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BACKGROUND: Lower perceived social support is associated with hopelessness in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Higher perceived social support is associated with higher heart rate variability (HRV) in adults following a stressful event, but the relationship between HRV and hopelessness has not been examined in patients with IHD. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationships among HRV, perceived social support, and hopelessness in patients with IHD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-four participants were enrolled while hospitalized for an IHD event at a large hospital in the United States. Data collection occurred 2 weeks after hospital discharge and included the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a demographic form, and a short-term HRV measurement taken at rest. Linear models were used to assess associations between variables in unadjusted and adjusted models. Most participants were men (67%), married (75%), and non-Hispanic White (96%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (57%). There were inverse correlations between high frequency HRV and state hopelessness (r=-0.21, P=0.008) and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats HRV and state hopelessness (r=-0.20, P=0.012) after adjusting for important covariates. High frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats did not show evidence of mediating the relationship between perceived social support and hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant inverse correlations between parasympathetic measures of HRV and hopelessness. Assessing high frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats during early recovery following an IHD event could provide promising evidence for understanding a possible precursor to hopelessness and targets for future interventions. Registration Information: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT03907891, NCT05003791.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection poses a significant threat to the immune system, compromising the body's ability to combat diseases and infections. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia reported an HIV incidence rate of 3 cases per 10,000 individuals. This study aimed to gain insight into the lived experience of Saudi patients living with HIV. Methods: Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 16 HIV patients (10 men, 6 women) between January 2023 and May 2023. Results: Thematic data analysis highlighted three overarching themes and four subthemes. "Fear of the Future" encompassed subthemes including the fear of infecting a family member, fear of marriage, fear of employment recruitment, and fear of scandals. "Hopelessness" reflected the profound emotional state experienced by patients. "Overcoming Adversity" captured the resilience and strength demonstrated by individuals facing the challenges of living with HIV. Conclusion: Saudi patients diagnosed with HIV encounter numerous obstacles in their daily lives. The fear of the future, including concerns such as infecting family members, marriage prospects, employment opportunities, and potential social repercussions, significantly impacts their overall well-being. By understanding the lived experience of HIV patients in Saudi Arabia, healthcare providers and policymakers can better support and enhance the quality of life for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A growing body of literature focuses on the role of benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in predicting adulthood well-being, in addition to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, cross-cultural differences are generally ignored in this endeavor. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of BCEs in predicting life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness. We also examined the potential of resilience and the role of hopelessness in mediating the relationship between BCE and life satisfaction. Methods: A total of 850 university students from Turkey (n = 371), Portugal (n = 248), and India (n = 231), aged 17 to 58 years (M = 22.12, SD = 4.41), participated in the study. Participants completed an online protocol consisting of measures to assess BCEs, life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness. Results: BCEs, hopelessness, and life satisfaction have significantly differed among the samples based on the country of residence. BCEs were positively correlated to resilience and life satisfaction and negatively to hopelessness. In the sequential mediation model, after controlling for country and sex, resilience and hopelessness sequentially mediated the relationship between BCEs and life satisfaction. BCEs were associated with life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness across countries and sexes. The model explains 42.8% of the variability. Conclusion: Despite differences between countries, BCEs are important predictors of adult well-being in all three countries and should be monitored along with ACE. Further, resilience seems to have an important role in lowering the negative consequences of lower BCEs and feelings of hopelessness, pointing to the need to strengthen psychological resilience among adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between loneliness and hopelessness and mobile phone addiction (MPA) in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) adolescents, exploring the mediating role of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 1545 NSSI adolescents and 553 non-NSSI adolescents from over 20 specialized psychiatric hospitals across multiple provinces in China. The participants were asked to complete the Beck's Hopelessness Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Coping Style Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Index questionnaire. We mainly used the t-tests and structural equation model to analyze the data. Results: T-tests showed that NSSI adolescents had lower scores on problem-focused coping and higher scores on MPA, loneliness, hopelessness, and emotion-focused coping than non-NSSI adolescents. Structural equation model showed that loneliness and hopelessness were positively related to MPA for non-NSSI adolescents. Hopelessness was positively related to MPA for NSSI adolescents. Emotion-focused coping played a mediating role in the relationship between loneliness/hopelessness and MPA for both NSSI and non-NSSI adolescents. Conclusion: These findings suggest that NSSI adolescents with loneliness and hopelessness may have mobile phone dependence, highlighting the mediating role of emotion-focused coping style. Such findings help to understand the formation mechanism of MPA for adolescents with NSSI. Alleviating the loneliness and hopelessness and improving adaptive coping styles of adolescents with NSSI have potential implications for reducing their MPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many societal changes threaten the sustainability of health systems. Entrepreneurs play a significant role in creating sustainable innovations necessary for development and structural change. This study aimed to evaluate how university students studying health sciences perceive individual entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the impact of COVID-19-related hopelessness on their perception of entrepreneurship. Methods: Six hundred eighty-one undergraduate students from the faculty of health sciences in Türkiye, participated in the study. The Individual Entrepreneurship Perception Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to collect data. Results: The results revealed that the students' perception of individual entrepreneurship was high, while their hopelessness levels were moderate. In addition, a moderate negative relationship was found between the students' hopelessness levels and their perception of individual entrepreneurship. The regression analysis showed that the students' hopelessness levels and subdimensions (hope, loss of motivation, and future expectation) accounted for 26.3% of the total variance in individual entrepreneurship perception. Increased hopelessness regarding the sub-dimensions of hope, loss of motivation, and expectations for the future decreased their individual entrepreneurship perceptions. Conclusions: These findings suggest that individual entrepreneurship perception among health sciences students could be negatively impacted during extraordinary periods related to health crises like pandemics. Developing hope, motivation, and expectations for the future is crucial to enhancing individual entrepreneurship perception among health sciences students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although major depression is the disorder most frequently associated with suicidal behavior, it is unclear that major depressive disorder patients may develop suicidal ideation. Basic affective system theory may provide a novel and beneficial viewpoint in this field. The goal of this study was to investigate the basic affective system in relation to suicidal ideation in individuals with depression. Method: The study population comprised 160 participants who had been formally diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether they had suicide ideation (depression with suicide [DS]) (N = 93) or not (depression with no suicidal ideation [DNS]) (N = 67). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) were applied. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 24 and the SPSS macroprocess, which were specifically developed for assessing complex models including serial mediators, were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of all participants was 31.1 ± 11 years, and most of them were female (65%). The DS group had a higher family history of psychiatric medication use and suicidal attempts. In addition, BDI, BHS, and SPS total scores were higher, as well as ANGER subscale scores were higher in the DS group. In mediation analysis, the ANGER subscale significantly predicted the presence of suicide ideation. We observed a direct effect of the ANGER subscale score on suicide ideation as well as an indirect effect of the ANGER subscale score on suicidal ideation via depression severity. Conclusion: Higher scores on ANGER are associated with suicidal ideation. Neurobiological correlates, including the ANGER system, may be promising in understanding suicidal behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have higher rates of suicidal ideation and a higher suicide attempt prevalence than patients with other types of depression. Purpose: This study was designed to study the suicidality trajectory and relationships between hopelessness, resilient coping, and self-efficacy, respectively, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in patients with TRD during hospitalization and at 3 months after discharge. Methods: A longitudinal survey of 53 psychiatric inpatients with TRD was conducted. Suicidality, hopelessness, resilient coping, self-reported medication adherence, and self-efficacy were assessed at Weeks 1 and 2 (T0 and T1) after hospitalization and Week 1 and Months 1 and 3 after discharge. Data were analyzed using a Cox regression model. Results: Suicidality varied across the five time points, with a downward trend observed between T0 and T1 (reflecting the initial effects of inpatient treatment) and an upward trend observed across the 3-month follow-up. Antidepressant overdose was the most common method used for suicide. The risk of high suicidal ideation during follow-up was 1.63, 2.63, and 1.14 times higher, respectively, in participants with a high level of hopelessness, low level of resilient coping, and low self-efficacy. Also, having a higher level of hopelessness and being younger in age increased the risk of attempting suicide by 3.07 times and over 6 times, respectively, compared to older participants. Conclusions/Implication for Practice: Suicidality was shown to fluctuate between the in-hospital treatment phase and the first 3 months following discharge in this sample of patients with TRD. Younger age, feelings of hopelessness, low resilience, and low self-efficacy were the top four factors contributing to post-discharge suicide risk. These findings highlight the need for regular patient monitoring and assessment to identify those with TRD who are at high risk of suicide as well as the importance of focusing on hopelessness, resilience, and self-efficacy as predictors of suicide ideation and attempts. Nurses should help patients with TRD, especially those who are younger, and improve and maintain their hope, resilience, and self-efficacy both during hospitalization and shortly after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background A growing body of literature focuses on the role of benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in predicting adulthood well-being, in addition to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, cross-cultural differences are generally ignored in this endeavor. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of BCEs in predicting life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness. We also examined the potential of resilience and the role of hopelessness in mediating the relationship between BCE and life satisfaction. Methods A total of 850 university students from Turkey (n = 371), Portugal (n = 248), and India (n = 231), aged 17 to 58 years (M = 22.12, SD = 4.41), participated in the study. Participants completed an online protocol consisting of measures to assess BCEs, life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness. Results BCEs, hopelessness, and life satisfaction have significantly differed among the samples based on the country of residence. BCEs were positively correlated to resilience and life satisfaction and negatively to hopelessness. In the sequential mediation model, after controlling for country and sex, resilience and hopelessness sequentially mediated the relationship between BCEs and life satisfaction. BCEs were associated with life satisfaction, resilience, and hopelessness across countries and sexes. The model explains 42.8% of the variability. Conclusion Despite differences between countries, BCEs are important predictors of adult well-being in all three countries and should be monitored along with ACE. Further, resilience seems to have an important role in lowering the negative consequences of lower BCEs and feelings of hopelessness, pointing to the need to strengthen psychological resilience among adults.

