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Background: When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods: This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents' experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results: Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants' ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion: Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The control room is a critical work environment where optimal performance is essential to minimize errors. Lighting is one of the key environmental factors influencing the performance of control room operators. Inadequate sleep quality and job stress also significantly impact job performance. Poor sleep quality, eye fatigue, inappropriate lighting, and occupational stress can lead to errors and decreased accuracy in work. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the correlation between lighting intensity, eye fatigue, occupational stress, and sleep quality among control room operators at the Abadan Refinery. The study was conducted in 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 190 control room operators at the Abadan Refinery in 2022. A lux meter device was used to evaluate the intensity of lighting. Standard Pittsburgh sleep quality, eye fatigue, and Occupational Stress questionnaires were also administered. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The average light intensity of the work surface was 347.95 ± 147.34 lux. The mean and standard deviation of job stress score and sleep quality were 155.42 ± 9.18 and 9.38 ± 1.62, respectively. The average eye fatigue score was 5.09 ± 0.821 in people without glasses and 4.47 ± 0.828 in people with glasses. A significant correlation was found between brightness intensity and visual fatigue (ρ = 0.201, P = 0.029). The correlation between eye fatigue and sleep quality score was also significant (ρ = 0.225, P = 0.002). However, no significant correlation was observed between lighting intensity and sleep quality (ρ = - 0.005, P = 0.946). The correlation between the overall score of occupational stress and sleep quality was statistically significant (r = - 0.148, P = 0.042). Conclusions: The results showed a significant correlation between lighting intensity and the factors of sleep quality and eye fatigue. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between eye fatigue and sleep quality, as well as between occupational stress and sleep quality. Therefore, it is suggested that planning to minimize job stress, and improve lighting and sleep quality for gas refinery control room personnel should be designed and implemented by the authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main challenges in the treatment of industrial wastewater is the removal of oil-in-water emulsions, which are stable and therefore difficult to treat. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has structural characteristics that make it an ideal filtration membrane. Several research projects are underway to develop new materials, both biotechnological and traditional, for use in filter beds. The study examined the potential of a BC membrane filtration system for treating oily industrial wastewaters, an underexplored biomaterial in wastewater treatment. The results demonstrated that BC is highly effective at removing oily contaminants (~99%), reducing the colour and particulate matter of wastewater, as well as eliminating nearly the entire microbiological load (~99%). SEM, MEV, FTIR, XRD, and TGA confirmed the presence of oil in the interior of the membrane after filtration, characteristic peaks of its chemical composition, and a 40% reduction in crystallinity. TGA revealed an increase from three (pre-filtration) to five (post-filtration) stages of thermal degradation, indicating the retention of the contaminant in the BC. The mechanical tests demonstrated that the membrane has a tensile strength of 72.13 ± 8.22 MPa and tolerated elongation of up to 21.11 ± 4.81% prior to tearing. The BC membrane also exhibited excellent flexibility, as it could be folded >100 times at the same point without exhibiting signs of tearing. The BC surpasses traditional methods, such as activated charcoal and effluent treatment stations, in the removal of emulsified oils. The findings demonstrate that BC is promising for the treatment of industrial wastewaters, which is a field that requires continual technological innovations to mitigate the environmental impacts of the oil industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents’ experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants’ ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience.

The relevance of the research is justified by the rapid development of the oil industry, which requires constant improvement of methods and equipment to increase extraction efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The aim of this study is to enhance the current engineering aspects of drilling in the Altyguyi field while considering increased productivity and reduced environmental impact. Among the methods used, it is necessary to mention the synthesis method, abstraction method, generalization method, induction method, deduction method, classification method, and others. This study examines the technological aspects of operating wells in the Altyguyi gas-condensate field. Extensive laboratory and industrial research on the properties and composition of oil, gas, and condensate was conducted to properly implement the dual completion technology for gas extraction from one formation and oil extraction from another formation in a single well. By implementing advanced drilling methods, including horizontal and multi-hole drilling, as well as using modern drilling fluids, it was possible to improve well productivity and reduce drilling time. As a result of technology optimization, the overall efficiency of the oil and gas extraction process in the field has been increased, confirming the significance of innovation implementation for improving results in the oil industry. These enhancements not only increased drilling safety and efficiency, but also reduced the negative impact on the environment, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern technologies with environmental considerations in the oil extraction process. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of more efficient and environmentally sustainable drilling methods in oil fields, contributing to increased oil extraction productivity and reduced environmental impact

The relevance of the research is justified by the rapid development of the oil industry, which requires constant improvement of methods and equipment to increase extraction efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The aim of this study is to enhance the current engineering aspects of drilling in the Altyguyi field while considering increased productivity and reduced environmental impact. Among the methods used, it is necessary to mention the synthesis method, abstraction method, generalization method, induction method, deduction method, classification method, and others. This study examines the technological aspects of operating wells in the Altyguyi gas-condensate field. Extensive laboratory and industrial research on the properties and composition of oil, gas, and condensate was conducted to properly implement the dual completion technology for gas extraction from one formation and oil extraction from another formation in a single well. By implementing advanced drilling methods, including horizontal and multi-hole drilling, as well as using modern drilling fluids, it was possible to improve well productivity and reduce drilling time. As a result of technology optimization, the overall efficiency of the oil and gas extraction process in the field has been increased, confirming the significance of innovation implementation for improving results in the oil industry. These enhancements not only increased drilling safety and efficiency, but also reduced the negative impact on the environment, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern technologies with environmental considerations in the oil extraction process. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of more efficient and environmentally sustainable drilling methods in oil fields, contributing to increased oil extraction productivity and reduced environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General topic in this paper is the role of oil industry in global economy and the result of changing oil prices on economic variables in Azerbaijan. The major aim is to analyze the effects of crude oil price changes on Azerbaijan economy in order to measure how changes in oil prices affect its basic economic variables. At the beginning, a general outlook on oil industry will be given and the main oil exporting economies will be analized. However, main focus will be on the structure of Azerbaijan’s economy and it will examine the example of Azerbaijan as a transition economy where oil and gas production and exports have steadily increased from the mid ‘90s. Many critical oil and gas extraction projects have been implemented; while the oil and gas sector's dominance in the economy poses a number of threats to the balanced development of the country's economy. It will show how the economy of Azerbaijan was affected after the oil crisis, such as other developing countries that mainly depending on oil and petroleum products. For this purpose, VEC Model has been applied, consdering Azerbaijan Statistic Data and analized the effects of oil price fluctuations on its economic variables parallel with the oil industry. The main findings indicate that Azerbaijan's economy is strongly dependent on resource exports, which produce high growth rates when commodity prices are favorable, but end up with lower macroeconomic performance when global oil prices fall. It is clear that the main income of Azerbaijan comes from oil and oil products, so the export of oil will have a high impact on the saving level of the population. At the time of high revenues come from export and the low exchange rate of the foreign currency in Azerbaijan has also led to the low cost of imported goods. As well demonstrated in the research, Azerbaijan economy has been widely exposed to major crude oil price distortions. It can be said that in order to avoid increasing overdependence on oil earnings, diversifying the economy should be a top priority.

