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Ocular strabismus, a common condition in the present generation is an absolute risk factor for amblyopia and blinding premorbid visual loss. Despite the availability of new optometry tools with eye-tracking data, the issues persist in attaining accuracy and reliability in diagnosing strabismus. These two concerns are specifically accommodated in this study by the proposed novel approach that involves CNNs with eye-tracking datasets from subjects. The presented work aims to improve the accuracy of diagnostics in ophthalmology utilizing the integration of the further proposed algorithms into an automatic strabismus detection system. For this purpose, the proposed FedCNN model combines the CNN with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and uses the Gaze deviation (GaDe) images to capture dynamic eye movements. This method tries to make the feature extraction as accurate as possible in its best working state to enhance the diagnosis precision. The model proves to be accurate, reaching 95.2%, which is even more prominent because of the more or less detailed connection layer of the CNN, which is used for the selection of features designated for such tasks of strabismus recognition. The presented method has the potential of shifting the approach to diagnosing diseases of the eyes in more or less half of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ocular strabismus, a common condition in the present generation is an absolute risk factor for amblyopia and blinding premorbid visual loss. Despite the availability of new optometry tools with eye-tracking data, the issues persist in attaining accuracy and reliability in diagnosing strabismus. These two concerns are specifically accommodated in this study by the proposed novel approach that involves CNNs with eye-tracking datasets from subjects. The presented work aims to improve the accuracy of diagnostics in ophthalmology utilizing the integration of the further proposed algorithms into an automatic strabismus detection system. For this purpose, the proposed FedCNN model combines the CNN with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and uses the Gaze deviation (GaDe) images to capture dynamic eye movements. This method tries to make the feature extraction as accurate as possible in its best working state to enhance the diagnosis precision. The model proves to be accurate, reaching 95.2%, which is even more prominent because of the more or less detailed connection layer of the CNN, which is used for the selection of features designated for such tasks of strabismus recognition. The presented method has the potential of shifting the approach to diagnosing diseases of the eyes in more or less half of the patients.

Abstract Background While foreign migrants contribute to economic development, they may impact public health by transmitting communicable diseases to the local population. With its geopolitical position, Thailand has been a primary destination for migrants from neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia and beyond. This positioning makes it a focal point for examining the complexities of migration dynamics and its implications for public health. Through a quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the influence of foreign migrants on physical health issues in Thailand, exploring their impact on various types of communicable diseases. The utilization of provincial-level data from Thailand offers insights into the localized effects of migrant populations on public health within the country. These insights can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers who conduct comparative analyses, facilitating a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between international migration and public health worldwide. Methods A spatial panel autoregressive model (SAR) is applied on the provincial level communicable diseases and socio-economic data in Thailand from the period 2016 to 2021. Results The results indicate that the influence of foreign migrants on communicable diseases in Thailand varies depending on the type of disease. While an increase in migrants correlates with a higher prevalence of respiratory and other communicable diseases, it conversely reduces the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Additionally, we found that migrants do not significantly impact the prevalence of food- and water-borne diseases, insect-borne diseases, animal-borne diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand. Additionally, other factors, such as GPP per capita, unemployment, poverty, and technology access, strongly correlate with most types of communicable diseases. Conclusion As revealed by this study, the increase in migrants leads to a rise in respiratory and other communicable diseases, as well as a decrease in vaccine-preventable diseases, which carries significant policy implications. These results urge policymakers, the Ministry of Labour, and the Ministry of Public Health to implement tailored policies and measures to enhance public health and effectively mitigate the risk of communicable diseases transmitted by migrants in the future.

Ziyang Sang, Hui-Fang Chen, Jerf WK Yeung, Leilei Xu Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionCorrespondence: Hui-Fang Chen, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Tel +852 3442297, Fax +852 34420283, Email hfchen@cityu.edu.hkPurpose: This study investigated the mechanism underlying the association between intolerance of uncertainty and mobile phone addiction among Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the mediating roles of perceived stress and rumination.Patients and Methods: An online questionnaire survey was distributed via social media platforms popular in mainland China. The items collected demographic information and assessed intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, rumination, and mobile phone addiction. A total of 249 respondents completed the questionnaire.Results: The findings suggest a considerably high risk of mobile phone addiction in the study period among overseas Chinese students, as three-fourths of the participants may have been susceptible to mobile phone addiction according to the suggested cut-off point of the Chinese version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Form. Intolerance of uncertainty showed a significant positive direct effect on mobile phone addiction. The mediation analyses suggest that intolerance of uncertainty affected mobile phone addiction mainly through three pathways: the mediating effect of perceived stress, the mediating effect of rumination, and the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and rumination.Conclusion: This study enhances understanding of mobile phone addiction among Chinese overseas students and suggests the mediating roles of rumination and perceived stress in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mobile phone addiction. The study also provides suggestions for interventions among Chinese students overseas.Keywords: vulnerability, mental health, health issues, internet