Introduction: Many societal changes threaten the sustainability of health systems. Entrepreneurs play a significant role in creating sustainable innovations necessary for development and structural change. This study aimed to evaluate how university students studying health sciences perceive individual entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the impact of COVID-19-related hopelessness on their perception of entrepreneurship. Methods: Six hundred eighty-one undergraduate students from the faculty of health sciences in Türkiye, participated in the study. The Individual Entrepreneurship Perception Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to collect data. Results: The results revealed that the students' perception of individual entrepreneurship was high, while their hopelessness levels were moderate. In addition, a moderate negative relationship was found between the students' hopelessness levels and their perception of individual entrepreneurship. The regression analysis showed that the students' hopelessness levels and sub-dimensions (hope, loss of motivation, and future expectation) accounted for 26.3% of the total variance in individual entrepreneurship perception. Increased hopelessness regarding the sub-dimensions of hope, loss of motivation, and expectations for the future decreased their individual entrepreneurship perceptions. Conclusions: These findings suggest that individual entrepreneurship perception among health sciences students could be negatively impacted during extraordinary periods related to health crises like pandemics. Developing hope, motivation, and expectations for the future is crucial to enhancing individual entrepreneurship perception among health sciences students.

Anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness are two traits that have been previously linked to increased gaming problems. Research in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic showed that emotionally vulnerable individuals were turning to video games as a means of coping with their distress. However, more research is needed on the longterm and enduring pathways from internalizing traits to time spent gaming during COVID-19, after the lockdowns and preventative measures had been lifted. As such, the current study employs a multi-wave longitudinal study that predicted that those participants who experience high levels of anxiety sensitivity or hopelessness would use gaming as a means to cope with their emotional discomfort, resulting in increased gaming behaviours. A sample of 1,001 American gamers (Mage = 38.43, SD = 12.11, 53.2% female) completed three surveys through Mechanical Turk, with the first occurring in July 2021, and subsequent surveys spaced three months apart. This study measured participants' baseline anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness using the Substance Use Risk Profile. At each time point, participants were asked to recall their average time spent gaming over the past month using a Timeline Follow-Back method, and answer questions related to their coping motivations for gaming using the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire. Coping motives consistently predicted time spent gaming at the next timepoint. Furthermore, we found evidence that high levels of anxiety sensitivity at baseline predicted greater future time spent gaming at Time 3, through greater coping motives at Time 2. Hopelessness was correlated with coping motives and time spent gaming at baseline, but did not relate to these variables across time. Anxious individuals who were gaming to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at higher risk for excessive gaming. This may be particularly true for individuals who are higher in anxiety sensitivity. Future research should aim to understand how the relationships between anxiety sensitivity, coping motivations, and time spend gaming exist in the context of symptoms of gaming disorder and functional impairments that exist due to excessive gaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well-being of married individuals is shaped by various psychological factors, among which psychological vulnerability, hopelessness, and psychological distress play critical roles. This study investigates how psychological vulnerability impacts well-being through the mediating effects of hopelessness and psychological distress. The sample comprised 522 married individuals aged 23 to 67 (M = 36.70, SD = 10.77). Data were collected using the Psychological Vulnerability Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Internal consistency reliability coefficients and composite reliability of the variables were calculated. Pearson Correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the mediating roles. The significance of direct and indirect relationships was assessed using the bootstrap method. The analysis revealed significant correlations among the variables. SEM results indicated that psychological vulnerability positively and significantly predicted hopelessness and psychological distress, while hopelessness and psychological distress negatively predicted well-being. Additionally, the serial mediation of hopelessness and psychological distress in the relationship between psychological vulnerability and well-being was found to be significant. These findings suggest that psychological vulnerability can adversely affect the wellbeing of married individuals through the serial mediation of hopelessness and psychological distress. This study may contribute valuable insights to the literature and offers practical implications for couple and family counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if psychache and hopelessness may serve as reliable predictors of suicidal ideation among female fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 50 women with FM, examining the relationship between psychological pain, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. FM diagnosis was confirmed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Demographic data, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 7.0.2), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Psychache Scale were utilized to assess these relationships and their predictive value for suicidality. Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.2 years (±8.7). Thirty-two (64%) patients had current major depression, 11 (22%) had bipolar disorder, 20 (40%) presented passive suicidal ideation and 14 (28%) presented active suicidal ideation. Psychological pain correlated with both depressive symptoms (p<0.01; r= 0.648) and hopelessness (p=0.029; r=0.312) but did not predict suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analyses revealed depressive symptom severity as a predictor of passive suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 1.486; 95% CI: 1.017 - 2.170), while hopelessness predicted active suicidal ideation (odd ratio = 1.356; 95% CI, 1.049 - 1.753). Conclusions: FM female patients showed increased prevalence of suicidal ideation. Hopelessness predicts active suicidal ideation but psychological pain did not serve as predictive factor for suicide ideation among female FM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined the effects of bullying victimization on cyberbullying perpetration and investigated whether hopelessness and time spent online sequentially mediate the relationship between bullying victimization and cyberbullying perpetration among upper elementary students. Methods: The participants were 596 upper elementary school students {5th and 6th graders; 291 boys (48.8%)} from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.3 (Model 6) by Hayes (2017). Results: First, bullying victimization positively influenced cyberbullying perpetration. Second, the sequential mediating effects of hopelessness and time spent online were significant. Lastly, time spent online mediated the effect of bullying victimization on cyberbullying perpetration, whereas hopelessness did not mediate this effect. Conclusion: These findings indicate a link between bullying victimization and cyberbullying perpetration. Therefore, it is recommended that cyberbullying prevention programs include strategies to reduce bullying victimization. Furthermore, high levels of hopelessness resulting from bullying victimization may lead to excessive internet use, increasing the likelihood of cyberbullying perpetration. Thus, victims need to be informed of about the importance of reporting bullying incidents to adults such as teachers, counselors, or parents. Additionally, if victims already exhibit high levels of hopelessness, it is necessary to encourage them to participate in evidence-based programs. Finally, the significant mediating effect of time spent online suggests that monitoring and intervening in victims’ online activities are crucial for reducing the likelihood of cyberbullying perpetration. These efforts may help prevent victims from spending excessive time online to relieve their hopelessness and from perpetrating cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: There are several risk factors associated with developing mental disorders among people over 60 years of age. Mental health encompasses multiple domains or capacities, which can comprise the psychological wellbeing of older people. Therefore, resilient coping, self-compassion, self-esteem, hopelessness, quality of life, and depression are considered the characteristics and adaptive mechanisms that bring together the main risk and protective factors for imbalance in mental wellbeing. Objective: This study aimed to establish the demographic, social, and family factors, as well as the clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits that influence the mental health of the elderly people in the city of Medellin, in the year 2021, to build a mental health index. Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative approach, employs retrospective temporality, and utilizes secondary sources. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with the SABAM Project (health and mental wellbeing of older adults from five cities in Colombia in 2021 by its Spanish acronym) database (secondary source), which is part of the research group "Public Health Observatory" of CES University (Medellin, Colombia). The database comprised 500 records of people aged over 60 years from the city of Medellin in 2021. While constructing the index, a principal component analysis was used, along with the Varimax method for factor analysis rotation. Results: The median age of the general population was 67 years (IQR 6372); for men, the median age was 66 years (IQR 63-71) and for women, the median age was 67 years (IQR 63-72). An association was found between low socioeconomic levels, alcohol consumption, and the level of higher education (university--postgraduate) with low levels of the Mental Health Index in people over 60 years of age in Medellin during the year 2021. Conclusion: A quantitative model was developed to predict either a positive or negative prognosis in the mental wellbeing of the population over 60 years of age in the city of Medellin. The model was also used for the development of a sociodemographic profile highlighting the impact on mental health among people over 60 years of age with limited economic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Much of the literature related to mental health focuses on identifying risk factors and predictors of poor mental health. Less of the research has a health-promoting orientation, focusing on potential sources of resilience and strength.Aims: The current study contributes to the growing field of positive psychology by investigating the potential protective role of sense of coherence (SOC) in the association between COVID-19-related worries and adverse mental health outcomes.Methods: Participants were South African undergraduate students (n = 337) who completed the SOC scale, COVID-19-related worries scale, Beck hopelessness scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies depression scale, and the trait scale of the state-trait anxiety inventory. We used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine the mediating role of SOC in the relationship between COVID-19-related worries and indices of mental health. The study was undertaking in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 disease outbreak in 2020.Results: T-test analyses found that women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than men, and correlational analyses found a significant negative association between age and anxiety. After controlling for the confounding effects of age and gender, mediation analysis demonstrated that SOC had a direct and mediating effect on hopelessness, depression, and anxiety, suggesting that it is a potential protective resource. SOC is thus the pathway through which COVID-19-related worries impact mental health.Conclusion: Enhancing this resilience resource among vulnerable population groups can promote effective coping in the context of societal crises.

Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection poses a significant threat to the immune system, compromising the body’s ability to combat diseases and infections. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia reported an HIV incidence rate of 3 cases per 10,000 individuals. This study aimed to gain insight into the lived experience of Saudi patients living with HIV. Methods Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 16 HIV patients (10 men, 6 women) between January 2023 and May 2023. Results Thematic data analysis highlighted three overarching themes and four subthemes. “Fear of the Future” encompassed subthemes including the fear of infecting a family member, fear of marriage, fear of employment recruitment, and fear of scandals. “Hopelessness” reflected the profound emotional state experienced by patients. “Overcoming Adversity” captured the resilience and strength demonstrated by individuals facing the challenges of living with HIV. Conclusion Saudi patients diagnosed with HIV encounter numerous obstacles in their daily lives. The fear of the future, including concerns such as infecting family members, marriage prospects, employment opportunities, and potential social repercussions, significantly impacts their overall well-being. By understanding the lived experience of HIV patients in Saudi Arabia, healthcare providers and policymakers can better support and enhance the quality of life for this population.

ABSTRACT Introduction Although major depression is the disorder most frequently associated with suicidal behavior, it is unclear that major depressive disorder patients may develop suicidal ideation. Basic affective system theory may provide a novel and beneficial viewpoint in this field. The goal of this study was to investigate the basic affective system in relation to suicidal ideation in individuals with depression. Method The study population comprised 160 participants who had been formally diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether they had suicide ideation (depression with suicide [DS]) (N = 93) or not (depression with no suicidal ideation [DNS]) (N = 67). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) were applied. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 24 and the SPSS macroprocess, which were specifically developed for assessing complex models including serial mediators, were used to analyze the data. Results The mean age of all participants was 31.1 ± 11 years, and most of them were female (65%). The DS group had a higher family history of psychiatric medication use and suicidal attempts. In addition, BDI, BHS, and SPS total scores were higher, as well as ANGER subscale scores were higher in the DS group. In mediation analysis, the ANGER subscale significantly predicted the presence of suicide ideation. We observed a direct effect of the ANGER subscale score on suicide ideation as well as an indirect effect of the ANGER subscale score on suicidal ideation via depression severity. Conclusion Higher scores on ANGER are associated with suicidal ideation. Neurobiological correlates, including the ANGER system, may be promising in understanding suicidal behaviors.

Abstract Background and Aim The relationship between psychological factors and treatment outcomes with assisted reproductive technology has sparked considerable debate. This study aims to investigate the emotional risk factors in couples seeking infertility treatment using assisted reproductive technology in Sari, Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Materials and methods This research is a cross-sectional study and emotional risk factors and other related factors were examined using the Persian version of the SCREENIVF demographic, social, and clinical status questionnaire, social, and clinical status questionnaire before using Assisted reproductive technology in 460 infertile couples selected from infertility treatment centers in Sari City, Iran. The samples were randomly selected using a table of random numbers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software. Results The mean age of the male and female participants were 31.70 ± 5.71 and 35.22 ± 5.48, respectively. The results regarding emotional risk factors and other related factors revealed that the variables of remarriage (P = 0.048) and exposure of spouse to emotional risk factors (P = 0.001), history of depression disorder (P = 0.007), and history of anxiety disorder (P = 0.009) were significantly correlated with the exposure of women to emotional risk factors. Furthermore, men’s exposure to emotional risk factors was significantly correlated with primary education (P = 0.026) and diploma (P = 0.043) levels, age (P = 0.006), and wife’s exposure to emotional risk factors (P = 0.001). Conclusion By identifying infertile couples who are at risk of emotional risk factors, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate support and interventions to mitigate the emotional challenges associated with infertility. This proactive approach can significantly enhance couples undergoing infertility treatment’s well-being and mental health.