This paper determines the impact of Brent oil shocks on the price of shares of companies from the oil, agricultural and food industries that includes the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, they use a quantile regression approach and compare its findings with a standard Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model. Moreover, in this research they use quantile regression, which enables them to analyze different quantiles of share prices of companies from the oil industry, the agricultural industry, and the food industry. They observe three different periods - a period of recession, a normal period and a period of expansion. Finally, empirical evaluations using quantile regression and OLS models show us that shocks from the oil market are more pronounced in companies from the oil industry compared to companies from the agricultural and food industries. The findings of this research provide important information for investors, economic policy makers, and other parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents data on the complex processing of large-tonnage waste from oil and gas industry and chemical production, as well the methods of their utilization and processing.The data was collected at the industrial sites of the plants in Western Kazakhstan.During the work, there were studied data on the chemical composition of the waste, properties of the experimental compositions, material structure, and peculiarities of the technological processes of recycling. When processing the data, there were used such physical-chemical and mechanical methods as X-ray structure, mass and IR spectroscopy, radiometric analysis of the experimental samples. The paper provides data on thermodynamic calculations for chemical reactions of interaction between components of the compositions.It is established that the reaction of interaction of petroleum sulphur with sludge monochromate in the production of polymer concrete significantly reduces their toxicity. On the basis of researching data on the composition and properties of wastes and semi-finished products evidence about the possibility to recycle them into goods with positive ecological and economic effect has been obtained.The given data on practical methods of complex processing and waste recycling (on the example of Western Kazakhstan), allow systematically solving the problem of solid waste management, realizing the basic ecological principle “waste to income” and may be suitable for similar enterprises in other developing countries.

The purpose of this research was to design a distribution channel selection system in the supply chain of the oil industry using the combination of adaptive neural-fuzzy network and meta-heuristic algorithms (Case study: National Oil Products Distribution Company of the dual regions of West Azerbaijan). This research was based on the purpose of the research, developmental-applicative and based on the descriptive-modeling research method. The statistical population of this research was 185 axis sales, Sekodar and fuel supply stations in the two regions of North and South of West Azarbaijan province. In this research, questionnaires and documents were used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis, adaptive neural-fuzzy network in basic mode and adaptive neural-fuzzy network combined with genetic meta-heuristic algorithms and particle swarm have been used. In this research, first, the combined distribution channel selection system was designed, and then using the system designed based on the least error, the traditional distribution channel and the branding plan of the fuel stations were evaluated based on the input scores. The results show that the best system for selecting the distribution channel was the adaptive neural-fuzzy network combined with the particle swarm algorithm. By comparing the performance of the branding plan and the traditional method, it was determined that the branding plan has a better performance and is a suitable distribution channel for the National Oil Products Distribution Company of the dual regions of West Azerbaijan.Extended AbstractIntroductionRapid changes in consumer purchasing behavior, along with supply chain redesign, have caused both existing and new retailers to implement a variety of new inventory management strategies (Zhang et al., 2017; Melis et al., 2015). According to Forbes magazine, companies like Wal-Mart are known as the biggest companies in terms of sales (Forbes, 2014). The success of these companies is strongly related to the strategy and proper operations of the supply chain (Bogenrief, 2012). Some companies around the world (such as Amazon, Apple, Coca-Cola, Dell and Nike) attribute at least part of their success to supply chain management. At the same time, the results of the survey conducted in 2012 show that less than half of company managers recognize supply chain management as a strategic asset. In general, companies that recognize supply chain management as a strategic asset and use it in their daily processes, on average, achieve 70% higher financial performance (Kozlenkova et al., 2015). Since one of the main concerns of marketing is providing value to the consumer and the final user, an efficient supply chain is perhaps the most essential marketing function. Any mistake anywhere in the supply chain can have two-way effects for the company and its customers (Ellis, 2011). On the other hand, an effective and efficient supply chain allows companies to deliver higher value to final customers and improve results for the company.Marketing distribution channels are where the process of creating customer value in the supply chain is more prominent (Kozlenkova et al., 2015). Distribution channels and their proper use can help to increase the competitiveness of companies (Gong et al., 2023); therefore, distribution channel management is considered as an important task (Berling et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2014; Chiang, et al., 2003).Based on the above discussions, the approach of paying attention to the distribution channels in the supply chain is a problem that has led the researcher to conduct this research. This issue originated from two main areas. On one hand, the researcher's studies show that there is a lack of research in the field of choosing distribution channels in supply chain management, and the knowledge gap in this field is clearly visible. On the other hand, due to the fact that the National Oil Products Distribution Company of Iran, in a new approach, is looking for branding and creation of oil products distribution chain companies, which is the first of its kind in Iran; in such a situation, the need to design a supply chain distribution channel selection system in distribution companies can make it possible for managers of oil products distribution companies to choose appropriate distribution channels, develop appropriate cooperation, and understand priorities in relation to the members of the channel and identify the desired channel. In such a situation, methods such as artificial intelligence can be helpful. One of the methods of artificial intelligence is adaptive neural-fuzzy networks.Research methodologyThis research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-modeling in terms of the research method. Based on the nature of research variables, the statistical population of this research has been investigated in two parts. In the first part, the main statistical population of this research was axis sales, Sekodar and fuel supply stations in the two regions of North and South of West Azarbaijan Province.To determine the validity of the questionnaire, two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index were used. The results of these two coefficients indicate the elimination of some measures and confirm the validity of the questionnaire. The final parameters of the research based on inputs and outputs are shown in table (3).Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been used to determine reliability. Reliability was determined based on the original sample, and the results showed that the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all the main components was greater than 0.7, and based on this, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed.In order to analyze the data in this research, the ANFIS method and its combination with genetic meta-heuristic algorithm and particle swarm were used to design the supply chain distribution channel selection system in the National Oil Products Distribution Company.FindingsConfirmatory factor analysisIn order to verify the main components through the measured reagents, confirmatory factor analysis was used in Lisrel software. For confirmatory factor analysis, two categories of fit indices of the confirmatory model and factor loadings indicating the relationship between the main component and the indicators have been used. For the fit of the confirmatory model, the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEA) index, root mean square residual (RMR) index, goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI) and the normalized fit index (NFI) was used. The root mean square index of the estimation error should be less than 0.09, the residual mean square root index should be less than 0.05, and the values ​​of the goodness of fit, adjusted goodness of fit, comparative fit and normalized fit indices should be greater than 0.9; to be able to claim that the verification model correctly verifies the main component. In the second part, factor loadings and t values ​​have been used to investigate the relationship between the main component and the variables. From an empirical point of view, the value of each factor load should be greater than 0.5, and from a statistical point of view, the corresponding t value of each factor load should be greater than 1.96. The results are shown in table (4).The results of the suitability indices of the verification models in Table (4) show that the value of RMSEA is smaller than 0.09, the value of the RMR index is smaller than 0.05, the value of the goodness of fit indices, the adjusted goodness of fit, Adaptive fit and normalized fit are greater than 0.9. Also, the relative chi-square value was calculated smaller than 3, which indicated the appropriateness of all the verification models and the verification of the main input and output components in the model. Examining the relationship between the main component and the determinants through factor loadings also shows that all factor loadings are greater than 0.5. The statistical analysis of factor loadings through t values ​​also shows that the t value obtained for all factor loadings is greater than 1.96 and is significant. Therefore, the results obtained for the reagents and the main components can be confirmed in general. As an example, the output of the software for operating loads and t values ​​of the main component of channel tasks are shown in figures (3) and (4).Discussion and conclusionThis article was formed based on this main question: how is the appropriate system for choosing distribution channels in the supply chain of the oil industry using the combination of adaptive neural-fuzzy network and meta-heuristic algorithms in the National Oil Products Distribution Company of the dual regions of West Azerbaijan? To answer, first the literature and theoretical foundations of the research were reviewed; and in line with that, the variables and indicators affecting the selection of distribution channels in the supply chain of the distribution companies of the National Oil Products Distribution Company were extracted. In the next step, confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the main components through the measured indicators in the studied statistical population. After confirming the main components and specifying the inputs and outputs of the supply chain distribution channel selection system in distribution companies, first the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system in the basic state was implemented, and the error of each system using the indices of mean square error and root mean square error were calculated to determine the performance of each of them. After identifying the best adaptive neural-fuzzy system in the base state, in the second stage, the adaptive neural-fuzzy system is combined with meta-heuristic algorithms and finally the best distribution channel selection system in the supply chain of the National Oil Products Distribution Company in two regions of West Azarbaijan was determined based on the designed hybrid system.Based on the results obtained, it is suggested to the executives to increase the quality of the distribution channel in the supply chain by factors such as creating mutual trust, attention should be paid to the infrastructure and facilities of the place when granting representation, the quality of the human resources of the placeholders and the level of capital submitted by the placeholders, and, evaluate each of these cases with a detailed investigation. In the branding method, in order to promote the brand, it is necessary to establish mutual trust between the main brand and the established brand, and the established brand defines its identity based on the original brand. The use of specialized and trained manpower in the branding method to increase the quality of distribution is one of the main requirements in the issue of distribution in the branding method, which needs to be addressed by providing multiple trainings to the existing employees. Also, the main brand can help the incumbents in accessing financial resources and new investments in the form of low interest loans.

