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Mastery of the art of crafting online reviews and responses is essential as a valuable additional tool for enhancing learners' English proficiency in specialised contexts. This study aims to: 1) Examine the formality levels in crafting reviews and responses; 2) Explore face-threatening acts utilised in reviews and politeness strategies employed in responses; and 3) Uncover moves and steps in composing reviews and responses. Data was collected from the Top 25 Hotels in the World in 2022 according to Tripadvisor.com. Six distinct corpora were formed, comprising positive, negative, and mixed reviews, along with corresponding responses, resulting in 87,973 tokens. Findings show reviewers leaned towards casual language (85.87%), while respondents used a consultative style (82.67%) in their responses. The shift from casual to consultative occurred most frequently (70.67%). For politeness, admiration (73.07%) and expressions of complaints/reprimands (64.53%) were common in reviews. In responses, strategies like offering, promising, or giving gifts (72.00%) and apologising and begging for forgiveness (50.40%) were prevalent. Reviews used three moves and ten steps, while responses employed six moves and 16 steps. These insights can be integrated into ESP classrooms to enhance review and response writing skills effectively.

This study explores users' perceptions of the Virtual Assistant application facilitated by the Anadolu University Open Education System. It assesses the application's effectiveness and user satisfaction by analyzing opinions regarding its importance and the experience it delivers. The research delineates its population as learners engaging with the Virtual Assistant within the Anadolu University Open Education Framework. Employing a sequential explanatory design within mixed-method research methodologies, the investigation commenced with an online Virtual Assistant Satisfaction Survey involving 374 participants as the sample-subsequent focus group discussions with 18 users aimed to delve deeper into satisfaction levels vis-à-vis user expectations. Findings indicate a moderate level of satisfaction among users with the Virtual Assistant application, reflecting a congruence with anticipated outcomes. Moreover, the analysis across various dimensions revealed a comprehensive satisfaction in alignment with user expectations, particularly highlighting approval for the application's adherence to the Open Education website's design language. Conversely, dissatisfaction was noted concerning the specificity and utility of the information provided. The study identifies a disparity in satisfaction levels, with high marks in design aspects and lower evaluations in usability. Recommendations are extended towards enhancing the Virtual Assistant and similar tools through user-centric development and encouraging further research predicated on the insights garnered from this study.

This study explores the perspectives of Indian library professionals on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries. It aims to understand their knowledge, awareness, and views on AI and its challenges and opportunities. The research adopts a quantitative approach, using a closed-ended survey to collect data from 386 library professionals in academic institutions across India. The survey covers various aspects, including socio-demographic information, AI knowledge, perspectives on AI in libraries, ethical considerations, and adopting AI tools and services. The findings indicate that Indian library professionals are generally aware of AI and its potential benefits in libraries. They believe AI can enhance library activities, improve accessibility, and support decision-making. However, there are concerns about AI replacing human intelligence within libraries. Factors such as user privacy, funding, staff expertise, and alignment with institutional goals are essential when implementing AI applications. Ethical considerations, including bias and discrimination, intellectual freedom, and transparency, are also significant concerns. AI tools like smart shelving and optical character recognition (OCR) are among the technologies already adopted in Indian libraries.

This practice report provides an overview of a podcast series designed to support first-year student transition to university and promote wellbeing and belonging. The podcast was established in 2017 in a compulsory first year law subject (Legal Institutions and Methods) at La Trobe University, Australia. The podcasts record interviews with students who have recently completed the subject and are designed to (a) give interviewees an opportunity to reflect on their experiences and (b) provide advice to future commencing law students (i.e., their peers). The podcast is a form of peer-to-peer mentoring that requires a relatively small investment of resources and provides on-demand support to students as they commence their law studies. The concept is readily adaptable to other disciplines.

With the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world in 2019, human life has moved to a different dimension. Accordingly, the education process was carried out remotely in Turkey as well as in the rest of the world. Virtual education was not a new concept for societies, but conducting the entire education process remotely was a very different practice and this practice brought many problems with it. In this context, this study aims to determine the opinions of teachers after the pandemic regarding the virtual education process of primary school students with disabilities who continue inclusive education settings. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted and data were collected by conducting semi-structured individual interviews with 10 primary school teachers who have students with disabilities in their class. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Research results revealed that teachers did not have any problems in involving students with disabilities who were supported by their parents and who did not have any infrastructure problems in terms of technical equipment, but they have problems in including some children in virtual education. Teachers had difficulty in following the education of students with disabilities during the virtual education process implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, it is a very important issue that our national action plans are ready for the education process of students with disabilities, especially for situations such as pandemics and natural disasters that have recently occurred in our country.