Background: While foreign migrants contribute to economic development, they may impact public health by transmitting communicable diseases to the local population. With its geopolitical position, Thailand has been a primary destination for migrants from neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia and beyond. This positioning makes it a focal point for examining the complexities of migration dynamics and its implications for public health. Through a quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the influence of foreign migrants on physical health issues in Thailand, exploring their impact on various types of communicable diseases. The utilization of provincial-level data from Thailand offers insights into the localized effects of migrant populations on public health within the country. These insights can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers who conduct comparative analyses, facilitating a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between international migration and public health worldwide. Methods: A spatial panel autoregressive model (SAR) is applied on the provincial level communicable diseases and socio-economic data in Thailand from the period 2016 to 2021. Results: The results indicate that the influence of foreign migrants on communicable diseases in Thailand varies depending on the type of disease. While an increase in migrants correlates with a higher prevalence of respiratory and other communicable diseases, it conversely reduces the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Additionally, we found that migrants do not significantly impact the prevalence of food- and water-borne diseases, insect-borne diseases, animal-borne diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand. Additionally, other factors, such as GPP per capita, unemployment, poverty, and technology access, strongly correlate with most types of communicable diseases. Conclusion: As revealed by this study, the increase in migrants leads to a rise in respiratory and other communicable diseases, as well as a decrease in vaccine-preventable diseases, which carries significant policy implications. These results urge policymakers, the Ministry of Labour, and the Ministry of Public Health to implement tailored policies and measures to enhance public health and effectively mitigate the risk of communicable diseases transmitted by migrants in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prioritization of the One Health approach remains lacking in countries like Nepal, where the urgency to tackle this issue has yet to be acknowledged. It is imperative to incentivize rural farmers to enhance the well-being of their crops and livestock for the sake of fostering truly sustainable agriculture. This approach not only aligns with economic sensibility but also paves the way for a more enduring and resilient economy in the long run. By disseminating knowledge about One Health and executing the One Health National Strategy, Nepal stands to enhance its overall health landscape and set a precedent for other South Asian nations. Beyond immediate financial gains, stakeholders including farmers, policymakers, and consumers must adopt a forward-thinking perspective, integrating the One Health approach into their practices to facilitate a sustainable developmental trajectory. Research methods encompassed a thorough examination of One Health publications and the collection of data via a structured questionnaire administered during field visits, supplemented by telephone interviews with participants. The lessons gleaned from the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the significance of addressing health crises stemming from zoonotic diseases--those originating in animals and transferring to humans. Prioritizing the reinforcement of preparedness and response capabilities in rural settings, devising contingency plans, diversifying agricultural produce, investing in eco-friendly farming techniques, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are pivotal for empowering communities to better withstand future adversities and uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has highlighted the link between childhood obesity, dental caries, and malocclusion, and how the Coronavirus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social media have worsened these health issues. Increased screentime and decreased physical activity during the pandemic have significantly contributed to these conditions among children. Studies emphasise the need to address common risk factors such as unhealthy diets, limited healthcare access, and poor public health policies to reduce their negative effects. This review explores the complex relationship between childhood obesity, dental caries, and malocclusion, with a focus on their global importance. It examines the connections and shared risk factors between these conditions, particularly in the context of the pandemic and the growing influence of social media on children. The goal is to provide insights for developing effective interventions and management strategies to improve children's health worldwide. The present review stresses the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that target both individual and collective risk factors, while also considering broader socio-economic and digital influences on children's health behaviours. Promoting healthy lifestyles, access to nutritious foods, physical activity, and better dental care can help to alleviate these conditions. Understanding the interplay between these health issues and the digital environment is crucial to creating effective and adaptable public health interventions.

Contamination of groundwater due to arsenic (As) and problems faced by drinking the contaminated water have been identified worldwide. The integration of biogeochemical processes has led to the dissolution of naturally occurring As into the groundwater. The goal of this investigation is mainly to determine the presence of As in drinking water and consequences faced by human beings by drinking such contaminated water. Scope of this issue has not yet undergone a full epidemiological examination in any Indian region. However, in India, little is known about the disease caused by arsenicosis. Therefore, the present study discusses various natural and anthropogenic sources of As in groundwater involving its speciation and mobilization pattern in groundwater. Appropriate review on the issues of As contamination in groundwater has been conducted in various regions across the globe followed by the epidemiology and toxicity mechanisms of As in human beings. Various remediation techniques have been adopted for mitigating the major impact of As contamination depending upon the conventional, modern, and hybrid technologies for removing the As from several regions of India. HIGHLIGHTS A detailed discussion has been done on global groundwater contamination through various sources with ranges, the mechanism of arsenic contamination within the groundwater system, the sources, speciation, and mobility of arsenic.; A detailed discussion has been done on health risks caused by the consuming water contaminated with arsenic.; Effective techniques for the removal are studied.;

