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Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of different doses of Lavender angustifolia essential oil (Lavender EO) administered by inhalation on sleep latency and neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation (TSD). Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Control, Alprazolam (ALP, 0.25 mg/kg given intraperitoneally), L1 (Lavender EO, 0.3 ml given by inhalation), L2 (Lavender EO, 0.5 ml given by inhalation), and L3 (Lavender EO, 1 ml given by inhalation); TSD was applied to all groups. Rats in SD groups were kept on a platform surrounded by water for 18 hr for 20 days, and for the remaining time, the animals were exposed to Lavender EO for 1 hr (11:00-12:00) and then were kept in their home cage for 5 hr (12:00-17:00). Their brain and brainstem were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses (c-Fos, ChAT, GAD, and ADRB2 expression) in the locus coeruleus (LC), basal forebrain (BF), and preoptic area (PO). Results: The groups ranked by the severity of edema, hyperemia, and neurodegeneration in LC, BF, and PO areas were control, L3, L1, L2, and ALP. c-Fos expression significantly decreased in all brain regions in all groups except the L1 group. ChAT and GAD expressions increased dramatically in all brain regions. ADRB2 significantly increased in LC in ALP and L2 groups; in the PO area in ALP, L1, and L2 groups; and in BF in all groups. Conclusion: Lavender EO treatment ameliorated c-Fos, ChAT, GAD, and ADRB2 expression, similar to the effect of ALP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The evidence shows that prehypertension is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) in people with prehypertension in Isfahan. Methods & Materials: This two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023, involving 70 prehypertensive patients selected from comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention included inhalation aromatherapy using two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil for 20 minutes in a single session. Blood pressure measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes post-intervention under standardized conditions. The control group received routine health center training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance (RMA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The results of the RMA indicated a significant interaction between time and group for both SBP (P

Electrospinning technology has demonstrated extensive applications in biomedical engineering, energy storage, and environmental remediation. However, its utilization in the cosmetic industry remains relatively underexplored. To address the challenges associated with skin damage caused by preservatives and thickeners used for extending the shelf life of conventional products, a soothing lavender-scented electrospun fibrous eye mask with coaxial layers was developed using the electrospinning technique. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as the hydrophilic outer sheath, while polycaprolactone (PCL) constituted the hydrophobic core, with lavender oil (LO) encapsulated within. The structural and physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. Upon hydration, the fibrous membrane exhibited strong adhesion properties, notable antioxidant activity, and a degree of antibacterial efficacy, demonstrating its potential for safe and effective use in skincare and eye mask applications. These findings suggest that the developed electrospun material offers promising functional properties and functional properties for integration into cosmetic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the formulation, electron beam (e-beam) crosslinking, and characterisation of hydrogels enriched with lavender oil (LO) to enhance their structural and functional properties for biomedical applications. Stable hydrogels were synthesised using water-soluble polymers and suitable ratios of Tween 80 and Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, via e-beam irradiation at doses up to 70 kGy. The most effective crosslinking was achieved with a radiation dose of 30 kGy, depending on the concentrations of surfactants and LO. LO-enriched hydrogels exhibited enhanced superabsorbent swelling (7700% to 18,000%) and faster equilibrium rates than the control hydrogel. Structural analysis revealed a flexible spongiform porous architecture with larger mesh sizes (156 nm to 246 nm) and adequate elastic moduli (130 to 308 Pa). Degradation tests aligned with swelling data, demonstrating a degradation rate of 12% after 35 days, indicating an appropriate balance of stability and degradation. These findings suggest that e-beam technology, in conjunction with LO and surfactant addition, can effectively tailor hydrogel properties for biomedical applications, making them promising candidates for further research in wound care, drug delivery systems, and other biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the fresh flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender oil) when used as a sensory additive in feed and in water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive under assessment is considered safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 30 mg/kg for dogs and ornamental fish. For the other target species, the calculated safe concentrations were 9 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 13 mg/kg for laying hens, 12 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 19 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 16 mg/kg for piglets, 23 mg/kg for sows, 39 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and salmonids, 35 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep/goats and horses, 22 mg/kg for dairy cows, 14 mg/kg for rabbits and 7 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive is safe at 7 mg/kg complete feed. The use of lavender oil in water for drinking was considered safe provided that the total daily intake does not exceed the daily amount considered safe when consumed via feed. The use of lavender oil in animal feed under the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer and the environment. Regarding user safety, the essential oil under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Since the oil of the flowering tops of L. angustifolia is recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The evidence shows that prehypertension is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) in people with prehypertension in Isfahan. Methods & Materials: This two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023, involving 70 prehypertensive patients selected from comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention included inhalation aromatherapy using two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil for 20 minutes in a single session. Blood pressure measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes postintervention under standardized conditions. The control group received routine health center training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance (RMA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The results of the RMA indicated a significant interaction between time and group for both SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P<0.001). Also, the intergroup effect for SBP was significant (P<0.001), demonstrating that the intervention group experienced a significantly greater reduction in average SBP compared to the control group. Intra-group analysis revealed a significant decrease in SBP before and after aromatherapy in the intervention group (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group did not show a significant change (P=0.068). Unlike SBP, the intergroup analysis for DBP did not yield significant results (P=0.141). Conclusion: Considering the rising trend of high blood pressure and its widespread complications, along with the positive effects of aromatherapy as a cost-effective and accessible intervention, lavender inhalation aromatherapy is recommended as a complementary treatment strategy in conjunction with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the enantiomeric composition and possibilities of analysis of 1-octen-3-yl acetate (OcAc), a chiral compound found in various samples of lavender essential oils (EOs). Essential oils are complex mixtures exhibiting diverse biological activities and are often subject to sophisticated adulteration methods, necessitating advanced analytical techniques for authenticity verification. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chiral gas chromatography, the analysis of lavender EOs samples determines the presence and enantiomeric ratios of OcAc. The results showed significant variations in the oils; however, there were minimal differences in enantiomeric purity among samples sourced from France, Bulgaria, and Slovakia. Major components such as linalool and linalyl acetate were predominant. The high enantiomeric purity of OcAc observed across all samples indicated there was no adulteration by synthetic products. The study underscores the importance of rigorous analytical methods to ensure the quality and authenticity of EOs, highlighting the influence of geographical origin on their chemical composition. These findings provided valuable insights into the factors affecting the authenticity and possible therapeutic efficacy of lavender essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum mothers often face discomforts such as back pain, uterine cramps, fatigue, and perineal pain. Perineal pain after an episiotomy can significantly impact daily activities, maternal quality of life, and the mother-infant relationship. Effective management is crucial to decrease the perineal pain. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of lavender oil on relieving perineal pain in postpartum mothers. Methods: A pre-experimental design with a pretest-posttest format was used. Participants, selected through purposive sampling, were assessed for pain intensity using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) from 0 to 10. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test to assess changes in pain levels before and after the intervention. Results: The significance level was found to be 0.004 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity. Conclusion: Lavender oil aromatherapy effectively reduces perineal pain in postpartum mothers. Although the study lacked a control group, lavender oil was found to be a safe and effective treatment, with no reported side effects.