The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of various industries of the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War, aimed at providing raw materials to enterprises of the military-industrial complex and their own production aimed at improving the defense capabilities of the Soviet state. The relevance of the study was determined by the need to identify trends in the development of industry in the Kazakh Republic during the Patriotic War. The source base of the work was the works of Soviet, Russian and Kazakh authors, information from the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dedicated to the history of the Great Patriotic War. The peculiarities of technological production aimed at increasing labour efficiency in the coal, non-ferrous, oil, chemical and energy industries of the republic are given. The growth trends of the indicators of these industries are revealed. The main ones are: increase of raw materials extraction at Karaganda coal basin, construction of auxiliary industrial enterprises, such as brick, cement works, explosive materials plant, woodworking plant, etc. In non-ferrous metallurgy, growth of non-ferrous metal output during the war years increased manifold compared to the pre-war periods. In oil industry – growth of high-quality oil production in Western Kazakhstan. In the chemical industry – increase of the list of products through construction of new shops and workshops of the operating enterprises of the chemical industry of the republic. In the energy sphere – construction of new power stations from regional to industrial levels. It is concluded that the identified trends in industrial development in Kazakhstan during the Great Patriotic War were a definite contribution to the improvement of the defensive capability of the USSR and in its victory over Germany.

A variety of microorganisms grow in oil reservoirs, where they participate in the biodegradation of oil and lead to changes in oil quality. Today, our knowledge about microbial processes in oil reservoirs is largely limited, and among the urgent tasks for the oil industry, monitoring and controlling microbial activity (including the activity of microbes responsible for biocorrosion) are important. In this work, we aimed to characterize the bacterial community structure of the produced waters from oilfields in the south of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation) using cultural and molecular methods of analysis. Bacteria from produced water samples from various oil wells were enriched, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to assess the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial communities. Thus, analysis of the bacterial communities revealed the presence of various members within the genera Desulfotomaculum, Clostridium, Acetobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Dethiosulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Fusibacter, Dethiosulfatibacter, Thermovirga, Sphaerochaeta, and Desulfoplanes, but in different produced water samples. The role of the bacterial associations in biocorrosion was separately assessed in experiments on monitoring and stimulating biocorrosion. The bacterial community receiving additional nutrition was shown to have a higher corrosion potential, and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed changes in the surface of the metal coupons during immersion testing. The practical value of this research lies in identifying the potential contribution of microbial communities to oil pipeline corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Metodología de la Investigación Social is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Sociologicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper determines the impact of Brent oil shocks on the price of shares of companies from the oil, agricultural and food industries that includes the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, they use a quantile regression approach and compare its findings with a standard Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model. Moreover, in this research they use quantile regression, which enables them to analyze different quantiles of share prices of companies from the oil industry, the agricultural industry, and the food industry. They observe three different periods - a period of recession, a normal period and a period of expansion. Finally, empirical evaluations using quantile regression and OLS models show us that shocks from the oil market are more pronounced in companies from the oil industry compared to companies from the agricultural and food industries. The findings of this research provide important information for investors, economic policy makers, and other parties.