Metals are integral components of the natural environment, and their presence in the food supply is inevitable and complex. While essential metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper are crucial for various physiological functions and must be consumed through the diet, others, like lead, mercury, and cadmium, are toxic even at low concentrations and pose serious health risks. This study comprehensively analyzes the presence, importance, and consequences of metals in the food chain. We explore the pathways through which metals enter the food supply, their distribution across different food types, and the associated health implications. By examining current regulatory standards for maximum allowable levels of various metals, we highlight the importance of ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Furthermore, this research underscores the need for continuous monitoring and management of metal content in food, especially as global agricultural and food production practices evolve. Our findings aim to inform dietary recommendations, food fortification strategies, and regulatory policies, ultimately contributing to safer and more nutritionally balanced diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has highlighted the link between childhood obesity, dental caries, and malocclusion, and how the Coronavirus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social media have worsened these health issues. Increased screentime and decreased physical activity during the pandemic have significantly contributed to these conditions among children. Studies emphasise the need to address common risk factors such as unhealthy diets, limited healthcare access, and poor public health policies to reduce their negative effects. This review explores the complex relationship between childhood obesity, dental caries, and malocclusion, with a focus on their global importance. It examines the connections and shared risk factors between these conditions, particularly in the context of the pandemic and the growing influence of social media on children. The goal is to provide insights for developing effective interventions and management strategies to improve children's health worldwide. The present review stresses the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that target both individual and collective risk factors, while also considering broader socioeconomic and digital influences on children's health behaviours. Promoting healthy lifestyles, access to nutritious foods, physical activity, and better dental care can help to alleviate these conditions. Understanding the interplay between these health issues and the digital environment is crucial to creating effective and adaptable public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-fat frying is a widely discussed topic globally in the field of food processing due to the growing consumer demand. These foods are known for their appealing outer appearance, crispy texture, and rich taste. The increased consumption of deep-fat fried foods has raised concerns regarding potential health issues, as they are often high in calories and may contain unfavorable compounds formed during the process of deep frying. This review aims to provide an overview of previous studies examining the physical, chemical, and nutritional changes that occur in fried foods, the mechanisms of fat uptake during frying, and the health implications associated with the consumption of these foods. This increasing rate in consumption has been linked to various adverse health conditions. There has been a significant research focus on reducing the fat content in deep fried foods, particularly investigating the process of fat uptake during deep-fat frying. It is crucial to increase consumer awareness regarding the potential problems arising from excessive intake of deep-fat fried foods. Furthermore, further studies are needed to meet the rising demand for deep-fat fried foods while minimizing the impact on health and preserving their desirable taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a study on the impact of mobile phone usage among medical undergraduates. The study found that excessive use of mobile phones negatively affected the students' health and academic performance. Common health issues reported were headaches and dry eyes. The study suggests that mobile phone addiction among medical undergraduates should be addressed through counseling to prevent further addiction and mitigate the adverse effects. The study also highlights the need for awareness and moderation in mobile phone usage among undergraduates. However, the study was limited to one medical college and self-reported health issues. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pesticides are toxic and dangerous materials requiring good handling. Pesticide exposure highly affects farmers' health, especially spray pesticides, which arise from pesticide residues in food, air, and the environment. This research aims to determine the relationship between behavioral factors in using Personal Protective Equipment and individual hygiene and sanitation of farmers who experience health problems. This study also looks at the predictive value of farmers' behavioral factors regarding health problems. METHODS: The design of this study is cross-sectional with quantitative research type. This study gathered 91 respondents in Jonggol Village, which has the largest agricultural land in Bogor Regency and with farmers who actively use pesticides. Accordingly, this location has a population at risk of pesticide exposure. This study used questionnaires to obtain information about farmer behavior and health problems. It also used the statistical package for the social sciences application to analyze data based on the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. FINDINGS: The bivariate analysis results show a significant relationship between the habit of using personal protective equipment (masks) and farmers' health problems, with a test value of 0.019 and an odds ratio of 4.24. The habit of not using hand protection (gloves) is also significantly related to not showering after farming, with a test value of 0.045 and an odds ratio of 3.61. Meanwhile, the variable habit of using hand protection (gloves) has the highest influence, with a test value of 0.008. Farmers who do not use hand protection are 17.5 times more likely to experience health problems than farmers who use hand protection. Meanwhile, the Logistic Model shows that all variables lack a significant relationship. CONCLUSION: Based on the overall analysis of the behavior of using personal protective equipment and personal hygiene of farmers, this study suggests increasing synergy between agricultural and health instructors in building awareness of using protective equipment and the correct and appropriate use of pesticides among farmers. In a cross-program and crosssector manner, agricultural extension workers can explain how to wear protective equipment and use pesticides correctly, while health educators can promote pesticide exposure pathways and preventive measures for pesticide-related diseases. Exploring other factors influencing farmers' willingness to use protective equipment and maintain personal hygiene is also essential, including barriers preventing farmers from behaving well. Good pesticide use behavior will maintain the health of farmers and build the health of farmer families and the surrounding community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes prevalence is steadily increasing worldwide, and South Africa is one of the countries in Africa with the highest prevalence of this disease, along with other non-communicable diseases. The adherence to treatment in male patients with type 2 diabetes is influenced by their attitudes towards medication and how they perceive their condition. To some extent, these factors impact the treatment outcomes for patients undergoing type 2 diabetes treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of male patients with type 2 diabetes on their adherence to diabetic therapy. The study was conducted in the clinics of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan municipality in Gauteng. Methods: This study followed a qualitative, exploratory design. Data were gathered from 15 male patients who were purposefully sampled through in-person, one-on-one interviews with the principal investigator. The eight steps outlined by Tesch were used to analyse the participant data. Results: Emergent themes indicated that there were barriers to adherence to diabetic treatment and also factors that promoted adherence to diabetic treatment among the participants. Several factors were found to affect treatment uptake among the participants. Conclusion: Patients demonstrated various reactions to diabetic treatment, highlighting the need for reinforcing education at the time of diagnosis and treatment initiation. Additionally, regular patient follow-up may be essential to improve adherence among patients. Contribution: The study highlights the importance of health promotion and the need to develop materials for medication-specific counselling for patients receiving diabetic treatment, in order to promote adherence.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pesticides are toxic and dangerous materials requiring good handling. Pesticide exposure highly affects farmers'' health, especially spray pesticides, which arise from pesticide residues in food, air, and the environment. This research aims to determine the relationship between behavioral factors in using Personal Protective Equipment and individual hygiene and sanitation of farmers who experience health problems. This study also looks at the predictive value of farmers'' behavioral factors regarding health problems.METHODS: The design of this study is cross-sectional with quantitative research type. This study gathered 91 respondents in Jonggol Village, which has the largest agricultural land in Bogor Regency and with farmers who actively use pesticides. Accordingly, this location has a population at risk of pesticide exposure. This study used questionnaires to obtain information about farmer behavior and health problems. It also used the statistical package for the social sciences application to analyze data based on the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.FINDINGS: The bivariate analysis results show a significant relationship between the habit of using personal protective equipment (masks) and farmers'' health problems, with a test value of 0.019 and an odds ratio of 4.24. The habit of not using hand protection (gloves) is also significantly related to not showering after farming, with a test value of 0.045 and an odds ratio of 3.61. Meanwhile, the variable habit of using hand protection (gloves) has the highest influence, with a test value of 0.008. Farmers who do not use hand protection are 17.5 times more likely to experience health problems than farmers who use hand protection. Meanwhile, the Logistic Model shows that all variables lack a significant relationship.CONCLUSION: Based on the overall analysis of the behavior of using personal protective equipment and personal hygiene of farmers, this study suggests increasing synergy between agricultural and health instructors in building awareness of using protective equipment and the correct and appropriate use of pesticides among farmers. In a cross-program and cross-sector manner, agricultural extension workers can explain how to wear protective equipment and use pesticides correctly, while health educators can promote pesticide exposure pathways and preventive measures for pesticide-related diseases. Exploring other factors influencing farmers'' willingness to use protective equipment and maintain personal hygiene is also essential, including barriers preventing farmers from behaving well. Good pesticide use behavior will maintain the health of farmers and build the health of farmer families and the surrounding community.