Abstract Gels loaded with nanocarriers offer interesting ways to create novel therapeutic approaches by fusing the benefits of gel and nanotechnology. Clinical studies indicate that lavender oil (Lav-O) has a positive impact on accelerating wound healing properly based on its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Initially Lav-O loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Lav-SLN) were prepared incorporating cholesterol and lecithin natural lipids and prepared SLNs were characterized. Next, a 3% SLN containing topical gel (Lav-SLN-G) was formulated using Carbopol 940. Both Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were assessed in terms antibacterial effects against S. aureus. Lav-SLNs revealed a particle size of 19.24 nm, zeta potential of -21.6 mv and EE% of 75.46%. Formulated topical gel presented an acceptable pH and texture properties. Minimum Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration (MIC/MBC) against S. aureus for LAv-O, Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were 0.12 and 0.24 mgml− 1, 0.05 and 0.19 mgml− 1 and 0.045, 0.09 mgml− 1, respectively. Therefore, SLN can be considered as an antimicrobial potentiating nano-carrier for delivery of Lav-O as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in topical gel.

Gels loaded with nanocarriers offer interesting ways to create novel therapeutic approaches by fusing the benefits of gel and nanotechnology. Clinical studies indicate that lavender oil (Lav-O) has a positive impact on accelerating wound healing properly based on its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Initially Lav-O loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Lav-SLN) were prepared incorporating cholesterol and lecithin natural lipids and prepared SLNs were characterized. Next, a 3% SLN containing topical gel (Lav-SLN-G) was formulated using Carbopol 940. Both Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were assessed in terms antibacterial effects against S. aureus. Lav-SLNs revealed a particle size of 19.24 nm, zeta potential of -21.6 mv and EE% of 75.46%. Formulated topical gel presented an acceptable pH and texture properties. Minimum Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration (MIC/MBC) against S. aureus for LAv-O, Lav-SLN and Lav-SLN-G were 0.12 and 0.24 mgml− 1, 0.05 and 0.19 mgml− 1 and 0.045, 0.09 mgml− 1, respectively. Therefore, SLN can be considered as an antimicrobial potentiating nano-carrier for delivery of Lav-O as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in topical gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to build learning environments that support both academic and psychological growth, it is important to recognize and manage social anxiety, a problem that is frequently experienced by first-year students in educational settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess effectiveness of lavender oil on social anxiety among first-year college students. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was employed. The 100 samples selected using the non-probability purposive selection strategy. The instrument has two sections: demographic information and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Results: The results reveal that in the pretest, 70 (70%) had no anxiety, 12 (12%) had mild anxiety, and 18 (18%) had moderate anxiety, while in the post-test, 85 (85%) had no anxiety, 13 (13%) had mild anxiety, and 2 (2%) had moderate anxiety among first-year students. Students had a mean anxiety score of 37.90 ± 8.59 before and 21.53 ± 5.79 after the test. The mean difference score was 16.37, while the mean difference percentage was 41%. The estimated paired “t”-test result of t = 16.209 was found to be statistically significant at P < 0.001. This demonstrates that the lavender oil on social anxiety administered to students was effective in lowering anxiety levels during the post-test. Conclusion: Lavender oil is a promising natural treatment for social anxiety, providing a simple and accessible option with little side effects.

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous studies show that Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) essential oils can help relieve dental pain. Clove oil and lavender oil were tested as topical anesthetics in this study on rabbits, and their effects and likely mechanisms of action were analyzed. Clove oil and lavender oil were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-setup apparatus. Topically applying lidocaine, clove oil, or lavender oil topically all significantly reduced corneal sensitivity. The sensitivity of the cornea was successfully reduced by treatments consisting of lidocaine at a concentration of 0.5%, 25 µg of clove oil, and 50 µg of lavender oil. When clove oil is applied topically to the cornea, it produces effects similar to those of a local anesthetic due to the involvement of the cholinergic system. To achieve the desired effect of producing local anesthesia in the cornea of the rabbit, lidocaine, clove oil, and lavender oil were applied topically to the animal. A noticeable local anesthetic effect was produced when sub-anesthetic doses of lidocaine were combined with sub-anesthetic doses of lavender or clove oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lavender oil (LO) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, sedative, cardio-protective, and antinociceptive properties. Thrombosis and inflammation are interplayed processes that interact and influence one another. Our research compared three routes of administration to assess the efficacy of pretreatment with LO on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tail. Materials and methods Wistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each and pretreated 3 consecutive days prior the inducement of thrombosis to with one dose of LO (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)): per os by gavage (TLOPO group), intraperitoneal (TIPLO group) and subcutaneous (TSCLO group). We also have a control (C, received saline solution 0.9% and DMSO (vehicle) 1 ml intraperitoneal (i.p.)) group and a group with thrombosis (T group, received saline solution 0.9% plus vehicle 1 ml i.p.). Histopathological examinations were conducted together with measurements of the circulating levels of three oxidative stress markers, antioxidant effect (TAC and THIOL), and three proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, RANTES, and MCP-1). Results When administered intraperitoneally, lavender oil has the best efficacy on circulating levels of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NOx, TOS), one oxidative stress marker (THIOL), and all studied proinflammatory cytokines (p-values