The fiscal existence of Nigeria is predicated on accruals from the sale of crude oil. Any major threat to the oil industry in Nigeria comes along with major economic shocks and unmitigated consequences for the Nigerian economy. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic was not only a global health challenge, but also caused unprecedented economic crisis. In specific terms, the global oil supply chain was disrupted and the pandemic had disproportionately impacted on the oil industry in Nigeria. The negative externalities of the pandemic on the Nigerian oil industry were overtly searing for the nation because of her mono-cultural economy. This paper therefore is therefore an analysis of the impacts and challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Nigerian oil industry. The study adopted content analysis of extant literature, which were as well interrogated and interpreted and argued that the severity of the pandemic on the Nigerian oil industry is disproportional because the oil industry is not diversified as it is an enclave economy. Again, we found that because major inputs for the oil industry are sourced externally, with little local content, the industry was virtually grounded with untold effects by way of foreign exchange earnings for Nigeria. We concluded by stressing the need for diversification of the Nigerian economy, which can be achieved if the political leadership invest the rent from sale of oil on industrial manufacturing such as petrochemical and agro-allied industries in order to absorb the long-term shocks of the Covid-19 pandemic

The present study aimed to determine the levels of contamination with Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in one of the south oil company fields. The external gamma absorbed dose rate Dγ measured in units of µSv/h was caused by gamma rays of Radium 222, Radium 228 (Thorium 232), and Potassium 40, respectively. The largest value is 9.220 µSv/h. It was found that the highest specific activity (concentration) for Radium 226 is 1136 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.06 and the highest specific activity for Radium 228 is 721 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. As for Radium 224, its highest specific activity is 631 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. Radium-228 is higher than that of Radium-224 or Radium-226, as the Radium-224 is from the Uranium-232 series, and the Radium-228 and Radium-224 are from the Thorium-232 series, meaning that the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain is lower than the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain Uranium, because the half-life of Radium-226 is 1600 years, which is greater than the half-life of Radium-228, which is 5.75 years. A comparison was made between the local results with the results of soil in Amman. Methods of treating pollution with natural radioactive materials in the oil industry were also discussed.

BEGINNINGS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY IN GALICIA BEFORE THE PERIOD OF AUTONOMY IN THE LIGHT OF SELECTED POLISH PRESS TITLES The publication of newspapers and the extraction and use of crude oil were undoubtedly among the socio-economic areas that significantly affected the lives of people in the 19th century. At the time, newspapers and journals played the role of the most important and popular sources of information about crude oil and its products, especially kerosene, and they shaped their readers’ worldviews on those products’ uses in the economy and everyday life. This paper presents the beginning of the oil industry in Austrian Galicia in pre-autonomy Galicia in the Polish news press (Czas, Gazeta Narodowa, Gazeta Lwowska) and economic magazines (Gazeta Przemysłowa, Korespondent Handlowy, Przemysłowy i Rolniczy, Tygodnik Rolniczo-Przemysłowy). The first mentions in the press on the subject appeared in the 1850s. In the 1860s, oil-related subjects were broadly represented in daily newspapers and in the economic press. In agricultural journals, especially in the Prussian and Russian partitions, oil-related subjects were not present in titles from the 1850s and 60s. The first group of texts consisted of articles about crude oil (chemical properties) and regions which were rich in petroleum. In areas where it was present, crude oil had been known and used for a long time, but to the readership of newspapers and journals it was a new resource. It is no wonder then that the press was explaining what it was and what its uses were. The press did not focus on Galicia’s deposits of crude oil, earthwax and natural gas, but did print detailed information on their sources around the world, especially in the United States (the names of oil fields, the volume and monetary value of extraction and export to Europe). The press saw the American mass production and sale of oil to Europe as the greatest threat to the Galician industry. The press documented the economic situation of the Galician oil industry (petroleum mining, oil refinery, business people) and speculated on its future position in Galicia’s economic system. It speculated that the oil industry would become an important branch of the economy. When writing about the oil industry, the press reported on the first mines (Bóbrka, Borysław), entrepreneurs, the presence of oil products on agricultural and industrial expositions organised in Kraków, Rzeszów and Jasło. Another subject discussed by the press was articles on the trade of paraffin oil. The development of the Galician oil industry had also become a pretext to debate on its role in everyday life. In the opinion of the press, oil lamps would be used as street lighting and at home illuminating the whole room. These newspaper advertisements showed new products connected with the oil industry such as different kinds of paraffin oil and oil lamps.

Oil refineries have high operating expenses and are often exposed to increased asset integrity risks and functional failure. Real-time monitoring of their operations has always been critical to ensuring safety and efficiency. We proposed a novel Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) design that employs a text-to-speech synthesizer (TTS) based on neural networks to build an intelligent extension control system. We enhanced a TTS model to achieve high inference speed by employing HiFi-GAN V3 vocoder in the acoustic model FastSpeech 2. We experimented with our system on a low resources-embedded system in a real-time environment. Moreover, we customized the TTS model to generate two target speakers (female and male) using a small dataset. We performed an ablation analysis by conducting experiments to evaluate the performance of our design (IoT connectivity, memory usage, inference speed, and output speech quality). The results demonstrated that our system Real-Time Factor (RTF) is 6.4 (without deploying the cache mechanism, which is a technique to call the previously synthesized speech sentences in our system memory). Using the cache mechanism, our proposed model successfully runs on a low-resource computational device with real-time speed (RTF equals 0.16, 0.19, and 0.29 when the memory has 250, 500, and 1000 WAV files, respectively). Additionally, applying the cache mechanism has reduced memory usage percentage from 16.3% (for synthesizing a sentence of ten seconds) to 6.3%. Furthermore, according to the objective speech quality evaluation, our TTS model is superior to the baseline TTS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents an analysis of American influence in Iran after the World War II. The author describes how American foreign policy concepts worked in Iran, and opened a window into the country for American oil industries. The importance and relevance of the article lie in the fact that the players have not changed significantly, nor have the rules of the game and the actions they evoke changed much. Although the foreign policy toolkit of the US has been modernized, very often old methods are still practiced in the region, thus the study and analysis of those are very valuable today. The author tries to identify the problems of Iran in the second half of the 20th century, to study them in parallel with American foreign policy concepts, to present and analyze how American concepts paved the way for the expansionist policy of the United States. The key finding of the research shows that every American foreign policy concept was basically implemented only in case of the continuity of the power of the same party. Thus, Republican D. Eisenhower promoted the concept of supporting American oil tycoons. After him, Democrat J.F. Kennedy did not continue this approach in full, but only retained some elements. J.F. Kennedy believed that if the Iranian government was headed by a skilled prime minister, an adherent of Western values, who could properly manage the Iranian economy, then Iran would become a regional ally for the United States rather than a dependent country. After J.F. Kennedy, L. Johnson continued the foreign policy approach regarding Iran by promoting the country’s reformation through the White revolution. However, as history proved, the White Revolution failed to solve all the socioeconomic problems of Iran in the short term. Instead, the monarchy faced new and already fatal problems. The sources for this paper were the archives of the US presidents, the archives of the US State Department, the memoirs of a number of politicians, the correspondence between the US presidents and the Shah, as well as the Iranian press of that time. The author has applied the historical-comparative method, using the principles of content analysis.