Purpose: This study investigates teachers' professional judgement about Russia's war on Ukraine as an unplanned, controversial classroom issue. Design: It employs 26 interviews with Russian teachers collected during the invasion's first month. Findings: The analysis identifies six situations and five teaching approaches that emerged in response to these, with varying degrees of student voice and political commitment. The inclusion of student voice is limited by perceived student passivity, lack of skill, and political disagreement with students. Satisfaction with the status quo, lack of social status, and fear of harming students were obstacles to pursuing political commitment. Research implications: By exploring the dynamics of depoliticisation in the classroom, this article adds to the literature on the co-construction of authoritarianism in Russia. It also highlights practices of resistance and 'everyday politics' stemming from teacher professionalism as a function of individual and structural factors.

In this article, I attempt to conceptually analyze points of disagreement among the students of the first democratic high school in Norway, The Experimental Gymnasium of Oslo (EGO). The clashes and disagreements among the students started heating up immediately after the school was opened in the fall of 1967. As they were learning how to run their school, the students discovered profound differences in their views of education and its purposes. Their deep disagreements about the meaning of education and conflicts about their school practices almost broke up their school right at the very start of its existence. Their different understandings of education erupted in a passionate and dramatic general assembly meeting, which they later referred to as the Soul-Searching Assembly. This four-and-a-half hour-long meeting was recorded and its transcript was published (Hem & Remlov, 1969). In this article, I analyze the dialogues from the assembly, looking for the students' diverse ideological and conceptual positions, views, desires, and underlying values. The tensions and clashes the students voiced echo the profound paradigmatic differences in conceptualizing education throughout the modern history of education, from the Enlightenment until now, a few decades into the 21st century. The purpose of my analysis is to examine these paradigmatically different views and the concerns behind them. These radically different paradigmatic, conceptual, and axiological positions have an effect on what we may consider being good, ethical, just, and true for human existence, human relationships, and human rights in general, and especially in education. The EGO students' intensive and urgent ontological need to explain their very different positions to each other allowed me to take a closer look into the tensions and conflicts still existing in the larger cultural-historical public sphere of discourse on education.

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effectiveness of the keyword strategy, one of the mnemonic strategies, in learning science concepts for middle school students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in Türkiye. The participants were 27 middle school students between the 5th and 8th grades receiving supplemental instruction in special education and rehabilitation centers. In addition to the existing supplemental instruction in the centers, the students in the experimental group received science concept instruction based on the keyword strategy. This implementation was carried out once a week for three weeks for each student. The students in the control group followed the regular supplemental instruction in their centers. Data was collected using the science concept measurement tool and the social validity form prepared by the researchers. The data was analyzed via the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results indicated a significant improvement in science concept scores for students in the experimental group from pretest to posttest, and this improvement was retained in the scores of the follow-up test conducted six weeks after the implementation. The social validity findings showed that these students generally expressed positive opinions about the science concept instruction based on the keyword strategy. For future research, studies should compare the performance of typically developing students and students with SLD who receive instruction based on the mnemonic strategies.

The aim of this study is to determine the primary school fourth-grade students' understanding of four operation symbols, using them in arithmetic operations and word problems. Phenomenology research design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The participants of the research consist of 123 students, attending the fourth grade of primary school (9 years old). The participants of the study were determined by using convenience sampling, The "four operation symbol study form" developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the students formed meanings in different categories for the meanings of symbols, they were more successful in writing arithmetic operations by using symbols than in solving arithmetic operations. It was concluded that the students showed lower success in writing and solving word problems by using symbols compared to writing and solving arithmetic operations. It was determined that the lowest success in the use of symbols in arithmetic operations and word problems was in the use of the "=" symbol. [Note: The volume number (5) shown in the header on the PDF is incorrect. The correct issue number is 15.]

