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Soap Production Companies are faced with the problem of not fulfilling consumer demand which is characterized by a smaller actual number of shipments compared to the amount of consumer demand for this soap product. The management of the Soap Production Company identified that one of the causes of non-fulfillment of consumer demand was due to the production process being hampered by a shortage of production raw materials. Faced with the condition of increasingly high market demand, companies are constantly looking for ways to keep the supply of raw materials available in the right quantity and on time delivery. The calculation of ordering raw materials is carried out using the economist order quantity (EOQ) method and also the application of raw material safety stock. The EOQ method is applied to determine the order quantity and avoid large inventory costs. The amount of safety stock of raw materials is determined in anticipation of a shortage of raw materials during the production process. The amount of EOQ is obtained from the results of forecasting calculations and the value of the safety stock of raw materials obtained a value of 3.85% of the average raw material needs every month

El documento examina tres interrogantes fundamentales relacionadas con la eficacia de la burocracia y la burocratización. Las preguntas son: 1) ¿cuánta burocracia pública es suficiente y cómo se puede optimizar el tamaño de la burocracia?; 2) ¿cuáles son los modelos normativos de burocracia y cómo elegir entre ellos?; y 3) ¿cuáles son los fines de la bu-rocracia y, en concreto, cómo lograr una burocracia “centrada en los valores públicos”? En la medida de lo posible, el documento responde a estas preguntas en el contexto de una serie de variables contingentes, especialmente la cultura política, asunto de mayor interés para los países de América Latina. En pocas palabras, el documento concluye que la optimización del tamaño no es significativa sin la especificación previa de un gran número de variables contextuales, de las cuales se detallan sus componentes más importantes. Los modelos normativos revisados, después de evaluar la idea de “fallas de la burocracia”, corresponden a la contención de costes, a la competencia neutral y a las nociones de valor público. El documento concluye sugiriendo que la clave de una burocracia centrada en el valor público consiste en establecer un alto nivel de profesionalismo y observar un alto grado de autonomía burocrática.

Plants are known to possess relatively high efficacy in the treatment of several chronic diseases with fewer adverse effects. In the recent years, numerous medicinal plants have been reported to be effective in treating diabetes. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic property of hydroalcoholic extract ofHibiscus sabdariffa(HS) calyces in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg, b.w), in male Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were administered daily oral doses of HS (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Then, blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test and lipid profiles were determined. Treatment with HS resulted in a significant dose dependent reduction of blood glucose levels accompanied by a significant improvement in body weight. The extract also enhanced the glucose tolerance and significantly decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins levels while the high-density lipoproteins level significantly increased. From the results obtained, it can therefore be concluded thatHibiscus sabdariffahas an antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

A vida realmente nos demonstra a dinâmica em que estamos inseridos. A questão da morte sempre causou profunda introspecção, levando-me, consequentemente, a refletir o modo de como a sociedade ocidental encara o momento, no intuito de compreender a humanidade da morte e a especificidade do humano frente à mesma. Para tal desiderato, foi utilizado três visões diferenciadas sobre o assunto; para a filosofia - Edgar Morin; para a história, Philippe Ariès e na visão espírita, Hermínio de Miranda, Allan Kardec e Francisco Xavier. Life really shows us the dynamics in which we are inserted. The issue of death has always caused deep introspection, leading me, consequently, to reflect on the way in which Western society faces the moment, in order to understand the humanity of death and the specificity of the human face to it. For this purpose, three different views on the subject were used; for philosophy - Edgar Morin; for history, Philippe Ariès and in the spiritist view, Hermínio de Miranda, Allan Kardec and Francisco Xavier.

Background:SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It is affecting the entire planet. Despite the widespread use of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research and health planning, health scientists and practitioners have given little attention to the methodological aspects of this approach. The study of risk factors linked to the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most current and exciting topics for epidemiologists. These risks in many cases are unknown. This research covers the study of risk factors in the case of COVID-19 and proposes the use of an ecologic method known to epidemiologists in the case of aggregated data. The present study aims to compute a model that allows to easily calculate the risk of infection in different types of populations, using aggregated data to approximate the individual risk of COVID-19 transmission by a person. Methods:The case of Catalonia, in Spain, is presented as an example, as it is one of the areas where the incidence of the virus among the population is being higher. The proposed method is known as an ecological study and is based on the statistical regression model between the incidence (or variable that represents it) and the risk factors but using aggregated data and obtaining a risk ratio (RR). Results:The results obtained have made it possible to find the risk of contracting COVID-19 concerning risk factors for high family income (RR=1.157491), more mobility (RR=1.065475), and high density of population (1.00002). Conclusions:This method could be used to design an app that predicts how the risk will evolve and calculate the risk of contagion in one area or another to take the proper action. The calculated RR can help us to understand how the variables become risks or protective factors at an ecological level (understanding aggregate data).