Background: Small-scale fishers of Indian Sundarbans depend on open-water fisheries for their livelihoods. They often face health, occupational, and safety issues in their profession due to environmental, socio-economic, and policy changes. The morbidity pattern and related risk factors are important indicators of well-being for any community, hence applicable to small-scale fishers of Sundarbans. The present study was designed to assess patterns of morbidities, associated risk factors including occupational health hazards, and treatment-seeking behavior of small-scale fishers in the Indian Sundarbans. Material and Methods: Household surveys, focused group discussions, and personal interviews were conducted through a predesigned pretested structured questionnaire. Associated risk factors and the nature of seeking treatment were considered during the data collection covering 650 individuals from 132 fishers' families. Results: Morbidities were more frequent in males (39.33%) than in females (28.5%). The fever (31%) was the most dominant reason for morbidities followed by ocular ailments (23%), musculoskeletal disorder (20%), dermatological ailments (17%), and respiratory illness (9%). The highest morbidities (25%) were recorded in the age group of 21-30 years in males while that was 20% in the 11-20 years age group in the case of the females. Physical labor for fishing activities predisposes to health ailments of the studied population. Conclusions: The prevalence of morbidity among the fishermen community was found to be 28.5%. The understanding of the morbidity profile of a population in general and specific age groups of both sexes in specific sheds light on the vulnerability of working groups that will help for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital era, the decline in children's outdoor playtime with excessive screen usage has raised concerns about their long-term physical health, mental well-being and overall development. This article highlights the importance of prioritizing and promoting outdoor play to ensure a balanced childhood experience. The decline in outdoor play can be attributed to factors such as increased technology usage, academic pressures, safety concerns and changing societal attitudes. However, outdoor play is crucial for children's holistic development as it contributes to improved physical health, cognitive stimulation, social interaction and emotional well-being. The decline in outdoor play and excessive screen time has been associated with various health issues, including mental health problems, disrupted sleep patterns, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behavior and physical health risks. To reclaim outdoor playtime, practical strategies are proposed. These include reevaluating priorities to strike a balance between technology usage and outdoor activities, promoting nature education in schools, creating safe outdoor spaces, encouraging parental involvement, addressing safety concerns, limiting screen time, nurturing environmental stewardship, fostering collaboration between schools and communities and advocating for supportive policies. By implementing these strategies and shifting cultural norms, we can provide children with a healthier and more well-rounded childhood experience, supporting their overall well-being and development in the digital era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feeding behaviour of individual growing-finishing pigs can be continuously monitored using sensors such as electronic feeding stations (EFSs), and this could be further used to monitor pig welfare. To make accurate conclusions about individual pig welfare, however, it is important to know whether deviations in feeding behaviour in response to welfare issues are shown only on average or by each individual pig. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to quantify the individual variation in feeding behaviour changes in response to a range of welfare issues, and (2) to explain this individual variation by quantifying the responses to welfare issues for specific subgroups of pigs. We monitored four rounds of 110 growing-finishing pigs each (3–4 months per round). We collected feeding behaviour data using IVOG® EFSs and identified health issues and heat stress using climate sensors and twice-weekly health observations. For each pig, a generalised additive model was fitted, which modelled feeding behaviour through time and estimated the effect of each welfare issue that the pig had suffered from. The range of these effect estimates was compared between pigs to study the individual variation in responses. Subsequently, pigs were repeatedly grouped using physical and feeding characteristics, and, with meta–subset analysis, it was determined for each group whether a deviation in response to the welfare issue (i.e. their combined effect estimates) was present. We found that the range in effect estimates was very large, approaching normal distributions for most combinations of welfare issues and feeding variables. This indicates that most pigs did not show feeding behaviour deviations during the welfare issue, while those that did could show both increases and reductions. One exception was heat stress, for which almost all pigs showed reductions in their feed intake, feeding duration and feeding frequency. When looking at subgroups of pigs, it was seen that especially for lameness and tail damage pigs with certain physical characteristics or feeding strategies did consistently deviate on some feeding components during welfare issues (e.g. only relatively heavier pigs reduced their feeding frequency during lameness). In conclusion, while detection of individual pigs suffering from heat stress using feeding variables should be feasible, detection of (mild) health issues would be difficult due to pigs responding differently, if at all, to a given health issue. For some pigs with specific physical or behavioural characteristics, nevertheless, detection of some health issues, such as lameness or tail damage, may be possible.