The economic growth in the South Caucasus led to the emergence of new industries such as oil, cement, mining, construction, textile, etc. A significant manifestation of this development was the extraction and industrial exploitation of Baku oil wells on a large scale. These new industries created a greater need for labor in the Caucasus region, which the local workforce could not meet. However, seasonal unemployment in the agricultural society of Iran, particularly Azerbaijan, and the proximity of this state to the Caucasus, provided new job opportunities for farmers and workers in the Caucasus. This study aims to answer the question of what life was like for Iranian workers in the Caucasus and how comfortable they were. Based on statistics and information obtained from archival documents of Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, this article concludes that Iranian workers played a critical role in the agriculture, oil, and communication industries of the Caucasus during this period. However, they earned very little income and lived in a deplorable state of well-being. Most of these workers were uneducated and unmarried, and due to the exhausting nature of their work, the rate of illness and death among them was very high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) or biocorrosion is a complex biological and physicochemical process, Strategies for monitoring MIC are frequently based on microbial cultivation methods, while microbiological molecular methods (MMM) are not well-established in the oil industry in Brazil. Thus, there is a high demand for the development of effective protocols for monitoring biocorrosion with MMM. The main aim of our study was to analyze the physico-chemi- cal features of microbial communities occurring in produced water (PW) and in enrichment cultures in oil pipelines of the petroleum industry. In order to obtain strictly comparable results, the same samples were used for both culturing and metabarcoding. PW samples displayed higher phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea whereas PW enrichments cultures showed higher dominance of bacterial MIC-associated genera. All samples had a core community composed of 19 distinct genera, with MIC-associated Desulfovibrio as the dominant genus. We observed significant associations between the PW and cultured PW samples, with a greater number of associations found between the cultured sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) samples and the uncultured PW samples. When evaluating the correlation between the physicochemical characteristics of the environment and the microbiota of the uncultivated samples, we suggest that the occurrence of anaerobic digestion metabolism can be characterized by well-defined phases. Therefore, the detection of microorganisms in uncultured PW by metabarcoding, along with physi-cochemical characterization, can be a more efficient method compared to the culturing method, as it is a less laborious and cost-effective method for monitoring MIC microbial agents in oil industry facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDue to the intense global competition and the negative impact of disturbances on the financial, operational and market performance of industries, attention has been paid to issues such as strategic management of the supply chain and its resilience; and the oil industry, with its complex structure and processes, has an impact on the global and regional economy is not an exception. The aim of the current research, by using the structural equation modeling method, is to investigate the impact of strategic supply chain management on the performance and direction of the chain by analyzing the mediating role of resilience (agility and strength components) in Iran's marine engineering and construction company active in the offshore sector. The statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the company, which was determined by the Klein method and the N:q rule, and the number of sample people was determined to be 270; and by the purposeful sampling method, people familiar with the various aspects of the supply chain of the offshore industry with work experience more than for five years were elected. Survey data after collection were analyzed using SMART-PLS software. The results showed: 1- strategic supply chain management has a significant direct effect on the direction of the supply chain, 2- strategic supply chain management has a significant indirect effect on the direction of the supply chain (through the agility and strength of the chain), 3- Strategic supply chain management does not have a significant direct effect on supply chain performance, 4- Strategic supply chain management has a significant indirect effect on supply chain performance (through agility and chain strength), 5- Chain agility plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between strategic management of the supply chain and the performance and direction of the chain. 6- The strength of the chain has a significant mediating role in the relationship between the strategic management of the supply chain and the performance and orientation of the chain.Extended AbstractIntroductionSupply chain management is related to the organization of materials and information throughout the organization, using facilities, i.e. vendors, product manufacturing, and distribution channels (Bokrantz & Dul, 2022). This importance is actually considered as the backbone for creating foundations and infrastructures in societies and businesses. Nowadays, in the field of business, the conditions are constantly changing and governed by uncertainty, and the consequences can be different at the level of impact, frequency and their origin (internal or external) (Heckmann et al., 2015), so organizations focus their efforts on supply chain management. Foster & Gardner (2022) define a supply chain as "a set of functional activities (transportation, inventory control, etc.) that are repeated many times along the flow channel by which raw materials are transformed into finished products and value." and reach the consumer."Today, one of the most important issues in the supply chain is resilience. In a research, Rehman et al, (2021) stated that having a safety valve such as resilience helps companies to reduce the risk of instability and improve the sustainability of the supply chain. Supply chain resilience has been widely discussed in the literature, and its effects have been studied on the smooth functioning of global supply chain management networks. However, several events such as terrorist, political and economic crises have threatened the supply chain of organizations all over the world, and today under the protection of the supply chain, the resilience of the supply chain is an evolving issue (Hohenstein et al., 2015).Therefore, the current research aims to answer the question that in the offshore sector of the oil industry and in the engineering and construction company of marine facilities in Iran, what is the effect of strategic supply chain management on the performance and orientation of the supply chain with the mediator role of resilience? Theoretical frameworkThe supply chain has been growing over time, so it is not surprising that the supply chain is always damaged from incidents and tensions such as unfavorable climatic conditions and transportation obstacles, machine breakdowns, etc., which threaten to destabilize the performance and endanger the operation and its efficiency. Unforeseen events increase with more dispersion of the chain, and risks such as strikes, global terrorism, war, natural disasters, epidemics, and non-acceptance by suppliers are among the things that can change the direction of the supply chain or cause a decrease in performance (Urrutia, 2018).The development of resilience in the supply chain is considered as an effort in facing unexpected and uncertain developments (Aven, 2016). Some researchers consider the two factors of agility and strength as the main indicators of supply chain resilience (Alshahrani and Salam, 2022; Kazancoglu et al., 2022; Khan et al., 2022). Hohenstein et al, (2015) state that supply chains may be disrupted at some stages of their maturity, however, there should be a system to quickly extricate from disruptions without absorbing any side effects, which depends on the agility of the supply chain.Khan et al, (2022) conducted research in the oil industry and quantified the mediating effect of flexibility in the supply chain. The results showed that the flexibility of the supply chain plays a positive mediating role between the capabilities of the supply chain and the performance of the supply chain. The results also showed that robust supply chains have a more positive effect on performance compared to agile supply chains.Juan & Hung (2022) investigated the relationships between the five components of resilient supply chain (SCRES), including emergence, speed, flexibility, robustness, and cooperation; and their effects on supply chain performance under disruption (SCPUD) with a structural equation modeling approach. The results showed: 1- The cooperation component is an external driver of the resilient supply chain and has a direct impact on the emergence, speed, flexibility and strength of the disrupted supply chain. 2- The flexibility of the supply chain is the only component of the agility of the supply chain that directly affects Supply chain performance under disruption. 3- Supply chain flexibility is the only component of supply chain agility that has an indirect effect on supply chain performance under disruption. 4- The speed component has a direct effect and the emergence component has an indirect effect on supply chain flexibility. 5- The emergence component is one of the important elements of agility that has a positive effect on the speed and strength of the supply chain.MethodologyThe current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive and survey in terms of nature and research method. The statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the company (N=1000), which was determined by Klein's method and the N:q rule, and the number of sample people was 270, and, people familiar with the various aspects of the supply chain of the offshore industry were selected with more than 5 years of work experience by the purposeful sampling method. Khan et al (2022) questionnaire was used to collect data related to research variables.Discussion and Results In order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software was used to test the hypotheses from inferential statistics. Then PLS software was used to test the hypotheses or the conceptual model of the research, and the results showed that the strategic management of the supply chain has a positive and significant effect on both factors of resilience, i.e. agility and strength of the supply chain. The results of the current research also showed that the strategic management of the supply chain does not have a significant effect directly on the performance of the supply chain, but with the mediation of the agility of the chain, this effect becomes significant. In the results of the current research, it was also determined that the strategic management of the supply chain has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the supply chain both directly and indirectly through the mediation of chain strength. In the present research, results were also obtained showing that the strategic management of the supply chain directly and indirectly (with the mediation of agility and strength) has a positive and significant effect on the orientation of the supply chain.ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of the impact of strategic supply chain management on the performance and orientation of the supply chain with the mediating role of resilience (the study of the offshore sector of the oil industry). This finding is in line with researchers such as Um (2017) and El Baz& Ruel (2021) and Shamout (2019) and Tarafdar & Qrunfleh (2017) and Florescu et al, (2019) and Dhaigude & Kapoor (2017); The research of (Um, 2017) resulted that increasing the variety of products has a positive effect on the resilience and agility of the supply chain, which improves the performance of the supply chain. He stated that in order to reduce the cost of increasing product variety, it is possible to increase the agility of the supply chain and ultimately improve the performance of the supply chain by diversifying activities in the strategic management department. The results of his research on 363 British and South Korean manufacturing companies showed that the diversity of activities in the strategic management of the supply chain makes the chain more resilient and increases its performance.According to the research results, it is suggested that in order to respond quickly to the needs of customers, more work should be done on the agility of the supply chain of this industry to be responsive in the tough conditions of the supply chain market. To increase performance, the role of agility in the supply chain of this industry should be emphasized more and always considered as an intermediate factor.