This research aims to compare the awareness, efficacy and attitudes, and opinions of science teachers (STs) and prospective science teachers (PSTs) toward STEM. In this study, convergent parallel design from mixed methods was used. The study group consists of 45 STs and 177 PSTs. In the quantitative dimension of the study, "Teacher Efficacy and Attitudes Towards STEM Survey" and "STEM Awareness Scale " were applied to the study group, which was formed by sampling criteria and maximum diversity from purposeful sampling. In the qualitative dimension of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 STs and 25 PSTs selected through maximum diversity sampling from purposeful sampling. As a result of the research, it was observed that although the STEM awareness, efficacy, and attitudes of STs and PSTs were similar, they had positive attitudes. However, most of the participants in both groups considered themselves inadequate in STEM, expressed their opinions about the adverse effects of STEM applications as well as their positive effects, and that STEM applications were effective in career selection and country development.

Governments and educational authorities around the world are emphasizing performance evaluation of educational systems. Opinion Mining (OM) has gained acceptance among experts in various regions, including the preparation space. The proposed model involves Two modules: the data preprocessing module and the opinion mining module. The main objective of our article is to enhance educational systems through the analysis of student comments, teacher comments and course comments. Furthermore, the proposed model uses a bundling task to make groups of packs for students from its comments. The datasets were 10,000 instances, 80% of which were for training and 20% for testing. The results showed that K-Means Algorithm had the best accuracy time /Sec of 0.03. The correctly classified 8,000 instances were equal to 96%, and incorrectly classified 2,000 instances were equal to 4%, Accuracy of the model is 95%, Recall is 94.8% and F-Measure is 93.7% between others algorithms. clustering and Association Rule Mining phases Algorithms namely Chi-Square test is good quality than Others Algorithms.

Pre-service science teachers have difficulty with designing learning activities and writing lesson plans using STEM education. This research aims to: (1) develop a learning package to enhance competency in designing learning activities using STEM Education approach for pre-service science teachers, (2) implement the learning package to develop undergraduate students' competency, and (3) study students' opinions toward the instruction. This research was classroom action research, which used ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implement, and Evaluate) to develop and implement the learning package in enhancing student competency in designing learning activities. The participants of this study were 31 fourth-year undergraduate students enrolled in the course of Science Instruction, in the program of Bachelor of Education in the Department of General Science, Faculty of Science. The research tools consisted of: (1) the learning packages, (2) the students' competency assessment form by evaluating from tasks and performance of the students using scoring rubrics, (3) the competency self-assessment form, and (4) the students' opinions questionnaire towards the instruction. Both quantitative data and qualitative data were collected by using the competency assessment forms and the questionnaire. The statistics used to analyze the data were mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The results show that 67.74% of students were at excellent level from assessing students' competency, and 32.26% of students were at good level. The mean score of overall competencies of the students were 83.43%. The students' competency from self-assessment was at low level before learning, and it was at very high level after learning, and the students' opinions towards the instruction were highly satisfied. The qualitative data from open ended questions questionnaire were analysed using content analysis. The result showed students' feedback and satisfaction toward learning. The finding can benefit science teachers and curriculum developers in designing learning activities.

The process of becoming an expert teacher, which is one of the career steps of teachers, and the evaluation of this process are important and necessary in terms of education. The general purpose of this study is to obtain the opinions of primary school teachers about the Expert Teacher Training Program Seminar (ETTPS). In the study, a qualitative research approach was adopted, and a case study design was preferred. The data were collected from the primary school teachers who received the aforementioned seminar at the beginning of the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The research group consisted of 24 primary school teachers who were identified by the maximum diversity sampling method among the primary school teachers working in public primary schools in a province of Turkey. The research data were analyzed using content analysis. Primary school teachers listed the concepts related to expert teaching as experience, seniority, educational status, professional development, presentation skills, and competence. While the primary school teachers stated that the training was both necessary and not necessary, they also stated that the training they received did not contribute to their professional development. Most of the primary school teachers stated that the training they received did not meet their expectations. In addition, it was revealed that the online delivery of the ETTPS caused some problems in terms of time, internet, and devices in terms of follow-up. Primary school teachers offered some suggestions for changing the prerequisites for the current career ladder. In particular, they suggested that the trainings should be long-term, interactive, and face-to-face, and that examples with active participation should be provided for the implementation of different education systems. It is thought that this research will benefit all stakeholders, especially program developers, in terms of the career ladder of the teaching profession.

Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to explore an assignment given to students in an online gender and leadership graduate course as a tool to help them think critically about how music influences perceptions of gender roles in both society and leadership. Design/methodology/approach: The assignment directs students to review the current Billboard "Hot 100" chart, which lists the top 100 songs in the United States each week based on sales and streams. Students are prompted to identify a song with gendered themes and discuss how the song portrays women and/or men, what gender stereotypes the song supports or refutes, and whether the messaging is positive or negative in nature. Finally, the students discuss ways that the message in the song could influence the listener's opinion about gender stereotypes and what effect that could have on gendered leadership issues. Findings: Students use this assignment as an opportunity to apply the course material that relates to the importance of gender representation and the influence of media on gender issues in leadership. Originality/value: Recommendations are provided to inspire creative ideas for leadership educators who seek to prepare students to understand organizational challenges related to gender issues in leadership.

Two studies examined how preschoolers (N = 610; French) explain differences in achievement. Replicating and extending previous research, the results revealed that children invoke more inherent factors (e.g., intelligence) than extrinsic factors (e.g., access to educational resources) when explaining why some children do better in school than others. This inherence bias in explanation can contribute to inequalities in education (e.g., the early-emerging disparities based on social class) by portraying them as fair and legitimate even when they are not.

The study of social learning examines how individuals learn from others by means of observation, imitation, or compliance with advice. However, it still remains largely unknown whether social learning processes have a distinct contribution to behavior, independent from non-social trial-and-error learning that often occurs simultaneously. 153 participants completed a reinforcement learning task, where they were asked to make choices to gain rewards. Advice from an artificial teacher was presented in 60% of the trials, allowing us to compare choice behavior with and without advice. Results showed a strong and reliable tendency to follow advice (test-retest reliability [approximately]0.73). Computational modeling suggested a unique contribution of three distinct learning strategies: (a) individual learning (i.e., learning the value of actions, independent of advice), (b) informed advice-taking (i.e., learning the value of following advice), and (c) non-informed advice-taking (i.e., a constant bias to follow advice regardless of outcome history). Comparing artificial and empirical data provided specific behavioral regression signatures to both informed and non-informed advice taking processes. We discuss the theoretical implications of integrating internal and external information during the learning process.

In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of secondary school students about educational robotics applications. The case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The research was carried out with 7th grade students of two different secondary schools in the Battalgazi district of Malatya province in the 2021-2022 academic year. The study group of the research consisted of 18 students, who were determined according to the purposive sampling method. In the study group, science lesson teaching was carried out with educational robotic applications for about two months. The data of the study were obtained with a semi-structured interview form consisting of seven questions developed by the researchers. Descriptive analysis method was used in the analysis of the obtained data. As a result of the research, most of the students stated that they liked the activities, associated the applications with daily life, their interest in the science lesson increased, they worked in collaborative groups, the lessons were fun, and they wanted robotics training sets to be used in their lessons in the future. In addition, some of the students stated that they found the applications confusing at the beginning of the studies, that they had difficulties in the coding part and that there were in-group discussions. In line with the findings, suggestions were made regarding the use of robotic applications in teaching science courses.

New strategies come along all the time, but these strategies matter little if educators are not sure why they are using them or what the desired outcome is. Quality literacy instruction should be rooted in effective foundational practices. Text-dependent questions offer a foundation for literacy practices that support students' comprehension, understanding, and discussion of complex texts. These questions can be asked at different cognitive levels -- literal, structural, and inferential. Strategic use of these text-dependent questions can also be used to scaffold student deeper reading and inference making. The questions can also be integrated into a variety of literacy activities and help ensure that the text remains central to the after-reading literacy activities. These activities can be used throughout a literacy curriculum.