Adoption and user perceptions are dominant on personal health records literature and have led to a better understanding of what individuals' behaviors and perceptions are about the adoption of personal health records. However, these insights are descriptive and are not actionable to allow creating personal health records that will overcome the adoption problems identified by users. This study uses action design research to provide actionable knowledge regarding user perceptions and adoption and their application in the case of the digital allergy card. To achieve this, we conducted interviews with patients and physicians as part of the evaluation of the digital allergy card mock-up and the first prototype. As results, we provided some research proposals regarding the benefits of, levers for, and barriers to adoption of the digital allergy card that can be tested for several other personal health records.

Neuroplasticity differs from neuroregeneration, although both phenomena propose functional recovery after injury. The difference between both is evidenced in terms of recovery time, molecular reaction, gene and molecular expression, as well as conceptual. In this paper, we show the process of peripheral neuroregeneration and some differences between the neuroplasticity of the peripheral and central nervous system, as well as some complications of the process of neuroregeneration of the peripheral nervous system. To carry out the work, the PubMed platform was used with two batteries of descriptors to find the articles, in addition to filters that the platform provides for the selection of articles. In addition, some authors found in the platform search suggested the reading of other articles and these were included in this work according to the inclusion and exclusion methods. The process of peripheral neuroregeneration is complex, involving many signaling pathways, inflammatory and cellular response, and gene expression that favor neuroregeneration. It can be concluded that the mechanism of neuroregeneration consists of three main pillars that are pro-regenerative gene expression, inflammatory response, and Schwann cell action. However, it is not a perfect mechanism, and some complications have been evidenced.

Os danos mecânicos estão entre as principais causas de perdas pós-colheita. O trabalho avaliou as alterações causadas por danos mecânicos por impacto, corte, abrasão em caquis ‘Kyoto’. Os caquis foram armazenados a 0oC por 60 dias. Amostras para análises foram retiradas a intervalos de 15 dias para análises de: perda de massa fresca (%), firmeza da polpa (N), conteúdo de suco (%), sólidos solúveis (ºBrix) e acidez titulável (%). O tratamento por queda causou maior perda de massa fresca e acidez aos 60 dias e perda de firmeza aos 15 dias, demonstrando grande potencial em reduzir a qualidade pós- colheita de caquis ‘Kyoto’.

International audience; B-cell activating factor may be involved in the failure of B-cell depleting therapy with rituximab in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by promoting the emergence of splenic long-lived plasma cells. From results obtained in mouse models, we hypothesized that combining rituximab with sequential injections of belimumab could increase the rate of response at one year in patients with persistent or chronic ITP by preventing the emergence of these long-lived plasma cells. The study was a single-center, single arm, prospective phase 2b trial (RITUX-PLUS, NCT03154385) investigating the safety and efficacy of rituximab given at a fixed dose of 1,000 mg, two weeks apart, combined with five infusions of belimumab, 10 mg/kg at week 0 (W0)+2 days, W2+2 days, W4, W8 and W12 for adults with primary persistent or chronic ITP. The primary endpoint was the total number of patients achieving an overall response (complete response + response) at W52 according to a standard definition. In total, 15 non-splenectomized adults, nine (60%) with persistent IPT and six (40%) with chronic ITP, were included. No severe adverse event, infection, or severe hypogammaglobulinemia was observed. Thirteen patients achieved an initial overall response. At W52, 12 (80%) patients achieved an overall response, including ten (66.7%) with complete response. When compared with a cohort of patients receiving rituximab alone, the kinetics of B-cell repopulation appeared similar, but the number of circulating T follicular helper cells was significantly decreased with belimumab combination therapy. Combining rituximab and belimumab seems a promising strategy in ITP, with high efficacy and acceptable safety.

RESUME Les deux nouveaux vaccins contre les papillomavirus (HPV) s’adressent en priorite au cancer du col uterin. Ils sont efficaces a 100 % sur les lesions cervicales de haut grade s’ils sont pratiques avant tout contact avec les HPV 16, 18. Le depistage du cancer du col doit donc etre poursuivi et ameliore, puisque les deux vaccins couvrant les HPV 16,18 ne protegent que contre 70 % des 15 HPV a haut risque. Le meilleur âge pour vacciner, onze ans ou quatorze ans, est discute en fonction de l’âge des premiers rapports sexuels et de la duree de protection, etablie actuellement pour cinq ans. La mise en œuvre de ces vaccins requiert une surveillance multiple, dont la duree d’efficacite et la possibilite d’eventuels rappels vaccinaux, l’interet du rattrapage des femmes plus âgees, la vaccination des garcons, l’epidemiologie des HPV, l’information, particulierement difficile dans ce domaine, pour les professionnels et le public.