Today, the green economy is a frequently encountered concept in the context of sustainable development, reductions of CO2 emissions from atmosphere and the efficient use of resources. In this paper, we will focus on the impact of the green economy in the oil industry, more precisely on the price and production of oil at the global level. We looked at the green economy through the lens of global electric car sales, trying to determine whether they had a more significant impact than the novel coronavirus pandemic on oil prices and production. We hope that the results of our research will show whether the green economy, in this nascent state, has a significant impact in the oil industry, or if it could have, under the conditions that cars with internal combustion engines would no longer be used.

The aim of introducing occupational exposure limits (OELs) is to use them as a risk management tool in order to protect workers’ health and well-being against harmful agents at the workplace. In this review we identify OELs for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and styrene concentrations in air and assess occupational exposure to these compounds through a systematic literature search of publications published in West Asian countries from 1980 to 2021. OELs for BTEX and styrene have been set in Iran and Turkey to levels similar to those in European countries and the US. The search yielded 49 full-text articles that cover studies of exposure assessment in six countries, but most (n=40) regard Iran. Average occupational exposure to benzene of workers in oil-related industries is higher than recommended OEL, while average occupational exposure to other compounds is lower than local OELs (where they exist). Currently, information about levels of occupational exposure to BTEX and styrene is insufficient in West Asian countries, which should be remedied through OEL regulation and application. Furthermore, coherent research is also needed to determine actual levels of occupational exposure, dose-responses, and the economic and technical capacity of local industries to address current issues.