This study aims to reveal the opinions of teacher candidates on unemployment, which has been observed more seriously among the young in the society recently, the provision of employment to the individuals in the society, and the links between unemployment and the Turkish education system. In this study, which was designed as qualitative research, it was tried to put forward the anxiety, opinions and solution suggestions of the candidate teachers who are fourth-year students in Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University and Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Education Faculties about unemployment. In the study, in the approaches of teacher candidates to the concept of unemployment, they perceived unemployment as not being able to find a job or being sentenced to a job that was not suitable for its quality; the candidate teachers were observed to explain unemployment through definitions such as disrepute, seeing no respect in society, living in need of others, being left behind in the struggle for survival. It is seen that participants find the vocational guidance in the education system insufficient and unplanned, and they focus on solutions to increase the quality of education, not to increase the duration of education and the number of educational institutions as a suggestion to create employment. It has been stated that the Turkish education system should be saved from its competitive and rote structure that does not respond to the subjective needs of individuals, that teacher training institutions should be removed from their theoretical, multiple-choice examination-oriented structure, and a qualified teacher training system that gives more space to practise should be established.

The implications of how teacher development courses (TDCs) should be designed for integrated STEM education are essential for in-class STEM education practices. This study compares the three TDCs accomplished to support teachers' professional development (PD) for integrated STEM education in terms of pedagogical knowledge, technological knowledge, and strategy. A holistic multiple-case study design was used in this study. Each TDC was considered a case study, and case-specific analyses were made. The findings obtained for each case were then compared. The first TDC included only computer science teachers and showed us the necessity of interdisciplinary work to enhance integrated STEM education. The second TDC demonstrated that this work could be accomplished by combining the content knowledge of teachers from various disciplines; however, the second TDC's drawbacks included identifying real-world problems, a lack of response to the engineering approach for science and mathematics teachers, and the rigidity of the collaborative working strategy. Then, we focused on the role and purpose of "T"echnology. Finally, we gave the teachers learning tasks to work collaboratively with teachers in their disciplines first and teachers from other disciplines later. This study shows how a TDC should be designed effectively to support teachers' PD for integrated STEM education.

With this study we aimed at determining the service-learning experiences of pre-service Turkish language teachers in teaching Turkish to Syrian refugee students. The Community Service Practices course plays an important role in the integration of pre-service teachers in the society. A phenomenological design was used in the study in which we investigated the opinions of pre-service teachers about the service-learning processes. The study was conducted with 23 pre-service Turkish language teachers in Kilis 7 Aralik University. The community service practice was realised in a state school where Syrian secondary school students receive education. Interviews were conducted to collect data from the participants, and the content analysis method was used to analyse the data obtained from the interviews. Themes were formed by classifying and interpreting the data. In the study, the experiences of pre-service teachers with students, the teaching process, teaching environment, students, and service-based learning process were analysed. The results indicate that pre-service teachers developed their awareness, took social responsibility, attained occupational experience, and improved their communication with the refugees during the Community Service Practices course. Considering the results obtained it could be argued that service-learning practices have significant benefits for pre-service teachers and students.

Classrooms are a learning environment for teachers as well as students. Teachers can improve their teaching practices by monitoring and reviewing their practices. An important tool of this development is the reflective thinking of teachers. For teachers, reflection is an opportunity to look into the classroom from the outside, to examine the learning process, and to make inferences for pedagogical development. Video recordings of teachers' lessons can be used to stimulate self-reflection by capturing the details of the teaching process and by examining the classroom atmosphere. This study aims to investigate teachers' opinions about using video-based self-reflection for their pedagogical development. Seven teachers participated in the research. Data were collected through a Pre-interview Protocol, Teachers' Reflection Reports written for twelve weeks about one recorded lesson per week, and a Post-interview Protocol after the 12-week video-based self-reflection period. The main findings show that the teachers' video-based self-reflections constitute nine categories and two weeks video-based self-reflection process resulted in changes in teachers' opinions in terms of reflection on video recording, professional development and teaching and learning process.