Lavender oil is a potential natural source of raw material for the pharmaceutical industry. It has many beneficial effects on the body - antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, antimycotic, soothing, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, etc. Its application is promising in the future, in view of the development of resistance of most pathogens to conventional drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to investigate lavender essential oil aromatherapy as a calming phytoextract to improve the welfare of fattening Italian heavy pigs (intended for Parma ham production) and its possible effects on pig meat. Three pig groups were formed: one raised in commercial conditions, one receiving lavender oil inhalation administration once a day and one receiving lavender oil twice a day. We observed no effects of lavender on carcass or blood stress indicators, and only minor effects on meat quality, not affecting the subsequent dry curing processing. No residues were found in lean or fat tissue. With respect to welfare, animals treated once a day showed less severe tail lesions (indicating a lower level of frustration and damaging behaviors) compared to the other groups. Unexpectedly, animals treated twice a day showed a more severe degree of lesions on the body compared to the other groups (possibly indicating increased agonistic behaviors). Although from these conflicting results it was not possible to conclude on the ability of the product to improve the level of animal welfare, further studies are needed to investigate the potential effects on pig behavior and the optimization (frequency and modality) of the administration of vaporized lavender essential oil. We assessed the effects of inhalation administration of lavender essential oil (LEO) either once (L1) or twice (L2) a day on animal welfare indicators, carcass and meat quality of Italian heavy pigs. Pigs (n = 108) were allotted to three experimental groups (control -C-, L1 and L2) and lavender was administered, via a vaporizer device, to the treated groups during the entire fattening–finishing period (79–160 kg BW). Tail lesion severity was reduced in L1 at the end of the trial compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Body lesion counts, however, were higher in L2 than in C (p < 0.05), resulting in a more severe overall damage classification (p < 0.01). At slaughter, no differences were observed in carcass traits or blood stress indicators, only minor differences were observed in meat quality, and no LEO residual was found in fat or lean tissues, highlighting the preserved suitability of thighs for the dry curing process. While it was not possible to conclude on the ability to improve animal welfare of vaporized LEO in this production phase, the absence of adverse effects on meat quality and the discrepancies observed regarding the body lesions in L1 and L2 make further studies on behavioral aspects and the method of administration (route, frequency) of the product desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the administration convenience, transmucosal buccal drug delivery allows special strength points over peroral routes for systemic delivery. It could achieve local or systemic effect and boost drugs’ bioavailability for agents with first pass metabolism. The current study aimed to manufacture and optimize a lavender oil–based nanoemulsion loaded with zaleplon and incorporate it into fast-disintegrating tablets to promote its dissolution and oral bioavailability via oral mucosa. Zaleplon-loaded nanoemulsions were devised with various levels of lavender oil (10% to 25%), the surfactant Sorbeth-20 (35% to 65%), and the co-surfactant HCO-60 (20% to 40%); the extreme vertices mixture statistical design was adopted. The droplet size and drug-loading efficiency were the evaluated. The optimal formulation was transformed into self-nanoemulsified lyophilized tablets (ZP-LV-SNELTs), which were tested for their uniformity of content, friability, and disintegration time with in-vitro release. Finally, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the ZP-LV-SNELTs were determined and compared with those of marketed formulations. The optimal nanoemulsion had a droplet size of 87 nm and drug-loading capacity of 185 mg/mL. ZP-LV-SNELTs exhibited acceptable friability and weight uniformity and a short disintegration time. The in-vitro release of ZP-LV-SNELTs was 17 times faster than that of the marketed tablet. Moreover, the optimal ZP-LV-SNELTs increased the bioavailability of zaleplon in rabbits by 1.6-fold compared with the commercial tablets. Hence, this investigation revealed that ZP-LV-SNELTs delivered zaleplon with enhanced solubility, a fast release, and boosted bioavailability thru oral mucosa which provided a favorable route for drug administration which is suggested to be clinically investigated in future studies

Previous studies show that Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) essential oils can help relieve dental pain. Clove oil and lavender oil were tested as topical anesthetics in this study on rabbits, and their effects and likely mechanisms of action were analyzed. Clove oil and lavender oil were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-setup apparatus. Topically applying lidocaine, clove oil, or lavender oil topically all significantly reduced corneal sensitivity. The sensitivity of the cornea was successfully reduced by treatments consisting of lidocaine at a concentration of 0.5%, 25 μg of clove oil, and 50 μg of lavender oil. When clove oil is applied topically to the cornea, it produces effects similar to those of a local anesthetic due to the involvement of the cholinergic system. To achieve the desired effect of producing local anesthesia in the cornea of the rabbit, lidocaine, clove oil, and lavender oil were applied topically to the animal. A noticeable local anesthetic effect was produced when sub-anesthetic doses of lidocaine were combined with sub-anesthetic doses of lavender or clove oil.