This article presents the influence of the evolution of the oil price on the international markets on the strategies of companies whose main activity is the manufacture of oil equipment for the Romanian oil industry. As a tool for economists and specialists in the oil industry, such a study helps to develop economic strategies and management decisions based on forecasts of oil price developments. Based on statistical data for the annual oil price on international markets and the turnover of the oil companies, an analysis was proposed which showed that the trends in the mathematical models are similar, which highlights that economic activities in the oil sector are sensitive to the evolution of oil price. Management strategies are based on anticipating changes in the corporate environment, assessing the company's internal potential and making the necessary changes to bring it in line with the economy, its mission, and the objectives set to ensure its survival and continuity. These views make it possible to analyse and forecast oil prices; upward trends will encourage companies to design and develop strategies that include investments to expand production capacity, and downward trends will synergistically lead to downsizing strategies. Variations in company production will generate an economic, social, and environmental impact in the countries where they operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of newspapers and the extraction and use of crude oil were undoubtedly among the socio-economic areas that significantly affected the lives of people in the 19th century. At the time, newspapers and journals played the role of the most important and popular sources of information about crude oil and its products, especially kerosene, and they shaped their readers' worldviews on those products' uses in the economy and everyday life. This paper presents the beginning of the oil industry in Austrian Galicia in pre-autonomy Galicia in the Polish news press (Czas, Gazeta Narodowa, Gazeta Lwowska) and economic magazines (Gazeta Przemysłowa, Korespondent Handlowy, Przemysłowy i Rolniczy, Tygodnik Rolniczo-Przemysłowy). The first mentions in the press on the subject appeared in the 1850s. In the 1860s, oil-related subjects were broadly represented in daily newspapers and in the economic press. In agricultural journals, especially in the Prussian and Russian partitions, oil-related subjects were not present in titles from the 1850s and 60s. The first group of texts consisted of articles about crude oil (chemical properties) and regions which were rich in petroleum. In areas where it was present, crude oil had been known and used for a long time, but to the readership of newspapers and journals it was a new resource. It is no wonder then that the press was explaining what it was and what its uses were. The press did not focus on Galicia's deposits of crude oil, earthwax and natural gas, but did print detailed information on their sources around the world, especially in the United States (the names of oil fields, the volume and monetary value of extraction and export to Europe). The press saw the American mass production and sale of oil to Europe as the greatest threat to the Galician industry. The press documented the economic situation of the Galician oil industry (petroleum mining, oil refinery, business people) and speculated on its future position in Galicia's economic system. It speculated that the oil industry would become an important branch of the economy. When writing about the oil industry, the press reported on the first mines (Bóbrka, Borysław), entrepreneurs, the presence of oil products on agricultural and industrial expositions organised in Kraków, Rzeszów and Jasło. Another subject discussed by the press was articles on the trade of paraffin oil. The development of the Galician oil industry had also become a pretext to debate on its role in everyday life. In the opinion of the press, oil lamps would be used as street lighting and at home illuminating the whole room. These newspaper advertisements showed new products connected with the oil industry such as different kinds of paraffin oil and oil lamps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Italy was one of the most peculiar protagonists of the 'great season' of State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in post-Second World War Europe. Public managers, in turn, were among the major players in shaping the rise, performance and cultural patterns of the Italian mixed economy. Within this ruling group, a significant role was played by Marcello Boldrini, statistician of international renown 'lent' to the State oil industry thanks to his friendship with Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (Eni)'s founder, Enrico Mattei. The essay highlights Boldrini's contribution to the elaboration of Eni's cultural strategy, focused on the reflection concerning the role played by the SOE in the economic development process. Secondly, the international profile of his work as a public manager is analysed, particularly with respect to the relationships between Eni and the emerging oil producing countries, based on an innovative partnership system to whose elaboration and fulfilment Boldrini authoritatively contributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of microorganisms grow in oil reservoirs, where they participate in the biodegradation of oil and lead to changes in oil quality. Today, our knowledge about microbial processes in oil reservoirs is largely limited, and among the urgent tasks for the oil industry, monitoring and controlling microbial activity (including the activity of microbes responsible for biocorrosion) are important. In this work, we aimed to characterize the bacterial community structure of the produced waters from oilfields in the south of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation) using cultural and molecular methods of analysis. Bacteria from produced water samples from various oil wells were enriched, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to assess the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial communities. Thus, analysis of the bacterial communities revealed the presence of various members within the genera Desulfotomaculum, Clostridium, Acetobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Dethiosulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Fusibacter, Dethiosulfatibacter, Thermovirga, Sphaerochaeta, and Desulfoplanes, but in different produced water samples. The role of the bacterial associations in biocorrosion was separately assessed in experiments on monitoring and stimulating biocorrosion. The bacterial community receiving additional nutrition was shown to have a higher corrosion potential, and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed changes in the surface of the metal coupons during immersion testing. The practical value of this research lies in identifying the potential contribution of microbial communities to oil pipeline corrosion.

The West Siberian economic region remains a territory with high potential of liquid hydrocarbons production, which serve as a reserve for long-term development not only for this region, but for Russia as a whole. Experts claim that Western Siberia provides 70% of Russia’s oil production and accounts for 61% of the mineral extraction tax revenues. According to forecasts of the Ministry of Energy, if oil production is not stimulated, then by 2035 the volume of oil production will significantly reduce and budget revenue will decrease by 4.1 trillion rubles. At present, in order to increase the investment attractiveness of the industry, changes in tax and customs legislation are being introduced. However, the effects of the reforms are not obvious. Employing scenario analysis, the case method and financial modeling on the basis of publicly available information, we assess the impact of changes in tax and customs legislation on the investment attractiveness of oil field development projects. The main hypothesis of the study about the positive impact of the tax maneuver on the attractiveness of projects was partially confirmed. However, in all considered scenarios the internal rate of return does not exceed 13%. This is significantly lower than the global average rate of return for oil and gas industry. This points to the need for further adjustments to the tax and customs legislation to ensure sustainable growth and development of the oil and gas industry. The model created to assess the impact of alternative tax regimes on the investment attractiveness of hydrocarbon exploration and development projects can also be used to identify potential benefits and tax consequences for both the investor and the state.

L’allievo e il mentore. Sono i ruoli intorno ai quali ruota il rapporto fra Giorgio Fuà ed Ernesto Rossi. Un rapporto nato all’alba del 1943, quando l’economista casertano, dal confino, inviò alle Nuove Edizioni Ivrea il manoscritto Il problema agrario. Giovane studioso, coinvolto da Adriano Olivetti nella sua prima avventura editoriale, Fuà lesse e commentò il saggio, non senza risparmiargli annotazioni critiche, per lo più apprezzate da Rossi. I due presero a scambiarsi lettere cui dal dopoguerra abbinarono un’assidua frequentazione, che condusse tra l’altro Fuà a essere cooptato da Rossi nell’Azienda per il Rilievo e l’Alienazione dei Residuati (ARAR) e, più tardi, Rossi a chiedere la collaborazione di Fuà – nel frattempo divenuto capo dell’Ufficio studi dell’ENI – per le sue indagini sull’industria petrolifera.