Background: This study aimed to delineate the interplay between depression, hopelessness, and episodic future thinking (EFT), focusing on cognitive biases towards negative future thinking that are central to depressive symptomatically. Methods: A Japanese university student was utilized to scrutinize divergences in EFT across groups stratified by varying degrees of depression and hopelessness. The research leveraged a modified future thinking task (FTT), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II to gauge participants' levels of hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Results: Consistent with prior research, the non-depressed group showed a reduction in positive EFT, reinforcing the idea that diminished positive future thinking is a hallmark of depressive conditions, even in the absence of a clinical diagnosis. Moreover, individuals with comorbid depression and elevated hopelessness demonstrated a significant decrease in positive EFT and an increase in negative EFT, substantiating a distinctive cognitive profile for this subgroup. This finding suggests that the presence of hopelessness exacerbates the negative cognitive biases associated with depression. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of considering hopelessness as an independent construct when assessing EFT in clinical contexts. The pronounced impact of hopelessness on future thinking in those with depression suggests that targeted interventions, such as future-directed therapy (FDT), may be particularly effective for individuals with hopelessness depression by focusing on modifying negative future thinking patterns and enhancing life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While sexual assault may have particularly adverse emotional effects compared with other forms of trauma, it remains unclear which emotional outcome dimensions are impacted, whether cannabis outcomes are similarly impacted, and whether gender differences exist in sexual assault's links with these outcomes. Methods: N = 100 cannabis users with trauma histories (M age = 33.1) completed standardized measures of demographics, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and cannabis outcomes (frequency, medicinal prescription, motives, and craving). Results: Sexual assault was experienced more often by women (83.9%) than men (31.8%). A series of 2 × 2 analyses of variance [gender: women (n = 56) vs. men (n = 44) × trauma type: sexual assault (n = 61) vs. other (n = 39)] and logistic regression revealed that sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors on re-experiencing and hyperarousal PTS symptoms (DSM-5 Clusters B and E), cognitive depressive symptoms, hopelessness, cannabis use frequency, medicinal cannabis prescription, cannabis use to cope with psychological symptoms, and compulsivity craving; and lower on social and enhancement cannabis use motives. In terms of gender main effects, women scored higher than men on cannabis use to cope with negative emotions. In terms of interactions for PTS Cluster D symptoms (negative alterations in mood/cognitions), among men only, sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors; and for cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness cannabis craving, among sexual assault survivors only, women scored higher than men. Discussion: Across many different trauma, women survivors' use of cannabis to cope with negative affect should be a specific therapeutic focus. Moreover, we identified specific emotional and cannabis use outcomes that should be of specific clinical concern among sexual assault survivors regardless of gender. Finally, in terms of gender differences of clinical interest among sexual assault survivors, while PTS Cluster D symptoms should be specific treatment targets in men, cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness craving should be treatment targets in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Holy Qur'an is the main source of the Islamic religion, and for this reason, Muslims have been trying to understand it for a long time. The important point here is that non-Arabic speaking Muslims were forced to use translations of the Holy Quran due to their language barrier. The problem here is that in some cases, translation does not have the possibility of transferring the entire concept to the target language, therefore, the general translations of the Holy Quran are facing some inadequacies. One of the topics mentioned in the Holy Quran is despair. In the Holy Qur'an, two articles "Qunt" and "Despair" are used to refer to this issue, which naturally have differences based on the principle of divine wisdom and the linguistic principle of linguistic economy, while in the Persian translations below these two words are equivalent "Disappointment" is used. In this research, we intend to answer this question through library studies and the use of semantic methods, what is the difference in meaning between the two words "qant" and "despair" and what new equivalent can be suggested for them? It should be noted that despite the great importance of this question, no such research has been conducted so far. From the results of the current research, we can also point to the suggestion of translating "disappointment-turning back" for the article of Qant and assigning the equivalent of "disappointment" to the article of despair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The relationship between psychological factors and treatment outcomes with assisted reproductive technology has sparked considerable debate. This study aims to investigate the emotional risk factors in couples seeking infertility treatment using assisted reproductive technology in Sari, Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Materials and methods: This research is a cross-sectional study and emotional risk factors and other related factors were examined using the Persian version of the SCREENIVF demographic, social, and clinical status questionnaire, social, and clinical status questionnaire before using Assisted reproductive technology in 460 infertile couples selected from infertility treatment centers in Sari City, Iran. The samples were randomly selected using a table of random numbers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software. Results: The mean age of the male and female participants were 31.70 ± 5.71 and 35.22 ± 5.48, respectively. The results regarding emotional risk factors and other related factors revealed that the variables of remarriage (P = 0.048) and exposure of spouse to emotional risk factors (P = 0.001), history of depression disorder (P = 0.007), and history of anxiety disorder (P = 0.009) were significantly correlated with the exposure of women to emotional risk factors. Furthermore, men's exposure to emotional risk factors was significantly correlated with primary education (P = 0.026) and diploma (P = 0.043) levels, age (P = 0.006), and wife's exposure to emotional risk factors (P = 0.001). Conclusion: By identifying infertile couples who are at risk of emotional risk factors, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate support and interventions to mitigate the emotional challenges associated with infertility. This proactive approach can significantly enhance couples undergoing infertility treatment's well-being and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual distress, hopelessness, and depression are concepts that are often used in palliative care. A simultaneous concept analysis (SCA) of these concepts is needed to clarify the terminology used in palliative care. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a SCA of spiritual distress, hopelessness, and depression in palliative care. A SCA was performed using the methodology of Haase's model. A literature search was conducted in March 2020 and updated in April 2022 and April 2024. The search was performed on the following online databases: CINAHL with Full-Text, MEDLINE with Full-Text, MedicLatina, LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed. The search was achieved without restrictions on the date of publication. A total of 84 articles were included in this study. The results highlight that the three concepts are different but also share some overlapping points. Spiritual distress is embedded in the rupture of their spiritual/religious belief systems, a lack of meaning in life, and existential issues. Hopelessness is a sense of giving up and an inability to control and fix the patient's situation. Finally, depression is a state of sadness with a multi-impaired situation. In conclusion, refining the three concepts in palliative care is essential since it promotes clarification and enhances knowledge development towards intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological state of people during the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted significant interest from researchers and the general public alike. The aim of this study is to examine the stress, burnout, hopelessness, and depression levels of university students toward the end of the pandemic. A survey model, as a quantitative research method, was applied in this study. The analysis revealed that 70% of the participating university students had moderate to high stress levels, and levels of stress among female students were found to be higher than those among male students. When the students' hopelessness levels were examined, it was seen that 81% of them felt hopelessness at medium or high levels. Hopelessness and burnout were seen to be associated with grade point average. A total of 61% of these students had moderate or high levels of depression symptoms, constituting an at-risk status. The results indicate that factors such as gender, year of study, and grade point average had varying effects on stress, burnout, hopelessness, and depression levels. Additionally, strong relationships were found among the four considered psychological variables, suggesting that they may influence one another and highlighting the need for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of vital importance to explore its impact on the psychological wellbeing of the students in higher education. Accordingly, this research investigated hopelessness among students at a state university in Turkey throughout the pandemic. The research was conducted in two separate studies, one cross-sectional and the other longitudinal. Study I examined students' hopelessness level in relation to gender, job or income loss, social media use, academic unit, and grade. Study II compared students' hopelessness level during the distance and hybrid education periods. The data were collected online through Personal Information Form and Beck Hopelessness Scale in both studies. The findings of Study I indicated significantly higher hopelessness scores in females, students who experienced job or income loss, and seniors at faculties. It was also found that the level of hopelessness increased as the duration of social media use rose. In addition, Study II revealed that students' hopelessness scores significantly decreased during the hybrid education in contrast to the distance education. Based on these findings, we suggest that during distance education in times of crisis, psychological counseling and career guidance interventions should be planned and coordinated according to the characteristics of risk groups, and e-learning models offering the highest social interaction should be preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hopelessness is a transdiagnostically relevant clinical construct, related to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Economic, valid, and reliable assessment of hopelessness is thus crucial for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed at validating a nine-item short version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in three large German samples of psychiatric inpatients, psychotherapy outpatients, and healthy controls. Methods: Data from N = 2321 participants (86.3 % female, mean age 31.8 years [SD=10.4]) were used to analyze reliability, factorial validity, concurrent and discriminant validity of the BHS-9. Results: Results showed good psychometric characteristics of the BHS-9 in inpatients, supporting its unidimensionality, construct validity, and reliability. However, factorial validity was insufficient in outpatients and controls. Limitations: In the outpatient and control samples, the majority of participants were women. All reported analyses were cross-sectional. Conclusions: The BHS-9 appears to be suitable for assessing hopelessness in psychiatric inpatients. However, the factorial validity of this short instrument in non-inpatient settings should be subject to future studies before its implementation in these person groups can be recommended.