Background: Lavender oil (LO) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, sedative, cardio-protective, and antinociceptive properties. Thrombosis and inflammation are interplayed processes that interact and influence one another. Our research compared three routes of administration to assess the efficacy of pretreatment with LO on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tail. Materials and methods: Wistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each and pretreated 3 consecutive days prior the inducement of thrombosis to with one dose of LO (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)): per os by gavage (TLOPO group), intraperitoneal (TIPLO group) and subcutaneous (TSCLO group). We also have a control (C, received saline solution 0.9% and DMSO (vehicle) 1 ml intraperitoneal (i.p.)) group and a group with thrombosis (T group, received saline solution 0.9% plus vehicle 1 ml i.p.). Histopathological examinations were conducted together with measurements of the circulating levels of three oxidative stress markers, antioxidant effect (TAC and THIOL), and three proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, RANTES, and MCP-1). Results: When administered intraperitoneally, lavender oil has the best efficacy on circulating levels of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NOx, TOS), one oxidative stress marker (THIOL), and all studied proinflammatory cytokines (p-values < 0.02). Moreover, TIPLO displayed the closest values for bleeding and clotting time to the C group, as well as the lowest length of the thrombus than the T, TPOLO, and TSCLO groups (p-values < 0.001). The TIPLO group has histological appearance comparable to the C group, with the exception of the presence of oedema. Conclusions: Lavender oil pretreatment with intraperitoneal administration as three days, one-dose per day, showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy in experimentally induced thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE To establish the scientific directions of lavender oil research and its therapeutic use. METHODS An analysis was made of the available methodological literature in the medical database PubMed related to Lavender oil. Known empirical therapeutic uses of lavender oil are Relaxation and stress relief. Lavender oil is known for its calming properties, which can help promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety; Pain relief: Lavender oil has analgesic properties, which means it can help relieve pain. Skincare: Lavender oil has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe and heal minor skin irritations like acne, insect bites, and minor burns; Respiratory support: Digestive health: Lavender oil may also help support digestive health by reducing inflammation in the gut and promoting healthy digestion. RESULTS 501 scientific studies with Lavender oil were found in the medical database PubMed. This publication analyzes the directions of scientific studies. CONCLUSIONS Lavender oil is a popular essential oil that has been used for centuries for its therapeutic properties. A significant part of scientific research is aimed at proving empirically known therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of efficient, eco-friendly antimicrobial agents for air purification and disinfection addresses public health issues connected to preventing airborne pathogens. Herein, the antimicrobial activity of a nanoemulsion (control, 5%, 10%, and 15%) containing neem and lavender oils with polycaprolactone (PCL) was investigated against airborne bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Various parameters such as the physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsion, pH, droplet size, the polydispersity index (PDI), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and the color measurement of the emulsion have been evaluated and optimized. Our results showed that the antimicrobial activity of PCL combined with neem and lavender oil was found to be the highest MIC and MBC against all tested bacteria. The droplet sizes for lavender oil are 21.86–115.15 nm, the droplet sizes for neem oil are 23.92–119.15 nm, and their combination is 25.97–50.22 nm. The range of pH and viscosity of nanoemulsions of various concentrations was found to be 5.8 to 6.6 pH and 0.372 to 2.101 cP. This study highlights the potential of nanotechnology in harnessing the antimicrobial properties of natural essential oils, paving the way for innovative and sustainable solutions in the fight against bacterial contamination.

Background: Lavender oil is widely known to possess a relaxant effect to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression. Linalyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene were the major constituents of lavender oil that potentially act on NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors), and emerging targets in the treatment of depression. Objective: This study aims to predict the binding of lavender compounds to NMDA receptors using an in silico model. Methods: The ligands of the docking study were four major chemical compounds of lavender oil, i.e., linalyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene. 5YE was defined as a native ligand, while memantine, an NMDAR antagonist, was used as a reference ligand. The NMDAR structure was taken from Protein Data Bank (ID 5H8Q), while the lavender compound was sketched in Chem3D. Autodock 4.2 was used to perform the docking analysis. Results: The result showed that beta-caryophyllene had the most potent interaction with NMDAR (free binding energy was -8.02 kcal/mol and inhibitory constant was 1.32 µM). Conclusion: The docking results suggest that beta-caryophyllene could be an NMDAR antagonist and be developed as a treatment for depression.

Objective: One of the most typical ways of transmitting the infection is by hand; thus, much emphasis has been placed on hand hygiene. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the effect of tea tree oil and lavender on bacterial samples found in nurses’ hands. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on all nurses working in ICU wards. The samples were selected by an easy non-probability sampling method. The research tools were demographic information questionnaires and a bacterial culture registration form. In the intervention phase, on the first day in the first experimental group, 2 drops of lavender oil, on the second day, 2 drops of tea tree oil, and on the third day, 2 drops of distilled water were poured on the nurse’s palm, and their hands were massaged for 10 seconds. Before and after the intervention, culture samples were taken from each group. The obtained data were analyzed with the Chi-square test, paired t test, and ANOVA in SPSS software v. 20 at a significant level of less than 0.05. Results: The most common organisms isolated at the beginning of the study were Staphylococcus epidermidis (76.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.8%), Klebsiella spp. (7.9%), and Escherichia coli (6.5%). The use of lavender oil and tea tree has been effective in reducing the microbial load of the palm. Hand massage with lavender oil had less effect on reducing germs (P=0.003), but tea tree oil had a more significant reduction of pathogens (P=0.001). Conclusion: Lavender and tea tree oil reduced the microbial load of nurses. Both methods have been effective, but the effect of tea tree oil was more significant. Therefore, their use in handwashing is recommended to eliminate palm bacteria in ICU staff.