Abstract Background Although 12 years have passed since Great East Japan Earthquake and following Fukushima nuclear accident, approximately 40% of Japanese citizen still believe that the current radiation exposure in Fukushima residents will likely/ very likely to cause genetic effects of radiation. This incorrect understanding could continue unexpected discrimination and prejudice towards those from Fukushima now and in the future. In order to provide updated knowledge and eliminate rumors related to radiation, Japanese Ministry of the Environment has launched “GU-GU-RU” project in 2021 with consisting of five sections. Objective (1) To discuss the objectives and effects of the “GU-GU-RU” project (results after the first year), (2) to present administrative measures that may be effective in the long-term to prevent unjustified discrimination and prejudice, and (3) to eliminate rumors in the event of future large-scale disasters, including radiation disasters. Methods We showed the contents of each sections carried out under the project and observed the result of first-year activities in each section. Results Among the programs, the “Radiation College” has steadily produced positive results, with nearly 1,300 students participating and 50 students sharing their thoughts and ideas. In addition, the project has adopted strategies such as creating and broadcasting a TV program and collaborations with manga, which are expected to have a significant impact on society. Conclusions Compared to previous efforts on disseminating information related to health effect of radiation exposure, the “GU-GU-RU” project has taken a different approach in providing primary data of radiation and its health effects, which could become a better understanding of health effects of radiation for the general public, in order to eliminate rumors that may lead unjustified discrimination and prejudice.

The marine fisheries are one of the vital occupations in the southern parts of India. This industry is considered to be the foundation of revenue generation for these states. Kerala, being located at the southernmost part of India, is promoting this industry with support from inter-state migrant labourers. The inter-state migrants working in Kerala’s maritime industry are from northern and southern India. As a result of higher salaries and improved working conditions in this unskilled sector, people from the North and Eastern parts of the country have started to migrate to Kerala. Indeed, the continual cash flow in this sector makes it lucrative and invites a large influx of migrant labour to this region. These inter-state migrant labourers work for more than eight hours and spend 10 to 15 days at sea while fishing. They have to stay with heavy pieces of equipment at sea away from shore. This heart-wrenching situation deteriorates their health. They come across various kinds of professional injuries while fishing. Some of these fishermen and fisherwomen encounter long-term effects from those injuries. On the other hand, catering to their health needs seems challenging due to the lack of adequate medical facilities for migrant labourers. Following the increase in migratory flow, Kerala’s health system has faced several institutional impediments. The lack of identification of migrant labourers cripples the entire process of providing access to a better healthcare system to them. As a result, inter-state migrant labourers in the marine industry are facing various health-related challenges due to the nature of this profession and the apathy of state machinery. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the health issues affecting the inter-state migrant labourers in Kerala’s marine sector through a mixed-method research design.

The costs of food deterioration in terms of both money and health are rising. Fungi, bacteria, yeast, insects, and rodent contamination of food supplies continue to be a major public health concern. Chemical preservatives are effective but can be potentially fatal to human health in certain cases. As potent food preservatives, essential oils made from plants are a great alternative to synthetic preservatives. They also possess a variety of antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The use of artificial sweeteners in food products, which raises safety questions and health issues while also having reduced nutritional value, is another problem in the food industry. Because natural sweeteners are linked to a healthy lifestyle and have superior nutritional qualities, consumers today prefer them. This article goes through the issues with artificial sweeteners and preservatives and goes into great length about the many different essential oils and natural sweeteners that are much safer and healthier alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examines the relationship between energy usage, health issues, and pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) in Kyrgyzstan amidst the country's commitment to transition from coal-based energy to renewable sources, in line with the Paris Agreement. The purpose is to investigate citizens' attitudes towards PEB and their intentions to engage in environmentally friendly actions, focusing on gas, electricity, and coal. Methods: Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework, a survey was conducted among 1455 respondents to explore attitudes towards PEB and energy sources' impact on health issues. Results: Decarbonization efforts in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia are in their early stages, with coal remaining a primary energy source. The study emphasizes the importance of governmental policies and citizen action in achieving decarbonization goals. Rising electricity costs outweigh the increase in indirect energy costs for food, posing challenges for households adapting to changing energy dynamics. Conclusions: Targeted interventions and communication strategies are crucial to promote pro-environmental behaviour and facilitate the transition to sustainable energy sources. Understanding the relationships between health concerns, air pollution awareness, PEB, and energy source choices can inform policymakers and organizations to ensure a sustainable and healthy future for Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The costs of food deterioration in terms of both money and health are rising. Fungi, bacteria, yeast, insects, and rodent contamination of food supplies continue to be a major public health concern. Chemical preservatives are effective but can be potentially fatal to human health in certain cases. As potent food preservatives, essential oils made from plants are a great alternative to synthetic preservatives. They also possess a variety of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The use of artificial sweeteners in food products, which raises safety questions and health issues while also having reduced nutritional value, is another problem in the food industry. Because natural sweeteners are linked to a healthy lifestyle and have superior nutritional qualities, consumers today prefer them. This article goes through the issues with artificial sweeteners and preservatives and goes into great length about the many different essential oils and natural sweeteners that are much safer and healthier alternatives.