Bu araştırmanın amacı Manevi İçerikli Gelişim Destek Programı’nın otizmli çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin umutsuzluk, dini başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerine etkisinin nicel ve nitel yöntemler aracılığıyla incelenmesidir. Çalışma karma model araştırma desenlerinden olan açıklayıcı sıralı desene göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bağımsız değişkeni Manevi İçerikli Gelişim Destek Programı iken bağımlı değişkenleri ise otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuk sahibi ebeveynlerin umutsuzluk, dinî başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleridir. Bağımlı değişkenlerden olan umutsuzluk düzeyi “Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği” dinî başa çıkma “Kısa Dinî Başa Çıkma Ölçeği” psikolojik iyi oluş “Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği” ile ölçülmüştür. Araştırmanın başlangıç aşamasında deney ve kontrol gruplarına ön test olarak umutsuzluk, dini başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçeklerin uygulanmasından sonra deney grubunda bulunan otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuk sahibi ebeveynlere haftada bir kez 100 dakikadan oluşan 10 oturumluk “Manevi İçerikli Gelişim Destek Programı” on hafta boyunca uygulanırken kontrol grubuna ise hiçbir işlem uygulanmamıştır. Program uygulandıktan sonra hem deney hem kontrol grubu katılımcılarına son test olarak umutsuzluk, dinî başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Ulaşılan verilerin analizinde SPSS 25 paket programı aracılığıyla parametrik olmayan Mann-Whitney U Testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre Manevi İçerikli Gelişim Destek Programı’na katılan deney grubu otizmli çocuk sahibi ebeveynlerin umutsuzluk ve olumsuz dinî başa çıkma düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir azalış, olumlu dinî başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinde ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir artış gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Manevi İçerikli Gelişim Destek Programı uygulanmayan kontrol grubundaki ebeveynlerin umutsuzluk, olumlu dinî başa çıkma, olumsuz dinî başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişme olmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Ayrıca kontrol grubuna göre deney grubundaki ebeveynlerin umutsuzluk ve olumsuz dinî başa çıkma düzeylerinde düşüş, olumlu dinî başa çıkma ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinde ise yükseliş olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Alison L Rose,1 Joel O Goldberg,1 Gordon L Flett,1 Taryn Nepon,1 Avi Besser2 1Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Department of Communication Disorders, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, IsraelCorrespondence: Alison L Rose, Email alirose@yorku.caIntroduction: The current article introduces the Loneliness Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (LATQ) and describes research evaluating its psychometric properties and correlates.Methods: Two separate samples of university student participants (Study 1; N = 282, Study 2; N = 289) were administered the LATQ along with a battery of other measures. Whereas Study 1 involved a preliminary investigation of the psychometric properties of the LATQ, Study 2 provided an opportunity to further expand on this aim by assessing the concurrent validity of the measure across studies.Results: Overall, psychometric analyses confirmed that the LATQ items are measured with an adequate degree of internal consistency and confirmatory factor analyses established that the nine items loaded significantly on one replicable factor. Concurrent validity was established in terms of links with other loneliness measures and a measure of persistent and intrusive negative thoughts. Furthermore, LATQ scores were associated with anti-mattering, social hopelessness, anxiety, depression, and unbearable psychache. Moreover, regression analyses established that the LATQ predicted significant unique variance in depression and psychache beyond the variance attributable to measures of loneliness and adaptability to loneliness.Discussion: Collectively, results indicate that loneliness-related automatic thoughts represent a unique and important element of the loneliness construct. Future research applications and additional psychometric issues to address in future research are discussed and a need for a greater focus on the cognitive aspects of loneliness is explored.Keywords: loneliness, automatic thoughts, hopelessness, mattering, anxiety, depression, psychache

Abstract Background Even though current therapeutic approaches have significantly increased the longevity and standard of living for children suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), the crucial psychological components of this illness have not received the same level of attention as other chronic illnesses. The aim of the research was to assess depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in cystic fibrosis-affected children and their relation to the duration of illness. In this study, we compared 40 healthy control children between the ages of 7 and 12 with 40 cystic fibrosis children who were matched for age and sex. All patients had detailed clinical and psychometric evaluations using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Anxiety Scale for Children (ASC), and the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC). Results The CDI, ASC, and HSC revealed a significant difference between both groups. Positive correlations between depression, anxiety, and hopelessness and disease duration were found. Conclusions Patients with CF experienced significantly increased depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, and there is an association between these symptoms and the duration of the illness. We advise making psychiatric screening a standard part of evaluating and monitoring CF patients.