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) belonging to Rosaceae family is stone fruit. it is enjoyed to be consumed as fresh fruit by many people, but also is preferred as juice, dried fruit and jam. Turkey has an important place in apricot production in the world. The postharvest life of apricot is limited as fresh fruit. In the study, Bebeko apricot variety was used, the fruits were grown in Van ecological conditions and harvested at harvesting maturity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Methyl Jasmonate (0.2 mM), cytokinin (5 ppm), lavender oil (1000 ppm) , MeJA (0.2 mM) + lavender oil (1000 ppm) and cytokinin (5 ppm) + lavender oil (1000 ppm) on apricot quality parameters such as pH, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), skin color, antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, respiration rate and ethylene production as well as determined how long the treatments applied to apricot increase storage period. Our findings suggest that the treatments applied to fruit have a beneficial impact on fruit quality comparing to untreated fruit. As a result, MeJA+Lavander oil treated fruit was found to maintain the quality of the product for 35 days; on the other hand, other treatments were found to maintain the quality of the product for 25 days.

Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) are promising for transdermal drug delivery due to their higher permeability-enhancing effects compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Lavender oil is an essential oil consisting of several terpenes (primarily linalool and linalyl acetate) known for their profound permeation-enhancing action. In the present work, we successfully encapsulated asenapine maleate (a second-generation antipsychotic that is highly metabolized by the liver, reducing its oral bioavailability) into biocompatible LNCs for transdermal application using a novel oily phase, i.e., lavender oil (LO-LNCs). A comparative study was conducted to determine the effects of different oily phases (i.e., Miglyol® 812, Labrafil® M1944CS, and Labrafac™ PG) on the LNCs. Surfactant types (Kolliphor® HS15, Kolliphor® EL and Tween80) and oil:surfactant ratios were studied. Blank and asenapine-loaded LNCs were optimized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug content and ex vivo skin permeation. Lavender oil and Labrafil® showed smaller vesicular sizes, while LO-LNCs increased the permeation of ASP across rat skin. In vivo pharmacokinetics revealed that LO-LNCs could increase the ASP Cmax via transdermal application by fourfold compared to oral suspension. They increased the bioavailability of ASP by up to 52% and provided sustained release for three days. The pharmacokinetic profile of the LO-LNCs was compared to ASP-loaded invasomes (discussed in a previous study) to emphasize LNCs' transdermal delivery behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EOs) have recently attracted more interest due to their insecticidal activities, low harmfulness, and rapid degradation in the environment. Therefore, Lavandula steochas (L. steochas) essential oil was assessed for its chemical constituents, in vitro cytotoxicity, and scolicidal, acaricidal, and insecticidal activities. Using spectrometry and gas chromatography, the components of L. steochas EOs were detected. Additionally, different oil concentrations were tested for their anticancer activities when applied to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293 cells) and the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The oil's scolicidal activity against protoscolices of hydatid cysts was evaluated at various concentrations and exposure times. The oil's adulticidal, larvicidal, and repelling effects on R. annulatus ticks were also investigated at various concentrations, ranging from 0.625 to 10%. Likewise, the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of L. steochas against Musca domestica were estimated at different concentrations. The analyses of L. steochas oil identified camphor as the predominant compound (58.38%). L. steochas oil showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells. All of the tested oil concentrations demonstrated significant scolicidal activities against the protoscoleces of hydatid cysts. L. steochas EO (essential oil) showed 100% adulticidal activity against R. annulatus at a 10% concentration with an LC50 of 2.34%, whereas the larvicidal activity was 86.67% and the LC50 was 9.11%. On the other hand, the oil showed no repellent activity against this tick's larva. Furthermore, L. steochas EO achieved 100% larvicidal and pupicidal effects against M. domestica at a 10% concentration with LC50 values of 1.79% and 1.51%, respectively. In conclusion, the current work suggests that L. steochas EO could serve as a potential source of scolicidal, acaricidal, insecticidal, and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage on pain intensity and maximal mouth opening (MMO) in patients with myogenous TMD. Ninety-one patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Group L (aromatherapy massage with lavender oil, test), group P (massage with sweet almond oil, placebo), and group C (control). Participants were evaluated at T0 (before the intervention), T1 (immediately after the intervention), and T2 (2-month follow-up). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. For T1 and T2, group L showed the greatest MMO values (48.01 ± 0.85 mm; 45.67 ± 0.84 mm), while group C exhibited the lowest values (39.13 ± 0.49 mm; 39.66 ± 0.82 mm) (p < 0.001). For VAS, group L revealed the lowest pain values at T1 (2) and T2 (2) (p < 0.001). Aromatherapy massage with lavender oil was effective in the management of painful TMD conditions and limited mouth opening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on many years of experience, packaging is considered as an inactive barrier that protects materials and goods from environmental factors. The applicability of native chemical additive such as essential oils in wrapping papers can be used in the forms of films, treatments, coatings or others. Essential oils or extracts from different aromatic plants are used as bioactive substances for antimicrobial activity. In this research, lavender essential oil treatment of packaging papers is examined for its inhibition activity under nine microorganisms—two Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria, two yeast and two fungal strains. The effectiveness of the treatment on the structural and strength indicators of the obtained paper samples is monitored. In detail, a five-day examination is conducted on the antibacterial effectiveness of lavender essential oil treatment. Results indicate that the lavender treatment of the obtained packaging paper is successful and the antifungal effect is more pronounced. The antimicrobial efficiency of paper treated with lavender essential oil is between 60 and 90% in the first two hours after treatment and gradually decreases to 40%–50% at the end of the 120 h period. The lavender essential oil treatment of wrapping paper has a promising perspective for preserving products from microbial spoilage and extending their shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the administration convenience, transmucosal buccal drug delivery allows special strength points over peroral routes for systemic delivery. It could achieve local or systemic effect and boost drugs' bioavailability for agents with first pass metabolism. The current study aimed to manufacture and optimize a lavender oil-based nanoemulsion loaded with zaleplon and incorporate it into fast-disintegrating tablets to promote its dissolution and oral bioavailability via oral mucosa. Zaleplon-loaded nanoemulsions were devised with various levels of lavender oil (10% to 25%), the surfactant Sorbeth-20 (35% to 65%), and the co-surfactant HCO-60 (20% to 40%); the extreme vertices mixture statistical design was adopted. The droplet size and drug-loading efficiency were the evaluated. The optimal formulation was transformed into self-nanoemulsified lyophilized tablets (ZP-LV-SNELTs), which were tested for their uniformity of content, friability, and disintegration time with in-vitro release. Finally, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the ZP-LV-SNELTs were determined and compared with those of marketed formulations. The optimal nanoemulsion had a droplet size of 87 nm and drug-loading capacity of 185 mg/mL. ZP-LV-SNELTs exhibited acceptable friability and weight uniformity and a short disintegration time. The in-vitro release of ZP-LV-SNELTs was 17 times faster than that of the marketed tablet. Moreover, the optimal ZP-LV-SNELTs increased the bioavailability of zaleplon in rabbits by 1.6-fold compared with the commercial tablets. Hence, this investigation revealed that ZP-LV-SNELTs delivered zaleplon with enhanced solubility, a fast release, and boosted bioavailability thru oral mucosa which provided a favorable route for drug administration which is suggested to be clinically investigated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): This study was conducted to examine the therapeutic effects of lavender oil (LO) against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in vitro model.Materials and Methods: In this study, the OGD model was induced in the H9C2 cell line, and then the cells were treated with LO (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 μg/ml). The anti-inflammatory activity of LO (Jak2/Stat3) was evaluated by immunocytochemical assay. Likewise, the p-ERK/ERK level was measured by western blotting.Results: Compared with only the OGD-induced injury model, cell survival increased after treatment with LO. Our results showed that 100 μg/ml of LO significantly decreased the expression of Jak2/Stat3 and the apoptotic activity 72 hr after reperfusion compared with the control group. Likewise, significant increases were observed in p-ERK/ERK in LO-treated groups. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings confirm that LO can be a good candidate to reduce OGD-induced injury in the H9C2 cell line through targeting Jak2/Stat3 and ERK pathways.