Whilst attendance in mainstream school helps encourage inclusivity, these environments are recognised as being particularly challenging for young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The COVID-19 pandemic brought a novel transition as young people moved from school to home-learning. This study compared the experiences of parents of children with ASD and co-occurring health difficulties of school-learning environments with their home-learning environments during COVID-19 lockdown. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on semi-structured interviews from six parents of children (aged 8-15 years old) with ASD. Four superordinate themes were generated: Interactions between Health, ASD and Learning Environments; School Support and Managing Health Needs; Seeking Solutions; and Learning from COVID-19 Lockdown. The study highlighted the impact of ASD and co-occurring health difficulties on learning where parents found ways to provide positive home-learning environments which could be used and/or transferred back into school environments. These results hold real-world implications where educators could treat sensory and ASD friendly environments as standard and include genuine adjustments for children with ASD and additional needs. A flexible home-learning approach using parental knowledge around environmental adjustments that support learning, wellbeing and a sense of inclusion should be prioritised for children's overall development and wellbeing in these unprecedented times, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the introduction of silver nanoparticles in medical products is rampant and, therefore, their toxic release into the environment gives rise to grave environmental issues. Environmental management is the need of the hour. The objective of this study is to create and harvest silver nanodots of sizes <20 nm using a simple ingredient like monosaccharide fructose sugar in the lab, to analyse their antimicrobial properties and to find usage by functionalizing them in medical products to enhance their quality. This experimental process following in this study is rapid paced, ecofriendly, toxic free, than the existing conventional methods. These silver nanodots are unique in nature, when it is functionalized with medical products such as textiles and wound dressings. They are found to be toxin free providing a safe and healthy medical environment. Infections are reduced nearly hundred percent due to silver-nanodots’ high antimicrobial potential. The toxic release into the environment is near zero, than the rest nanoparticles used in medical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a filtrate system for water purification is developed using polyurethane foam (PUFS) coated with silver nanodots synthesized using monosaccharide sugars. Repetition of washing and drying results in stable PUFS with uniform coating. Highly antiresistant E. coli bacteria of 100 colony-forming units per ml are prepared to be used for testing. Silvernanodots-coated PUF filter is soaked in this water for 20 minutes and analysed. The result shows very high reduction in bacterial population. This ensured pure drinking water can be obtained by this method at very low cost. Drinking water treatment using silver nanodots paves way for a healthy and safe living for mankind at places, where this precious commodity is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional status is an important factor in assessing the growth and development rate of babies and toddlers. Cases of malnutrition are increasing, especially in magelang city. Because nutritional problems (Malnutrition) can affect the health of toddlers. Therefore, this study aims to predict the level of prevalence of malnutrition with the Naïve Bayes method. This research uses an observational design, a single center study at the Magelang City Office, using the Naïve bayes method which is used as an application of time series data, and is most widely used for prediction, especially in data sets that have many categorical or nominal type attributes. The Naïve bayes method is used to predict such cases of malnutrition. The results of this study show that the Naïve Bayes method succeeded in predicting the magnitude of cases of malnourished toddlers in Magelang City with an accuracy percentage of 75% due to the very minimal amount of training data, and the areas that have the most malnutrition are in three areas, namely Magersari, North Tidar and Panjang.

Background and Study Aim. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are incredibly common and are often related to work load. For any occupational or public health intervention, injury prevention is preferred to injury treatment. Occupational health and injury prevention research has the potential to help mitigate MSD in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine how the work demands of ski instructors may affect the health of their musculoskeletal system. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study involved the participation of 87 ski instructors (age = 34.61 ±10.67) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (ATUS in Bosnia and Herzegovina). Observed variables were the prevalence of MSD measured using a modified Nordic questionnaire about injuries during the previous ski season (neck, shoulders, elbows, wrist, upper back, lower back, one or both hips, one or both knees, and ankle). Means and standard deviations for each of the variables were calculated, and differences between genders were examined using an independent sample t-test. Results. Prevalence of MSDs in ski instructors was most common in neck (13.8%), shoulders (12.6%), elbows (4.6%), wrist (9.2%), upper back (10.3%), lower back (46.0%), one or both hips (9.2%), one or both knees (29.9%), and ankle (9.2%). The results showed statistically significant differences in MSD between genders in the neck (p=.034); shoulders (p=.017); upper back (p=.027); one or both knees (p=.003) and in the ankle joint (p=.011). Conclusions. MSD’s are common in ski instructors, especially in the low back and knees of female employees. Future research or injury prevention programs would benefit these populations.