This study aims to examine the effect of spiritual development support programs on hopelessness, religious coping and psychological well-being levels of parents with autism spectrum disorder using quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was designed according to the sequential descriptive design, one of the mixed research designs. The independent variable of the research is the Spiritually Oriented Development Support Program, while the dependent variables are the levels of hopelessness, religious coping and psychological well-being of parents with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. These dependent variables were respectively measured using the "Beck Hopelessness Scale" the "Brief Religious Coping Scale", and the "Psychological Well-Being Scale". At the beginning of the study, pre-tests of hopelessness, religious coping, and psychological well-being scales were administered to the experiment and control groups. After the scale administration, the parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in the experiment group were provided with the "Spiritually Oriented Development Support Program", which consists of 10 sessions lasting 100 minutes each, once a week for ten weeks, while no intervention was applied to the control group. After implementing the program, post-tests of hopelessness, religious coping, and psychological well-being scales were administered to the experiment and control groups. The data were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test through SPSS 25 software. According to the study's findings, it was determined that parents in the experiment group who participated in the Spiritually Oriented Development Support Program experienced a statistically significant decrease in hopelessness and negative religious coping, as well as a statistically significant increase in positive religious coping and psychological well-being. There was no significant change in hopelessness, positive religious coping, negative religious coping, and psychological well-being levels of parents in the control group which was not provided in the program. Moreover, compared to the control group, it was found that parents in the experiment group experienced a decrease in hopelessness and negative religious coping levels, and an increase in positive religious coping and psychological well-being levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The prevalence of suicidal behavior in university students ranges from 14.1% to 27.9%, with suicide being the fourth leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 29. Hopelessness, decreased self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation are among the main risk factors. Objective. To determine the effect of hopelessness, depression, anxiety, stress, drug use, and self-efficacy on suicide attempts in Mexican psychology students. Method. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was undertaken with a sample of 3,438 students from sixty-two universities accredited by the National Council for Teaching and Research in Psychology (CNEIP) from six regions in Mexico. Results. A total of 19.9% reported attempted suicide (85.1% women and 14.9% men); 36.4% drug use; 40.2% moderate to extreme stress; 50.1% anxiety, and 40.7% depression; 74.1% medium to high emotional dysregulation; 30.2% moderate to high hopelessness, and 32.9% low self-efficacy. Drug use (OR 1.897), sex (OR 1.756), anxiety (OR 1.218), hopelessness (OR 1.209), depression (OR 1.756), and stress (OR 1.050) respectively account for 17.2% of the variability of suicide attempts. Discussion and conclusion. Confirmation of the effect of the variables analyzed on the suicide attempts of psychology students underlines the importance of incorporating actions that will contribute to controlling the incidence of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intervention process for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is inextricably associated with their parents' mental health problems, such as hopelessness, which may adversely affect resilience and indirectly impact the effectiveness of interventions for their children. Hence, the motivation to help parents of children with ASD reduce hopelessness prompted us to conduct the present study and explore the interrelationship between hopelessness symptoms and resilience. This study evaluated hopelessness and resilience using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Participants met the criteria for their children's ASD diagnosis by a psychiatrist (N = 448; 54.69% mothers; Meanage = 34.59 years, SDage = 4.94 years). Moreover, we used symptom network analysis to examine the variability in network structure between fathers and mothers. The flow function was applied to examine which hopelessness symptoms were directly or indirectly associated with resilience. The results showed that #BHS11 (i.e., unpleasantness‐ahead) was the central symptom found in the network structure for all parents and fathers, while #BHS17 (i.e., no‐future‐satisfaction) was the central symptom in the network structure for mothers. Additionally, #BHS6 ([NOT] expect‐to‐succeed) was directly and positively associated with resilience in all three network structures (i.e., all parents, fathers, and mothers). The results of the present study provide evidence that influential symptoms should be addressed and offer guidance for further interventions to reduce hopelessness and enhance resilience among parents of children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Much of the literature related to mental health focuses on identifying risk factors and predictors of poor mental health. Less of the research has a health-promoting orientation, focusing on potential sources of resilience and strength.Aims: The current study contributes to the growing field of positive psychology by investigating the potential protective role of sense of coherence (SOC) in the association between COVID-19-related worries and adverse mental health outcomes.Methods: Participants were South African undergraduate students (n = 337) who completed the SOC scale, COVID-19-related worries scale, Beck hopelessness scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies depression scale, and the trait scale of the state-trait anxiety inventory. We used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine the mediating role of SOC in the relationship between COVID-19-related worries and indices of mental health. The study was undertaking in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 disease outbreak in 2020.Results: T-test analyses found that women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than men, and correlational analyses found a significant negative association between age and anxiety. After controlling for the confounding effects of age and gender, mediation analysis demonstrated that SOC had a direct and mediating effect on hopelessness, depression, and anxiety, suggesting that it is a potential protective resource. SOC is thus the pathway through which COVID-19-related worries impact mental health.Conclusion: Enhancing this resilience resource among vulnerable population groups can promote effective coping in the context of societal crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: depression is a proximal factor associated with suicide risk. However, depression alone does not imply a risk of suicidal behavior. Various studies have demonstrated the significant role of hopelessness in contributing to suicidal behavior. Nonetheless, the probability of engaging in suicidal behavior can also be diminished in the presence of other factors known as protective, as purpose of life. Aim: to analyze the interactions among depression, hopelessness, and purpose in life, and their impact on suicidal risk in a young population. The hypotheses were: 1) suicide risk is directly correlated with depression and hopelessness and inversely correlated with purpose in life, and 2) purpose in life mediates the effect of hopelessness and depression in explaining suicide risk. Method: a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted. Through nonprobabilistic convenience sampling, 340 university students were recruited from two main cities in Colombia. The Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Purpose in Life Test were used. Results: a high prevalence of suicidal risk was identified. The group at risk of suicide exhibited higher scores in depression and hopelessness and lower scores in life purpose compared to the non-risk group. Moderate and strong correlations were observed among the variables. Path diagrams constructed using structural equation modeling revealed that purpose in life reduces the effect of hopelessness and depression on suicidal risk. Discussion: The importance of purpose in life as a resilience factor against suicidal risk is emphasized. Purpose in life plays a pivotal role in reducing suicidal risk as it cultivates a positive orientation towards the future, amplifies motivation for action, reshapes the perception of challenges, counteracts learned helplessness, and bolsters resilience. These findings corroborate contemporary theories concerning the interplay among purpose in life, hopelessness, depression, and suicidal risk. A purpose-centered intervention program can reduce suicide risk among university students. It helps students reflect on their values, goals, and aspirations, and teaches them skills to cope with stress and overcome challenges, thereby increasing their capacity for adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThere are several risk factors associated with developing mental disorders among people over 60 years of age. Mental health encompasses multiple domains or capacities, which can comprise the psychological wellbeing of older people. Therefore, resilient coping, self-compassion, self-esteem, hopelessness, quality of life, and depression are considered the characteristics and adaptive mechanisms that bring together the main risk and protective factors for imbalance in mental wellbeing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish the demographic, social, and family factors, as well as the clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits that influence the mental health of the elderly people in the city of Medellín, in the year 2021, to build a mental health index.MethodologyThis study adopts a quantitative approach, employs retrospective temporality, and utilizes secondary sources. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with the SABAM Project (health and mental wellbeing of older adults from five cities in Colombia in 2021 by its Spanish acronym) database (secondary source), which is part of the research group “Public Health Observatory” of CES University (Medellín, Colombia). The database comprised 500 records of people aged over 60 years from the city of Medellín in 2021. While constructing the index, a principal component analysis was used, along with the Varimax method for factor analysis rotation.ResultsThe median age of the general population was 67 years (IQR 63–72); for men, the median age was 66 years (IQR 63–71) and for women, the median age was 67 years (IQR 63–72). An association was found between low socioeconomic levels, alcohol consumption, and the level of higher education (university—postgraduate) with low levels of the Mental Health Index in people over 60 years of age in Medellín during the year 2021.ConclusionA quantitative model was developed to predict either a positive or negative prognosis in the mental wellbeing of the population over 60 years of age in the city of Medellín. The model was also used for the development of a sociodemographic profile highlighting the impact on mental health among people over 60 years of age with limited economic resources.

Anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness are two traits that have been previously linked to increased gaming problems. Research in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic showed that emotionally vulnerable individuals were turning to video games as a means of coping with their distress. However, more research is needed on the long-term and enduring pathways from internalizing traits to time spent gaming during COVID-19, after the lockdowns and preventative measures had been lifted. As such, the current study employs a multi-wave longitudinal study that predicted that those participants who experience high levels of anxiety sensitivity or hopelessness would use gaming as a means to cope with their emotional discomfort, resulting in increased gaming behaviours. A sample of 1,001 American gamers (Mage = 38.43, SD = 12.11, 53.2% female) completed three surveys through Mechanical Turk, with the first occurring in July 2021, and subsequent surveys spaced three months apart. This study measured participants’ baseline anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness using the Substance Use Risk Profile. At each time point, participants were asked to recall their average time spent gaming over the past month using a Timeline Follow-Back method, and answer questions related to their coping motivations for gaming using the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire. Coping motives consistently predicted time spent gaming at the next timepoint. Furthermore, we found evidence that high levels of anxiety sensitivity at baseline predicted greater future time spent gaming at Time 3, through greater coping motives at Time 2. Hopelessness was correlated with coping motives and time spent gaming at baseline, but did not relate to these variables across time. Anxious individuals who were gaming to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at higher risk for excessive gaming. This may be particularly true for individuals who are higher in anxiety sensitivity. Future research should aim to understand how the relationships between anxiety sensitivity, coping motivations, and time spend gaming exist in the context of symptoms of gaming disorder and functional impairments that exist due to excessive gaming.

IntroductionWhile sexual assault may have particularly adverse emotional effects compared with other forms of trauma, it remains unclear which emotional outcome dimensions are impacted, whether cannabis outcomes are similarly impacted, and whether gender differences exist in sexual assault’s links with these outcomes.MethodsN = 100 cannabis users with trauma histories (M age = 33.1) completed standardized measures of demographics, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and cannabis outcomes (frequency, medicinal prescription, motives, and craving).ResultsSexual assault was experienced more often by women (83.9%) than men (31.8%). A series of 2 × 2 analyses of variance [gender: women (n = 56) vs. men (n = 44) × trauma type: sexual assault (n = 61) vs. other (n = 39)] and logistic regression revealed that sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors on re-experiencing and hyperarousal PTS symptoms (DSM-5 Clusters B and E), cognitive depressive symptoms, hopelessness, cannabis use frequency, medicinal cannabis prescription, cannabis use to cope with psychological symptoms, and compulsivity craving; and lower on social and enhancement cannabis use motives. In terms of gender main effects, women scored higher than men on cannabis use to cope with negative emotions. In terms of interactions for PTS Cluster D symptoms (negative alterations in mood/cognitions), among men only, sexual assault survivors scored higher than other trauma survivors; and for cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness cannabis craving, among sexual assault survivors only, women scored higher than men.DiscussionAcross many different trauma, women survivors’ use of cannabis to cope with negative affect should be a specific therapeutic focus. Moreover, we identified specific emotional and cannabis use outcomes that should be of specific clinical concern among sexual assault survivors regardless of gender. Finally, in terms of gender differences of clinical interest among sexual assault survivors, while PTS Cluster D symptoms should be specific treatment targets in men, cannabis enhancement motives and purposefulness craving should be treatment targets in women.

Introduction: depression is a proximal factor associated with suicide risk. However, depression alone does not imply a risk of suicidal behavior. Various studies have demonstrated the significant role of hopelessness in contributing to suicidal behavior. Nonetheless, the probability of engaging in suicidal behavior can also be diminished in the presence of other factors known as protective, as purpose of life. Aim: to analyze the interactions among depression, hopelessness, and purpose in life, and their impact on suicidal risk in a young population. The hypotheses were: 1) suicide risk is directly correlated with depression and hopelessness and inversely correlated with purpose in life, and 2) purpose in life mediates the effect of hopelessness and depression in explaining suicide risk. Method: a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted. Through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, 340 university students were recruited from two main cities in Colombia. The Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Purpose in Life Test were used. Results: a high prevalence of suicidal risk was identified. The group at risk of suicide exhibited higher scores in depression and hopelessness and lower scores in life purpose compared to the non-risk group. Moderate and strong correlations were observed among the variables. Path diagrams constructed using structural equation modeling revealed that purpose in life reduces the effect of hopelessness and depression on suicidal risk. Discussion: The importance of purpose in life as a resilience factor against suicidal risk is emphasized. Purpose in life plays a pivotal role in reducing suicidal risk as it cultivates a positive orientation towards the future, amplifies motivation for action, reshapes the perception of challenges, counteracts learned helplessness, and bolsters resilience. These findings corroborate contemporary theories concerning the interplay among purpose in life, hopelessness, depression, and suicidal risk. A purpose-centered intervention program can reduce suicide risk among university students. It helps students reflect on their values, goals, and aspirations, and teaches them skills to cope with stress and overcome challenges, thereby increasing their capacity for adaptation.

Aim: This study was done for the efficacy assessment of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and various relaxation techniques in patients with suicidal tendencies. Methodology: The study was conducted among 150 patients of attempted suicide for a period of 2 years (January 2017 to January 2019). The participants were randomly allocated into three groups, with 50 patients each receiving CBT, JPMR, and combined treatment (groups I, II, and III, respectively). The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) score were used for pre- and postassessment of depression in the patients. Student's t- and Chi-square tests were used for analyzing the data recorded. Results: We observed that in group II, the index scores did not change after a period of 2 years with a P > 0.05. However, in groups I and II, the scores significantly decreased with P < 0.001. Conclusion: A combination of relaxation techniques and CBT will help improve the depression related to suicidal tendencies.

Dannuo Lyu,1 Xiaosong Gai,1,2 Yanfeng Zhong3 1School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Center of Mental Health Education in Northeast Normal University, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in Universities in Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Changchun Sixth Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaosong Gai, Northeast Normal University, Nanling Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130024, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 186 4307 2597, Email gaixs669@nenu.edu.cnPurpose: Although previous studies have confirmed that purpose in life may negatively predict depressive symptoms, focusing on the intensity of purpose without focusing on content may ignore significant individual differences. This study explores differences in purpose orientations between depressive patients and healthy population to examine the relationship between the purpose content and self-esteem, one of the symptoms of depression. In addition, the moderating role of purpose orientations in the relationship between depression and self-esteem was analyzed to verify the protective effect of purpose orientation on self-esteem.Patients and Methods: The study utilized the questionnaire approach. The Purpose Orientation Scale (Self and Forced Rating) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to the participants. The study recruited 73 depressive patients using convenience sampling. Moreover, using random sampling, 146 participants matched based on depressive patients’ demographics were selected as a healthy population in a 1:2 ratio.Results: The results showed that: 1) depressive patients valued all four types of purpose orientations to a lesser extent compared to healthy population, both depressive patients and healthy population valued family well-being and personal growth to a greater extent than personal well-being and social promotion. 2) Depressive patients reported lower self-esteem than healthy people. 3) All four types of Purpose orientations positively correlated with self-esteem in depressive patients, while only personal well-being positively correlated with self-esteem in healthy population. Family well-being and social promotion moderated the predictive effect of depression on self-esteem.Conclusion: The above results imply that prosocial purpose orientations may attenuate the harmful effects of depression on self-esteem. Additionally, intervention focusing on enhancing depressive patients’ purpose in life (especially prosocial purpose) could be helpful.Keywords: purpose in life, meaning in life, self-esteem, hopelessness, prosocial

Background/purpose: Hopelessness can compromise caregivers’ mental health and impede their ability to take care of their child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study aimed to explore the associations of hopelessness with caregiver depression and anxiety in caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Additionally, the study examined the associations of child demographics, ADHD and oppositional defiance symptoms, and caregiver demographics, parenting stress, and affiliate stigma with hopelessness. Methods: The study included 213 caregivers of children with ADHD who completed various assessments. Caregiver hopelessness was assessed using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, while child ADHD and oppositional defiance symptoms were assessed using the Parent Form of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale, Version IV. Parenting stress was measured using the Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition Short Form (PSI-4-SF), and affiliate stigma using the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate the multidimensional factors associated with caregiver hopelessness. Results: Caregiver hopelessness was significantly linked to caregiver depression and anxiety. Child inattention, caregiver parenting stress, and affiliate stigma were significantly associated with caregiver hopelessness. A higher level of affiliate stigma increased the association between child inattention and caregiver hopelessness. Conclusion: These findings suggest that it is necessary to develop intervention programs for alleviating the sense of hopelessness among caregivers of children with ADHD. Such programs should focus on addressing child inattention, caregiver parenting stress, and affiliate stigma.