Among the factors that delay the wound healing process in chronic wounds, bacterial infections are a common cause of acute wounds becoming chronic. Various therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics, metallic nanoparticles, and essential oils have been employed to treat infected wounds and also prevent the wounds from bacterial invasion. Essential oils are promising therapeutic agents with excellent wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, and good soothing effects. Some essential oils become chemically unstable when exposed to light, heat, oxygen, and moisture. The stability and biological activity of essential oil can be preserved via loading into hydrogels. The polymer-based hydrogels loaded with bioactive agents are regarded as ideal wound dressings with unique features, such as controlled and sustained drug release mechanisms, good antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, excellent cytocompatibility, good porosity, moderate water vapour transmission rate, etc. This review addresses the pre-clinical outcomes of hydrogels loaded with essential oils in the treatment of infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain due to muscular cramp during hemodialysis is one of the most common problems experienced by patient undergoing hemodialysis, and is associated with poor outcomes of patients. The main aim of this study was to comparing the effects of lavender oil and olive oil massage on Pain due to muscular cramp during hemodialysis. Methods: In this random clinical trial, 60 hemodialysis patients were enrolled randomly and allocated to two groups with 30 members in Lordegan and Brojen hospitals, Shahrekord, Iran. The intervention included flora massage on the lower leg muscles so that the first group received olive oil massage (10 drops) and the second group received lavender oil massage (10 drops) for four weeks. After a tow week washout period, the groups were interchanged. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS (v.22) using repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test. Findings: Pain due to muscular cramp in the lavender group was significantly less than that of the olive oil group in the 2nd (p

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and differentiation with increased immune cell infiltration. The anti-psoriatic effect of lavender oil has been reported. However, its phytoconstituents, linalool (L) and linalyl acetate (LA), showed a distinctive affinity with psoriasis targets. Objectives: This investigation was aimed to determine the combined effect of L and LA in ameliorating psoriasis-like skin inflammation and its safety in longterm topical uses. Methods: The combined effect of L and LA was compared with their individual effects. The anti-psoriatic activity was performed using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in BALB/c mice and evaluated to reduce PASI and CosCam scores and Th-1 and Th-17 cell-specific cytokine levels. The acute and repeated dose dermal toxicities were investigated as per the OECD guidelines. Results: L and LA combination (LLA) in the 1:1 w/w ratio at 2% concentration showed a synergistic effect. The combination showed 76.31% and 71.29% recovery in PASI and CosCam Scores; however, L2% and LA2% showed 64.28% and 47.61% recovery in PASI and 64.75 and 56.76% recovery in CosCam scores, respectively. It showed >90% and >100% recovery in Th-17 and Th-1 cell-specific cytokines, respectively, and restored epidermal hyperplasia and parakeratosis toward normal compared with psoriatic mice. A marked reduction in NF-κB, cck6, and the IL-17 expression was also observed in the LLA-treated group. This combination was safe in a therapeutically effective dose for 28 days as no significant changes were observed in organ and body weights, liver and kidney parameters, and differential leukocyte counts. Conclusion: This study proves the synergy between L and LA in a 1:1 w/w ratio at 2% in the treatment of psoriasis-like skin inflammation and provides strong scientific evidence for its safe topical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herpes labialis, caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, is usually characterized by painful skin or mucosal lesions. Penciclovir (PV) tablets are found to be effective against herpes labialis but suffer from poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to combine the benefits of PV and lavender oil (LO), which exhibits anesthetic activity, in the form of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for the treatment of herpes labialis. Toward this purpose, LO (oil), Labrasol:Labrafil M1944 CS in the ratio of 6:4 (surfactant mixture), and Lauroglycol-FCC (co-surfactant, selected based on the solubility of PV) were evaluated as the independent factors using a distance quadratic mixture design. The formulation was optimized for the minimum globule size and maximum stability index and was determined to contain 14% LO, 40.5% Labrasol:Labrafil 1944 (6:4), and 45.5% Lauroglycol-FCC. The optimized PV-LO-SNEDDS was embedded in chitosan hydrogel and the resulting formulations coded by (O3) were prepared and evaluated. The rheological studies demonstrated a combined pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior with the highest flux of PV permeation across sheep buccal mucosa. Compared to a marketed 1% PV cream, the O3 formulation exhibited a significantly higher and sustained PV release, nearly twice the PV permeability, and a relative bioavailability of 180%. Overall, results confirm that the O3 formulation can provide an efficient delivery system for PV to reach oral mucosa and subsequent prolonged PV release. Thus, the PV-LO-SNEDDS embedded oral gel is promising and can be further evaluated in clinical settings to establish its therapeutic use in herpes labialis.