This systematic literature review was conducted to provide insights into how online readers' comments have been studied in the context of health over a 10-year span. About 593 studies published between 2010 and 2020; of these, 34 met the research criteria for inclusion. Our findings reveal that 60% of the studies focused on the United States, and a qualitative method was used in 74.3% of these studies. About 23.5% of the studies explored vaccine-related issues. Our results reveal that among the selected studies, 76.5% and 20.6% had female and male first authors, respectively. Textual analysis of abstracts shows that the top five keywords were news, HPV, vaccine, themes, and vaccination. However, 58.8% of the identified studies did not use any theoretical framework. In addition, nine health topics emerged: vaccines; health policies; nutritional and dietary choices; women's health issues; quality of life and wellbeing; smoking; engagement with health-related news content; COVID-19; and suicide and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow's milk is considered a complete food, providing high-quality protein and essential micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals. For medical reasons or as a lifestyle choice, consumers are replacing cow's milk with plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA); some perceive them as healthier alternatives to cow's milk due to their low saturated fatty acid content and no cholesterol content. However, the nutritional composition of PBMA is quite variable between different types and even within, which makes a comparison with cow's milk a complex issue. Furthermore, the consumption of PBMA has been associated with the development of some diseases in infants and children. Meanwhile, the consumption of cow's milk in human health is a controversial issue since it has been associated with a favorable effect in some diseases (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's) and a negative effect in others (such as prostate cancer risk and Parkinson's disease); while in some diseases, there is no consensus in the cow's milk consumption effect. The aim of this review is to make a nutritional comparison of cow's milk with PBMA and to clarify the potential health issues related to their consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by stages like Early and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI and LMCI), is a growing global concern. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for delaying its onset. Biomarkers like medical imaging and deep learning technology have been developed to address low early AD diagnosis accuracy. Deep learning algorithms can revolutionize the medical system by creating automatic diagnosis models and promoting artificial intelligence. However, existing studies have limitations, such as not considering complementarity between multiple features and ignoring spatial topological properties in the brain structure. It introduces two novel AD classification methods: Depth Double Deep Learning Method of Linear Attention Network (D3LM-LAN) based on Resnet-50, which incorporates a bilinear residual network structure, dual-channel data input, and hybrid attention module for enhanced PET and MRI multimodal data classification; and a machine learning approach using a Multi-Core Support Vector Machine (MLM-MCSVM) that improves softmax classifiers, optimizing data features and kernel functions via Particle Swarm Optimization. These models aid in effective intervention and personalized treatment planning, while the MLM-MCSVM model optimizes early detection with advanced feature selection. Together, these models enhance understanding of AD's heterogeneity, supporting evidence-based clinical practices and patient care. The study uses MRI and PET data to conduct two- and four-class experiments, testing AD vs. Normal Control (NC), MCI vs. NC, AD vs. MCI, EMCI, and LMCI. D3LM-LAN achieved accuracies of 97.74%, 95.01%, 93.82% and 95.69 % in two-class experiments. MLM-MCSVM further improved classification performance, demonstrating enhanced early diagnosis capabilities with accuracies of 98.59%, 96.53%, 95.77%, and 96.32%. • Proposes a multi-core SVM model for precise four-class AD prediction. • Optimizing metric-constrained feature selection and Kernel function. • Select features and classify AD using multimodal neuroimaging data. • Boosting accuracy and interpretability fine-tuning hyperparameters and attention mechanisms. • Analyzes optimization methods, revealing PSO's efficiency in Alzheimer's disease solution selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewerage system plays an important role to keep the city clean. The outdated drainage intensive care scheme unsuccessful to recognize in the pitch of forewarning the community about the gas ignition, growth in the ground water level and the unlocked lid. These arrangement straight effects on well being problems of inhabitants and wage earner who cleans the subversive drainage. The anticipated system is less expensive, less preservation, prolonged life expectancy and system constructed genuine stretch system, which keep posted the civic brigadier by type script communication when in the least manhole Greek cross the dawn value. Thus, the projected arrangement forecasting the hazardous conditions in drainage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) is an emerging and opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria of the human gastrointestinal tract associated with nosocomial and severe respiratory tract infections. It has also been associated with pneumonia, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections. Intrinsic and adaptive virulence characteristics of C. freundii have become a significant source of diarrheal infections and food poisoning among immune-compromised patients and newborns. Impulsive usage of antibiotics and these adaptive virulence characteristics has modulated the C. freundii into multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Conventional approaches are futile against MDR C. freundii. Materials and Methods: The current study exploits the modern computational-based vaccine design approach to treat infections related to MDR C. freundii. A whole proteome of C. freundii (strain: CWH001) was retrieved to screen pathogenic and nonhomologous proteins. Six proteins were shortlisted for the selection of putative epitopes for vaccine construct. Highly antigenic, nonallergen, and nontoxic eleven B-cell, HTL, and TCL epitopes were selected for mRNA- and peptide-based multi-epitope vaccine construct. Secondary and tertiary structures of the multi-epitope vaccine (MEVC) were designed, refined, and validated. Results: Evaluation of population coverage of MHC-I and MHC-II alleles were 72% and 90%, respectively. Docking MEVC with TLR-3 receptor with the binding affinity of 21.46 (kcal/mol) occurred through the mmGBSA process. Further validations include codon optimization with an enhanced CAI value of 0.95 and GC content of about 51%. Immune stimulation and molecular dynamic simulation ensure the antibody production upon antigen interaction with the host and stability of the MEVC construct, respectively. Conclusions: These interpretations propose a new strategy to combat MDR C. freundii. Further, in vivo and in vitro trials of this vaccine will be valuable in combating MDR pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The postpartum or puerperium period is the first 6 weeks after giving birth to an infant. The postpartum period can have negative implications, especially in first-time mothers. With their transition into motherhood, new mothers adopt new lifestyles, which can affect their physical wellbeing. Childbirth has physical, psychological, and emotional effects on women as they try to adapt to their new roles in order to get through this period with no or minimal health issues. Study Aim: The current study aims to explore primiparous adaptations with postpartum health issues in Jeddah City at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The research design is quantitative cross-sectional. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data in relation to depression and weight gain, which consider the most common postpartum health issues. The inclusion criteria of the participants are: primipara, 2 to 6 months postpartum, and living in Jeddah. Results: 140 participants were included in the study. Mothers gained approximately 9.2 kg within the fifth to ninth month after giving birth. Discussion: Postpartum weight retention is a primary challenge in the majority of primiparous mothers and results in reduced quality of life. Nurses were always available to answer questions related to the postpartum health issues and explained the expectations to the family members. Conclusions: Childbirth and the postpartum period for first-time mothers are crucial in their lives as they try to adapt to a new way of life. The postpartum period can have negative implications, especially in first-time mothers. With their transition into motherhood, new mothers adopt new lifestyles, which can affect their physical wellbeing. More research is needed to explore the impact of postpartum health issues in Saudi Arabia.