Abstract Previous researches have confirmed that perceived social support has a profound effect on individuals’ mental health. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of perceived social support on mental health of college athletes are still largely unknown, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived social support and mental health in college football athletes, and to evaluate whether hopelessness and psychological pressure affected this relationship. A sample of 672 Chinese college football athletes (37.9% girls; M age = 20.43 years; SD age = 1.68) were investigated with the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Surveys were voluntary and anonymous. The findings revealed that, after adjusting for demographic factors, hopelessness mediated the relationship between Chinese college football athletes’ perceived social support and their mental health. Furthermore, psychological pressure moderated the negative association between perceived social support and hopelessness, and the association was stronger for them with high-level psychological pressure. These results underline the need for focused strategies in the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among Chinese college football athletes.

Abstract Background With the increasing survival rate of pediatric patients with leukemia, improving their quality of life (QoL) is the new challenge. Psychiatric disorders are among the significant confounding factors of the aforementioned patients’ QoL. Ninety-seven pediatric patients with leukemia were evaluated based on the Beck Hopelessness and SI scale while considering associated factors. We assessed the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and hopelessness, as two of the most prevalent psychiatric symptoms of pediatrics with malignancy while assessing some of the associated factors to provide a plenary insight. Results Prevalence of SI and hopelessness were 7.2% and 87.6% respectively. Gender, education, the abode of living, time from onset of disease, and parents’ education level and income states of many were significantly related to the prevalence of the two studied psychiatric disorders. Multiple logistic regression determined a significant confounding role of abode of living, parent’s education, onset, and type of leukemia in hopelessness. As for SI, the result of the latter test determined more confounding factors such as age and patients’ education. Conclusion Both SI and hopelessness are noticeable disorders among children with leukemia with multiple manageable associated factors; hence, it is advisable to recommend psychiatric assessment of leukemic children.

Abstract Background Armed conflicts impact on the health and well-being of everyone, but its effect on adolescent mental health is a significant, yet under-explored area in global health. Mental health disorders which develop during adolescence often lead to behavioural problems, risky decision-making, under-age substance use and can adversely impact on educational attainment. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders, substance use and their correlates with social support and resilience among adolescents (age 12–19 years) in Vavuniya; a post-conflict region of Sri Lanka. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted, with a modified cluster sampling method used for participant selection. Eight culturally adapted instruments were used for data collection. A total of 585 adolescents participated in the study. Analyses were performed using SPSS Version 23 statistical software package. All statistical tests were two-sided (p

Abstract Background Close relationships have been observed among impulsivity, depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in depressed patients. However, the precise mechanism that connects these psychological symptoms remains unclear. This study aims to explore the mediation effect of depression and hopelessness on the relationship between impulsivity and suicidal ideation in depressed patients. Methods A total of 258 depressed patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Scale for Suicide Ideation, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. A path analysis was afterwards performed to determine the specified relationships in the proposed model. Results The relationship between impulsivity and suicidal ideation was found to be serially mediated by depression and hopelessness. The mediating effect of depression and hopelessness accounted for 26.59% of the total effect. Specifically, in the pathway from impulsivity to hopelessness, the mediating effect of depression accounted for 40.26%. Moreover, the relationship between impulsivity and suicidal ideation was mediated by hopelessness, with the mediating effect accounting for 12.41%. It is important to note that these relationships were observed to be independent of age and marital status. Furthermore, the proposed model demonstrated a good fit with the data. Conclusions This study identified a serial mediation pathway between impulsivity and suicidal ideation, mediated by depression and hopelessness. Our findings indicate that impulsivity indirectly influences suicidal ideation through its association with depression, which subsequently contributes to feelings of hopelessness. These results emphasize the importance of addressing symptoms of depression and hopelessness in the prevention and intervention efforts targeting individuals with depression. Additionally, monitoring and addressing impulsivity levels may also be crucial in reducing the risk of suicidal ideation among this population. These findings provide valuable insights for future preventive programs and interventions aimed at mitigating suicidal ideation in individuals with depression.

Background Lower perceived social support is associated with hopelessness in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Higher perceived social support is associated with higher heart rate variability (HRV) in adults following a stressful event, but the relationship between HRV and hopelessness has not been examined in patients with IHD. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationships among HRV, perceived social support, and hopelessness in patients with IHD. Methods and Results Ninety‐four participants were enrolled while hospitalized for an IHD event at a large hospital in the United States. Data collection occurred 2 weeks after hospital discharge and included the State–Trait Hopelessness Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, a demographic form, and a short‐term HRV measurement taken at rest. Linear models were used to assess associations between variables in unadjusted and adjusted models. Most participants were men (67%), married (75%), and non‐Hispanic White (96%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (57%). There were inverse correlations between high frequency HRV and state hopelessness (r=−0.21, P=0.008) and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats HRV and state hopelessness (r=−0.20, P=0.012) after adjusting for important covariates. High frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats did not show evidence of mediating the relationship between perceived social support and hopelessness. Conclusions There were significant inverse correlations between parasympathetic measures of HRV and hopelessness. Assessing high frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats during early recovery following an IHD event could provide promising evidence for understanding a possible precursor to hopelessness and targets for future interventions. Registration Information: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT03907891, NCT05003791.

Recent research has drawn attention to the prevalence of self-reported autism within online communities of involuntary celibates (incels). These studies suggest that some individuals with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of incel forums and the hopelessness they generate. However, a more precise description of the experiential connection between inceldom, self-reported autism, and hopelessness has remained unarticulated. Therefore, this article combines empirical studies on the incel community with phenomenological and embodiment approaches to autism, hopelessness, and online affectivity. We analyze three interrelated aspects of online interactions in incel communities – worldview, bodily self-relation, and mutual dismissals – and examine how these elements contribute to the consolidation of the loss of significant life possibilities. By investigating the potential negative influence of specific online environments on affective dispositions, our approach contributes to the debate on current challenges to “situate” phenomenological psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Going through a liver transplantation is by many recipients considered mentally and emotionally burdensome. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore individuals' mental, emotional and existential experiences living with a liver transplant during a period of approximately ten years. Methodological design: The methodology in this study is based on Gadamer's hermeneutics. Galvin and Todres' conceptual framework on well-being was applied in the interpretation process. Research methods: Both researchers conducted interviews, which took the form of conversations. We made use of Brinkmann and Kvales' three types of interpretation. Ethical issues and approval: The study was approved by the Ombudsman for Privacy of the Norwegian Social Data Services and is based on informed consent and confidentiality. Results: Three themes emerged through interpretation: 1. From great suffering to gratitude and a humble attitude towards life. 2. From living in uncertainty to leading a normal life. 3. From hopelessness and anxiety to an indifferent attitude towards life. Conclusion: This study showed that the process of receiving a new liver and living with it, had changed most of the participants' attitudes towards life in a humble way. Some persons struggled with life and experienced depression anxiety, as well as lack of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]