Background: Lavender oil is widely known to possess a relaxant effect to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression. Linalyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, and ß-caryophyllene were the major constituents of lavender oil that potentially act on NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors), and emerging targets in the treatment of depression. Objective: This study aims to predict the binding of lavender compounds to NMDA receptors using an in silico model. Methods: The ligands of the docking study were four major chemical compounds of lavender oil, i.e., linalyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate, and ß-caryophyllene. 5YE was defined as a native ligand, while memantine, an NMDAR antagonist, was used as a reference ligand. The NMDAR structure was taken from Protein Data Bank (ID 5H8Q), while the lavender compound was sketched in Chem3D. Autodock 4.2 was used to perform the docking analysis. Results: The result showed that beta-caryophyllene had the most potent interaction with NMDAR (free binding energy was -8.02 kcal/mol and inhibitory constant was 1.32 µM). Conclusion: The docking results suggest that beta-caryophyllene could be an NMDAR antagonist and be developed as a treatment for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of essential oil of Lavandula stoechas (Lavender) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and health status of quails. Materials and Methods: A group of 600 1-day-old Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix japonica), with an average weight of 6.8±0.2 g and a 1:1 sex ratio, were randomly assigned to four groups (150 chicks/group): three experimental groups which depend on the incorporation of lavender oil (LO) in the different phases of breeding and one control group. The experimental groups received a supplement of 1 g LO per kg of feed distributed sequentially throughout the entire 42-day breeding period. Results: No deaths were recorded throughout the breeding period. Highly significant differences were observed among the groups with regard to body weight measured on day 20 and day 42 (p

Background and purpose: Sodium enoxaparin is used in cardiac patients to prevent the progression of coronary artery obstruction. Its injection causes pain and bruises due to acidification and nurses should reduce these in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of EMLA cream and lavender oil on reducing the pain caused by injection of enoxaparin in cardiac patients in Kashan, Iran 2018. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in 75 patients with heart disease hospitalized in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into three groups to receive EMLA cream (n=25), lavender oil (n=25), and no treatment (control group, n=25). A researcher-made checklist including two parts (demographic information and pain scale) was used. The severity of pain was measured immediately and 5 minutes after two intermittent injections, in 24 hour, using visual scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21 applying ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: The findings showed no significant differences between the two groups in demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, and BMI). Compared to the control group, the severity of pain was significantly lower in groups that received lavender oil (P = 0.005) and EMLA cream (P= 0.01). Conclusion: According to this study, lavender oil and EMLA cream could reduce the pain caused by enoxaparin injection. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20100829004655N9)

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important non-communicable risk factors that cause cardiovascular diseases. Complementary therapies including massage and aromatherapy are widely used in the management of HTN. However, studies on aromatherapy massage in HTN are limited. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lavender oil leg massage on physical (cardiopulmonary function), cognitive, and psychological variables of patients with HTN., Materials and Methods: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial, comprising 100 HTN patients aged 44.99 ± 5.39 years who were recruited and randomly divided into the study group (SG) and control group (CG), was conducted. The SG received lavender oil leg massage, while the CG received supine rest for 20 min. Outcome variables like blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), random blood sugar (RBS) level, oxygen saturation, pulmonary function, oral temperature, trail making test (TMT) A and B, and state anxiety and mindfulness were assessed before and after the intervention., Results: The within-group analysis showed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, PR, RBS, TMT-A, TMT-B, and state mindfulness both in the SG and CG. However, a significant reduction in state anxiety was observed only in the SG unlike the CG. Moreover, the between-group analysis showed a significant improvement in state mindfulness and state anxiety in the SG compared to the CG., Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that lavender oil leg massage is effective in reducing BP and RBS, and improving cognitive function in hypertensive patients. In addition, it is more effective in reducing anxiety and improving mindfulness than rest in supine position in patients with HTN., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST NOTIFICATION: The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright© The Author(s) 2024. Published by the Massage Therapy Foundation.)

