sex-risk behavior, particularly the sex trade. These youth may engage in this risky behavior for a number of reasons. Although previous research has examined this issue, most of these studies have focused on runaway or street youth or youth in international settings. Empirical evidence on correlates of trading sex for money among urban African-American youth is practically missing. Using a sample of 192 African-American youth living in urban public housing, this paper attempts to rectify this gap in knowledge by assessing how individual and parental factors are related to the likelihood of a youth trading sex for money. The sample for this study reported a mean age of 19; 28 % reported having traded sex for money; 30 % had a father currently in prison; and 7 % reported having a mother currently in prison. Maternal incarceration and paternal substance use were associated with a higher likelihood of trading sex for money. Given the potential health risks associated with trading sex for money, understanding correlates of this behavior has important implications for the health of this vulnerable population of youth and urban health in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the household economies of male industrial workers of India after their sudden retrenchment. They had been victims of a defective industrial policy, and they did not get compensation as per the recruitment policy of the Government of India. As they were ill-prepared for retrenchment, they have struggled over extended periods. In a desperate attempt at household survival, their wives chose the sex trade. These women used a brothel in Kolkata to ply the sex trade as floating sex workers. They operated in a clandestine manner as the brothel was restricted to daytime use. They used their earnings to manage their households while their husbands were still unemployed. Thus, in an era of women's empowerment, women appeared to have no employment alternatives during crisis periods. As a result, the relationship between women and household management during a household's economic crisis has emerged as a new theme in the discourse on future socio-economic relations and the status of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the sex trade of women in international migrations, in this case between Brazil and Portugal. It wants to grasp the variety and the singularity of the personal and economic strategies and issues mobilized by these women in order to accomplish their short or medium term projects. After characterizing migration movements between Portugal and Brazil, particularly regarding the new forms of sexually paid relationships, this article presents the major results of an exploratory field work conducted with Brazilian women and their original goals, their installation, their lifestyle, and their “coexistence compromise”. The lasts are made of many forms of prohibitions, as well as many aspirations, such as marriage that would improve their social, economic and family conditions, while seeking a sought after social recognition, both in Portugal and Brazil.

A ten year plan to end homelessness was established in Calgary, a major city in Canada. When representatives of service agencies were asked if they had special programs for Aboriginal people, they questioned why this would be necessary. To answer this, data collected from members of the city's homeless population by the Calgary Homeless Foundation were examined to compare those who self-reported as being Aboriginal to those who did not. In this sample of the homeless population, Aboriginal participants were found to be younger, less educated, more likely to be unemployed, to have experienced foster care, and to have been the victim of an attack. They tended to use health services more. These results are discussed in light of the social and political challenges facing Aboriginal people. They point to the need for attention to the special needs of Aboriginal people in plans to end homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a secondary analysis of transcripts from a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project that sought to represent through photovoice the lived experience of five exited sex trade workers. The focus of the secondary thematic transcript analysis was to discern group processes and describe group dynamics of six two-hour group meetings. Creating and maintaining an environment of safety emerged as a primary theme. The group processes resembled mutual aid groups, which are characterized by people offering assistance to each other in an interpersonal forum that demands personal reflection. Group dynamics revealed that an important aspect of CBPR photovoice research is the collaborative creation of a safe place for showing photographs and storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the sexual exploitation of children contributing to the understanding of risk and situations favouring the entry and permanence of children and adolescents from the reconstruction of the life routes of individuals subject to this form of child abuse. From an ethnographic approach six life routes were achieved, 4 girls and 2 boys sexually exploited in the Center Community of the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. It highlights the analysis and documentation of the family and social context of interaction and daily practices of a complex problem characterized by exclusion, abuse and stigma for children in this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This short paper concentrates on three powerful ideas introduced by three important theorists, namely, Merton's interpretation of anomie in America, Fromm's critical aesthetics regarding man's consciousness in relation to nature, and finally Du Bois' concept of the "racial wage" (Lemert, 2004, pp. 218-240). Those theories are then applied to the Japanese phenomenon of the "compensated date" and the Thai "sex industry". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European prostitutes occupied an important intermediary status in colonial Bombay's racially stratified sexual order. In this article, the author offers a transnational feminist analysis of how the colonial state managed its racial and spatial location. The colonial state individuated, flustered, and monitored European prostitutes much more closely than others involved in the sex trade, and "coercive protection" by the police and brothel mistresses kept European brothel workers within their assigned spaces. Paradoxically, international antitrafficking efforts in colonial Bombay consolidated, rather than undermined, these relations of coercive protection. The League of Nations' antitrafficking measures in the 1920s encouraged the police to focus on cross-national cases and third-party procurers and to overlook women who were deemed insufficiently pure. Comparing police, missionary, and social workers' records, the author offers a critique of both international antitrafficking discourses and the Indian colonial state's interests in sustaining the sex trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]