This document presents the changes belonging to the published article. The study aimed to examine the opinions of the instructors who work at GUHEM (Gökmen Space and Aviation Training Center) on the exhibition's content, how the exhibition spaces contribute to science education, especially astronomy and aviation, and the types of visitors who frequently visit the center. Nine instructors from GUHEM's science centers participated in the study. Data were gathered using the "Instructor Opinion Form," with nine open-ended questions. The data elicited from these questions were subjected to content analysis. The findings showed that children aged 6 to 11 made up the majority of visitors; the fascinating exhibition areas focused on the Solar System and planets and interactive workshops with space and aviation themes, like those involving paper airplane construction and rocket competition, were very popular. In terms of the contribution of this center to science education, it was found that the GUHEM exhibitions played an active role in teaching the solar system, planets, and pressure. Although astronomy is the discipline with which the exhibition areas are most closely associated, it can also be linked to other disciplines like astrobiology, mathematics, and aviation. Instructors shared their worries that they won't be able to meet visitors' expectations and occasionally struggle to understand the subject during activities held at GUHEM. These findings led to the opinion that GUHEM and other science centers will function more effectively if schools and science centers collaborate more, the curriculum and exhibition content are improved, and the instructors receive professional assistance from academicians who are subject-matter experts.

This study investigates how American and Iraqi writers utilize the evaluative resources in newspaper opinion articles (henceforth, op-eds) from a critical discourse analysis perspective. It explores how American and Iraqi writers of op-ed pieces draw on the evaluative resources to establish their attitudes, create rhetorical effects, and serve their ideologies in influencing readers' and addressees' feelings and attitudes towards certain subject matters. This study hopes to enhance the critical thinking of readers of an increasingly important journalistic genre in democratic societies. The main questions this study raises are: On which categories of attitude markers do American and Iraqi op-ed writers base their evaluation? Which types of referencing external voices are the most recurrent? And why? The researcher adopts Martin and White's (2005) appraisal theory and Van Dijk's (2006) ideology perspective to achieve the study's goals. After applying qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, the study finds that the significant ideological strategy of positive-self presentation and negative other-presentation significantly motivates the evaluative resources used by American and Iraqi op-ed writers. Both American and Iraqi op-ed writers use similar evaluative techniques in terms of distribution. The analysis also finds that there are variations concerning the overall frequencies and the frequencies of the sub-types of evaluative resources under examination across the corpus.

In this teaching case, we describe an experiential learning project that allows students to perform sentiment analysis on a set of tweets (posts made on the social media platform, Twitter) by collecting and analyzing posts that include key words selected by the students. Sentiment analysis refers to the process of identifying and categorizing opinions expressed in a piece of text. The project requires students to make edits to an R script, execute the script to save a collection of tweets that contain specific keywords, then open the file and paste the results into a macro-enabled Excel file that is provided. Students then edit the dataset to cleanse the data and write a report to interpret the findings. The assignment requires only a cursory knowledge of programming and Excel. We assign the project to students taking an introductory information systems course but the project could be suitable for courses in business analytics, marketing, social media, computer science, and other subjects.

This study aims to shed light on what students like and dislike in coding bootcamps. A qualitative content analysis of student reviews for coding bootcamps was conducted, resulting in a research model and survey instrument consisting of fourteen factors that are proposed to affect coding bootcamp satisfaction. The proposed satisfaction factors include quality of instructors, value of mentors, availability of TAs, access to support staff, provision of career services, rigor of curriculum, appropriateness of pedagogy, development of peer connections, conduciveness of atmosphere, use of appropriate technology, affordability, openness of communication, quality of prep course, and level of post-bootcamp support. Each of the proposed satisfaction factors is measured with three to ten Likert-style variables. The proposed research model and survey instrument can be used by administrators and educators in coding bootcamps and traditional universities alike to better understand and ultimately improve student satisfaction in computing education.

The study aims to determine possible relationships between the opinions of teacher candidates regarding distance education, and their attitudes toward the technology used in distance education courses. A quantitative research approach structured in a descriptive and relational survey model was used in the research. 81 teacher candidates studying in three different departments participated in the study. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data, and Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman-Brown correlation analysis were employed. The results revealed that there is a positive and moderately significant relationship between the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards technology and their opinions of the distance education process. It has also been determined that there is a positive and moderate relationship between the opinions of teacher candidates in regard to the sub-dimensions of the scale of the distance education process evaluation (levels of accessibility, usability, attitude, technological facilities, and self-efficacy) and their attitudes towards technology. These findings implicate that educators teaching online learners should consider the characteristics of their learners and make decisions regarding the teaching and learning process to create the optimal learning environment.