Objective(s): This study was conducted to examine the therapeutic effects of lavender oil (LO) against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in vitro model. Materials and Methods: In this study, the OGD model was induced in the H9C2 cell line, and then the cells were treated with LO (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 µg/ml). The anti-inflammatory activity of LO (JAK2/STAT3) was evaluated by immunocytochemical assay. Likewise, the p-ERK/ERK level was measured by western blotting. Results: Compared with only the OGD-induced injury model, cell survival increased after treatment with LO. Our results showed that 100 µg/ml of LO significantly decreased the expression of Jak2/Stat3 and the apoptotic activity 72 hr after reperfusion compared with the control group. Likewise, significant increases were observed in p-ERK/ERK in LO-treated groups. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings confirm that LO can be a good candidate to reduce OGDinduced injury in the H9C2 cell line through targeting Jak2/Stat3 and ERK pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herpes labialis, caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, is usually characterized by painful skin or mucosal lesions. Penciclovir (PV) tablets are found to be effective against herpes labialis but suffer from poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to combine the benefits of PV and lavender oil (LO), which exhibits anesthetic activity, in the form of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for the treatment of herpes labialis. Toward this purpose, LO (oil), Labrasol:Labrafil M1944 CS in the ratio of 6:4 (surfactant mixture), and Lauroglycol-FCC (co-surfactant, selected based on the solubility of PV) were evaluated as the independent factors using a distance quadratic mixture design. The formulation was optimized for the minimum globule size and maximum stability index and was determined to contain 14% LO, 40.5% Labrasol:Labrafil 1944 (6:4), and 45.5% Lauroglycol-FCC. The optimized PV-LOSNEDDS was embedded in chitosan hydrogel and the resulting formulations coded by (O3) were prepared and evaluated. The rheological studies demonstrated a combined pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior with the highest flux of PV permeation across sheep buccal mucosa. Compared to a marketed 1% PV cream, the O3 formulation exhibited a significantly higher and sustained PV release, nearly twice the PV permeability, and a relative bioavailability of 180%. Overall, results confirm that the O3 formulation can provide an efficient delivery system for PV to reach oral mucosa and subsequent prolonged PV release. Thus, the PV-LO-SNEDDS embedded oral gel is promising and can be further evaluated in clinical settings to establish its therapeutic use in herpes labialis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis experiences some symptoms. Pruritus, anxiety, and sleep quality are three of the most common symptoms. Even though some pharmacological treatments use to cope with these symptoms, they are still experienced by the patients at a high level. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of lavender oil aromatherapy on pruritus, anxiety, and sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: This randomized controlled study was carried out between December 2019 and March 2020. Eighty of 895 eligible patients were included in the study. Aromatherapy inhalation and massage together applied to the patients for six weeks. 5D-Itch Scale, State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), and Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) were used for data collection. IBM SPSS 25.0 were used for statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and repeated measures-ANOVA tests were used to compare the difference between the groups and simple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results: Most of the patients were male (57.5%) and aged between 41 and 55 years (52.5%). There was significant difference in the mean scores of SAI (Pretest: 44.02±5.33, Post-test: 35.40±4.52, P=0.003), 5D-Itch scale (Pretest: 9.80±2.04, Post-test: 7.00±2.31, P=0.001), and RCSQ (Pretest: 17.11 ±40.30, Post-test: 58.55±33.74, P=0.002) within time in the intervention group. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the mean scores of SAI (Intervention: 35.40±4.52, Control: 46.84±4.62, P=0.003), 5D-Itch scale (Intervention: 7.00±2.31, Control: 8.96±2.05, P=0.004), and RCSQ (Intervention: 58.55±33.74, Control: 19.93±28.36, P=0.001) after the intervention. Conclusion: After six-weeks intervention, lavender aromatherapy was found an effective way to reduce pruritus, anxiety and to improve the sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Endoscopy is known to cause significant anxiety in the patients in the clinical setting. Aromatherapy is a complementary medicine technique used to alleviate anxiety. The present study aimed to assess the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on the preoperative anxiety of endoscopy candidates in Iran. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at the endoscopy department of Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran during January 2018-August 2019. The sample population included 70 patients who were selected via convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and placebo. After completing the informed consent form, data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. One hour before endoscopy, the intervention group received aromatherapy with 10% lavender essential oil, and the placebo group received aromatherapy with placebo for 30 minutes. The anxiety inventory was completed again before endoscopy. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using statistical tests (P

Background: During the removal of the angiographic sheath, due to the patientchr('39')s vigilance and observation of the process, the patient experiences high levels of anxiety and stress. Objective: To determine the effects of inhalation of lavender essential oil on stress and anxiety during sheath take out in patients after coronary angiography. Method: In a semi-experimental study, 70 patients were selected by random sampling method in 2012 - 2013 and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. After leaving the shield (4 hours after the completion of the angiography), the Spielberger anxiety questionnaire was completed by the patients in both groups. After 70 minutes, the patients in the experimental group smelled two drops of lavender essential oil and the control group smelled placebo for 20 minutes. At the end of 20 minutes, the anxiety and stress levels of the patients assessed again and compared with pretest. Results: After intervention, anxiety (P = 0.001) and stress (P

Poor sleep quality is one of the most common problems among older adults. Non-pharmacological interventions are considered as a better choice for treatment of sleep problems in older adults. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on sleep quality in older adults. This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 retired older adults. Participants were divided into two groups using simple random sampling. The intervention group received 2 drops of lavender essential oil and the control group received 2 drops of placebo in a glass of water, during bedtime, for 7 nights. All participants filled out the Pittsburgh sleep quality index before and after the intervention. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and sleep quality score before intervention. A significant difference in sleep quality was observed in the group receiving lavender essential oil compared to the control group 7 nights after intervention. Lavender essential oil has a positive effect on improving older adults’ sleep quality.

Introduction: Exposure to noxious stimuli can cause pain in infants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the lavender oil inhalation on the pain resulting from the pentavalent vaccination. Methods: This clinical trial consisted of two groups: the lavender oil group with 42 infants and the placebo group with 57 infants. The healthy infants without congenital abnormalities in need of pentavalent vaccine also participated in our study. The infants started the lavender oil or placebo aromatherapy one minute before injection. The pain was assessed three times, using the Neonatal Infant pain Scale (NIPS): before vaccination, 15 s, and 5 min after vaccination. Also, the duration of crying was measured in both groups. Results: At baseline, the two groups were similar in relation to the NIPS scores. While, after 5 minutes, the NIPS score was significantly lower in the lavender group. Based on the repeated measures analysis, the NIPS score changed over time totally. However, the two groups were significantly different in relation to the NIPS score over time. The duration of crying was 75.47 (60.675) second in the lavender group and 105.22 (75.739) s in the control group. The statistical test showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: A low concentration of the lavender oil inhalation can reduce the pain and improve soothing in the infants with the pentavalent vaccine injection.