When presenting the careers of entrepreneurs operating on Polish soil at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, researchers usually focus on individuals operating in the most industrialised areas, especially the Kingdom of Poland. Much less attention has been paid to successful entrepreneurs in Galicia. Studies on Galician entrepreneurship have mainly taken the form of biographical entries in encyclopaedias and lexicons and in the Polish Biographical Dictionary. These are profiles of individual business leaders of the Austrian partition, while far fewer works deal with the issue of entrepreneurs as a group, despite the fact that there are many sources for such research. This article is an attempt to create a group portrait of a number of Galician oil entrepreneurs who played an exceptional role in the economic, the social, and the political life of Galicia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth industrial revolution was a milestone at the industrial level. It forced most industries to evolve technically and for their collaborators to prepare and advance together with technology; the oil industry was no exception. It develops its activities in dangerous and dynamic environments and needs to protect its human resources, equipment, and infrastructure. This article presents a scoping review, based on the PRISMA guidelines, of pipeline maintenance methodologies based on Industry 4.0. From the first collection of 123 articles from prestigious databases such as SpringerLink, MDPI, Scopus, IEEEXplore and ACM, a final sample of 31 articles was obtained. Here, technologies that enhance preventive and predictive maintenance systems are discussed. The results show that predictive maintenance compared to preventive maintenance has a percentage difference in upkeep time optimization of 38% in the last five years. This difference was corroborated with a Student's t-test for independent samples, with a significance of 0.023. Likewise, the most used technologies were analyzed, with artificial intelligence standing out with 45.16%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper reviews pressing issues related to corporate taxation in the oil industry amid the financial crisis, sanctions imposed against Russia, and low oil prices. It pays special attention to the analysis of the first results of the tax reform and to the introduction of a profit-based tax. The main goal of the research is to develop and implement a modern and efficient tax regime that would ensure a continuous and stable flow of tax revenues to the national budget and contribute to the long-term development of the national oil industry. The subject of the study is the current issues of oil taxation, in particular, the application of the taxation mechanism of the financial results of oil companies and the reform of the taxation system of export duties to the oil refining industry. The article presents the ways of effective tax policy for the qualitative development of oil sector enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The environmental, social, and economic challenges associated with the massive activities of the oil and gas industry require analysis and evaluation of companies' sustainability priorities. Evaluating the environmental performance of oil companies requires the application of strict mathematical tools and models that provide rigorous results. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is a rigorous tool that evaluates the performance and practices of oil and sustainable energy companies. However, classical multi-criteria decision analysis has problems related to inconsistency because of the subjective nature of pairwise comparisons. This study responded to the literature call by utilizing the weight fuzzy judgment method (WFJM) to determine the weight coefficients of criteria with zero consistency. Such a method employed criteria values and expert judgment for decision-making to create a bridge between the mathematical approach and the human approach. This study aims to develop a solid decision support system by evaluating and benchmarking 11 companies utilizing the fuzzy judgment method based on fuzzy theory and the VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) method to determine sustainability priorities for oil and gas companies. The oil companies' criteria were efficiently weighted by the fuzzy judgment method, and the organizational capabilities represented the greatest weight value of 0.128, whilst the low-weight criteria were the high costs of technologies at 0.080. Besides, the benchmarking results for oil companies revealed that COM 8 was the best, whilst COM 11 was the worst. The fuzzy judgment technique is a unique approach to solving complicated decision-making problems, and its influence can be significant. Furthermore, this method can be applied in sectors other than energy, including banking, medical services, and engineering, where decision-making is not straightforward and requires a systematic approach. [Display omitted] • We developed a novel method called the weight fuzzy judgment method (WJSM). • This study arised the decision matrix based on 9 main criteria and 11 alternatives. • This study evaluated oil and gas companies' sustainability behaviors. • A comparison analysis was conducted between WJSM and BWM methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe special lifestyle of intermittent employees, which includes their intermittent distances from family, can significantly affect their family life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the contextual challenges in the family life of intermittent employees. The method of this research is qualitative in the form of content analysis and focus group discussion that 29 people were selected through purposeful and voluntary sampling including intermittent staff, spouses, family experts and managers; data were collected to theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews, then The data analysis led to the appearance of the three main abstract categories that includes “Family management conflicts”, “attenuation of family functions” and “unorganized of Kinship and social interactions”, consisting of a total of 10 subcategories. Therefore, recognizing the family challenges of intermittent employees can be useful in providing consulting services, strategies to prevent family problems and confrontational solutions to dealing with problems, as well as improving the quality of life of their families.

The article provides an attempt at complex analysis of the development of Iran`s economy under the sanctions imposed by the USA and other countries. Some background issues in the development of the modern Iranian regime have been considered. The role of the Iranian Revolution in the relations between Iran and the Western world has been analyzed. A brief historic overview of anti-Iranian sanctions has been given. The Iran hostage crisis in 1979 has been mentioned among the first events that lead to sanctions. According to the 1981 Algiers Accords, the USA promised to remove the freeze on Iranian assets and trade sanctions on Iran. Special attention has been paid to the nuclear program of Iran. The Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant has been considered as a successful example of Iran’s nuclear program development. The point of view of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the President of Iran in 2005-2013, as well as opinions of other Iranian officials about nuclear energy have been considered. Also, the attitude of American officials to Iran (e.g. inclusion of Iran to the list of rogue states) has been considered. Iran is one of the few countries in the world that are able to construct nuclear weapons. So, the Western countries including the USA are trying to prevent Iran from achieving this, even though Iranian officials deny any military use of nuclear energy. The importance of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action signed in 2015 has been underlined. The sceptical attitude of the President of the USA Donald Trump (2017-2021) to CLARIFY Iran’s professions of peace OR plans for peaceful engagement with Iran? has been noted. The Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act has been given as an example of anti-Iranian policy. The cases of attacks on tankers of Iran and other countries in the recent years have been mentioned. The example of the Shetab electronic banking clearance and automated payments system used in Iran and other countries is noted. It is mentioned that Iran’s automotive industry is comparatively successful. It is proved that the country’s economy has in general grown accustomed to the international sanctions. The importance of Iran`s political and economic cooperation with Russia, Syria, North Korea and other countries has been underlined. All of these countries are ruled by extremely authoritarian regimes. Attention is paid to the comparatively closed economic system of Iran that makes its complex study more difficult than it would otherwise be. The article has been written with the use of different scientific methods and the most up-to-date sources. It is of interest for researchers, students and other people who are interested in international economic relations.

The question of the reasons for the failure to fulfill the oil production plans on the eve of the Great Patriotic War is considered. The relevance of study is determined by the topicality of discussions concerning various aspects of the country’s history in the pre-war years, the importance of learning lessons from historical experience in developing a further strategy for the country’s socioeconomic development. Particular attention is paid to identifying the factors that determined the slow development of the Ural-Volga oil region in the 1930s, and the circumstances that led to the change in the government course. It was concluded that the recommendations of I. M. Gubkin and his supporters were considered, but by the beginning of the war, the second oil base had not been created. It has been proven that invaluable experience in production and oil refining in the climatic conditions of the Volga region led to the discovery of new deposits during the war years, an increase in the importance of the region in providing fuel to the front. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, on the basis of a significant array of previously unpublished archival documents, other reasons for the very difficult situation that developed in the oil industry in the pre-war years are more accurately identified. It has been proven that among them: insufficiently effective management of the industry, poorly organized geological exploration, weak material and technical base, shortage of personnel, repression of prominent oil workers.

When presenting the careers of entrepreneurs operating on Polish soil at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, researchers usually focus on individuals operating in the most industrialised areas, especially the Kingdom of Poland. Much less attention has been paid to successful entrepreneurs in Galicia. Studies on Galician entrepreneurship have mainly taken the form of biographical entries in encyclopaedias and lexicons and in the Polish Biographical Dictionary. These are profiles of individual business leaders of the Austrian partition, while far fewer works deal with the issue of entrepreneurs as a group, despite the fact that there are many sources for such research. This article is an attempt to create a group portrait of a number of Galician oil entrepreneurs who played an exceptional role in the economic, the social, and the political life of Galicia.