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4 results on '"metallic phase change material"'

1. Thermal Storage Using Metallic Phase Change Materials for Bus Heating—State of the Art of Electric Buses and Requirements for the Storage System

Author

Werner Kraft, Veronika Stahl, and Peter Vetter

Subjects
electric buses, thermal energy storage, latent heat storage, metallic phase change material, cabin heating, Technology
Abstract

Battery-powered electric buses currently face the challenges of high cost and limited range, especially in winter conditions, where interior heating is required. To face both challenges, the use of thermal energy storage based on metallic phase change materials for interior heating, also called thermal high-performance storage, is considered. By replacing the battery capacity through such an energy storage system, which is potentially lighter, smaller, and cheaper than the batteries used in buses, an overall reduction in cost and an increase of range in winter conditions could be reached. Since the use of thermal high-performance storage as a heating system in a battery-powered electric bus is a new approach, the requirements for such a system first need to be known to be able to proceed with further steps. To find these requirements, a review of the relevant state of the art of battery-powered electric buses, with a focus on heating systems, was done. Other relevant aspects were vehicle types, electric architecture, battery systems, and charging strategies. With the help of this review, requirements for thermal high-performance storage as a heating system for a battery-powered electric bus were produced. Categories for these requirements were the thermal capacity and performance, long-term stability, mass and volume, cost, electric connection, thermal connection, efficiency, maintenance, safety, adjustment, and ecology.

Published
2020
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2. Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles.

Subjects
History of engineering & technology, AC-AC converters, CFD, CVT speed ratio control, EV batteries, Electric Truck Simulator, Electric Vehicle (EV), Kalman filter, Lithium-ion battery, MATLAB, MeshWorks, SEI forming additives, SLI battery, Simscape, Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), adaptive EKF SOC estimation, adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), adaptive model-based algorithm, artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks, automated guided vehicle, autoregressive models of nonstationary signals, available capacity, battery, battery capacity, battery chargers, battery life, battery mechanical aging, battery modelling and simulation, battery recycling, battery reusing, battery sizing, battery testing cycler, battery thermal management, battery thermal model, braking force distribution, braking intention, butyronitrile, cabin heating, cell expansion, coulomb counting, diffusion induced stress, driving conditions identification, dual-motor energy recovery, echelon utilization, electric bus, electric buses, electric vehicle, electric vehicles, electrified propulsion, electro-hydraulic braking, electrochemical-thermal model, electrode particle model, energy consumption and efficiency characteristics, energy efficiency, energy management, energy storage applications, environmental conditions, equalization algorithm, estimation, fast charging, force, fuel cell, fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle, fuzzy unscented Kalman filtering algorithm, global optimization, heat and mass transfer, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), hybrid energy storage system, hybrid vehicles, hydrostatic stress influence on diffusion, improved second-order RC equivalent circuit, iron phosphate, joint estimation, latent heat storage, layered bidirectional equalization, least squares support vector machines (LSSVM), least-energy routing algorithm, li-ion battery, linear observer SOC estimation, linear quadratic estimator, lithium ion battery, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion cobalt battery, lithium-ion polymer battery, lowest instantaneous energy costs, metallic phase change material, metric evaluation, micro-channel cooling plate, mode switching, model-based design, motor minimum loss, multi-objective energy management, new energy vehicle, nitrile-based solvents, non-aqueous electrolyte, oil-electric-hydraulic hybrid system, open circuit voltage, open-circuit voltage, optimal energy management, particle swarm optimization (PSO), performance degradation modelling, pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP), power batteries, power battery, power conversion harmonics, power distribution, powertrain optimization, recurrent-neural-network (RNN), regenerative braking system, resistance, retired batteries, square root cubature Kalman filter, state of charge, state of energy, state of health, state-of-charge, state-of-charge estimation (SOC), state-of-health, temperature, thermal analysis, thermal energy storage, torque coordinated control, waveforms modeling, wireless power transmission
Abstract

Summary: The global electric car fleet exceeded 7 million battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in 2019, and will continue to increase in the future, as electrification is an important means of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is a very central component of the electric vehicle. The storage system needs to be cost-competitive, light, efficient, safe, and reliable, and to occupy little space and last for a long time. It should also be produced and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. This leaves many research challenges, and the purpose of this book is therefore to provide a platform for sharing the latest findings on energy storage systems for electric vehicles (electric cars, buses, aircraft, ships, etc.) Research in energy storage systems requires several sciences working together, and this book therefore include contributions from many different disciplines; this covers a wide range of topics, e.g. battery-management systems, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation, thermal-battery-management systems, power electronics for energy storage devices, battery aging modelling, battery reuse and recycling, etc.

4. Thermal Storage Using Metallic Phase Change Materials for Bus Heating - State of the Art of Electric Buses and Requirements for the Storage System

Author

Kraft, Werner, Stahl, Veronika, and Vetter, Peter

Subjects
latent heat storage, cabin heating, lcsh:T, Hardware_GENERAL, thermal energy storage, electric buses, Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte, lcsh:Technology, metallic phase change material
Abstract

Battery-powered electric buses currently face the challenges of high cost and limited range, especially in winter conditions, where interior heating is required. To face both challenges, the use of thermal energy storage based on metallic phase change materials for interior heating, also called thermal high-performance storage, is considered. By replacing the battery capacity through such an energy storage system, which is potentially lighter, smaller, and cheaper than the batteries used in buses, an overall reduction in cost and an increase of range in winter conditions could be reached. Since the use of thermal high-performance storage as a heating system in a battery-powered electric bus is a new approach, the requirements for such a system first need to be known to be able to proceed with further steps. To find these requirements, a review of the relevant state of the art of battery-powered electric buses, with a focus on heating systems, was done. Other relevant aspects were vehicle types, electric architecture, battery systems, and charging strategies. With the help of this review, requirements for thermal high-performance storage as a heating system for a battery-powered electric bus were produced. Categories for these requirements were the thermal capacity and performance, long-term stability, mass and volume, cost, electric connection, thermal connection, efficiency, maintenance, safety, adjustment, and ecology.

Published
2020

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