The article examines the effect of cooking food in kitchens on the health of women, as women and children are at a greater risk to indoor air pollution (IAP). It is important to study the cooking practices and prevalent behaviours among African women to understand the magnitude of the danger they face. The study suggests that a decline in the combustion of solid fuels and the use of clean energy can improve health among women and children, as well as sustainability goals. Proverbs 17:22 says, ‘A joyful heart is the health of the body, but a depressed spirit dries up the bones’. Bible verse Numbers 35:33–34 indicates, ‘You shall not pollute the land in which you live’. The cooking fuel analysis framework among rural women in Africa will guide forward the governments’ sustainability policies for communities to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being of women and children. Contribution: The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the literature on African cooking practices. A combined search string is made with keywords. Thematic content analysis is conducted with NVivo (produced by QSR International). The article covers two themes, namely improved well-being and suggesting policies to combat climate change and its impacts. Policies and schemes at grassroots levels and better economic conditions in African countries can help to overcome challenges and change health-damaging cooking behaviours. The new advanced sustainability analysis framework has the potential to influence modern kitchen fuels and increase the adoption of new technologies in African villages.

Background: This study examines the relationship between energy usage, health issues, and pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) in Kyrgyzstan amidst the country’s commitment to transition from coal-based energy to renewable sources, in line with the Paris Agreement. The purpose is to investigate citizens’ attitudes towards PEB and their intentions to engage in environmentally friendly actions, focusing on gas, electricity, and coal. Methods: Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework, a survey was conducted among 1455 respondents to explore attitudes towards PEB and energy sources’ impact on health issues. Results: Decarbonization efforts in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia are in their early stages, with coal remaining a primary energy source. The study emphasizes the importance of governmental policies and citizen action in achieving decarbonization goals. Rising electricity costs outweigh the increase in indirect energy costs for food, posing challenges for households adapting to changing energy dynamics. Conclusions: Targeted interventions and communication strategies are crucial to promote pro-environmental behaviour and facilitate the transition to sustainable energy sources. Understanding the relationships between health concerns, air pollution awareness, PEB, and energy source choices can inform policymakers and organizations to ensure a sustainable and healthy future for Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian countries.

1915; 250: 1-39 93 Shields V.D.C., Broomell B.P., Salako J.O.B. Host selection and acceptability of selected tree species by gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.). J. Pest Sci. 2000; 73: 125-126 237 Zúbrik M., Hajek A., Pilarska D., Spilda I., Georgiev G., Hrasovec B., Hirka A., Goertz D., Hoch G., Barta M. The potential for Entomophaga maimaiga to regulate gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Europe. 1956; 21: 148-157 78 Gray D.R., Ravlin F.W., Régnière J., Logan J.A. Further advances toward a model of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) egg phenology: Respiration rates and thermal responsiveness during diapause, and age-dependent developmental rates in postdiapause. 1993 110 Miller J.C., Hanson P.E. Laboratory studies on development of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), larvae on foliage of gymnosperms. 1984 288 Liebhold A.M., Elkinton J.S., Wallner W.E. Effect of burlap bands on between-tree movement of late-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae). [Extracted from the article]

Firewood is a solid biofuel that is widely used for cooking in Mexico's residential sector. This study seeks to identify relevant factors in firewood consumption patterns, and their implications for climate change, gender, and health, and for energy poverty in Mexico, by climate region and socioeconomic level. For this purpose, a statistical analysis was conducted of recently published official information. We estimate that a total of 31.3 million Mexicans—26% of the total population—use firewood, and we have identified three main types of users: (i) exclusive firewood users (30%); (ii) mixed firewood users using firewood as their primary fuel (18%) and (iii) mixed firewood users using firewood as their secondary fuel source (52%). Total consumption of firewood was estimated at 116.6 PJ, while estimated greenhouse gas emissions were 8.1 million tCO2e. Out of all the households studied, 53% were in the tropical climate region; 59% were categorized as being in the "low" socioeconomic level; and 75% were in population centers comprising fewer than 2500 inhabitants. Some 68% of households do not pay for the acquisition of firewood, and for those households that do pay for the resource, estimated transactions total USD 286.9 million. Expenditures on firewood for energy represent up to 10% of household income. Finally, it was estimated that 15.7 million direct users of firewood are women who use the resource in three-stone fires, in which they expose themselves to health risks in doing so. In conclusion, main universal findings, the study's limitations, and future research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our world view is guided by the physical world, our knowledge, experiences and our perceptions and beliefs. Media is one of the powerful elements while shaping our world view in the age of globalization, through its presentations. Body image is an important part of one’s life, as having a positive body image can lead to a happier and satisfied life while a negative body image can lead to a damaging behavior. Media’s effects on people particularly women have caused many problems such as on health, which has been a recent topic for many scholars. The discussion which is dominating is either it has positive effect such as obesity or its cause or its negative effect such as thin ideal bodies preferable for women. This further has created many social, emotional, psychological and health issues. The problem of health either physical or mental has increased with the rapid globalization change. New images for body increases pressure for girls and women which causes health issues. These issues not only affect the health of girls and women but also their families’ lives. This study is important in many ways especially in terms of disclosing those factors that influences women to adopt ideal body described in media. There are researches conducted in the topic however, there are very limited amount of researches conducted in Pakistan especially in Balochistan. This study is unique in its nature, because it reveals the health issues associated with negative body images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global public health emergency, has exposed the fragility of health systems. Access to healthcare became a scarce commodity as healthcare providers and resource-poor populations became victims of the novel corona virus. Therefore, this study focuses on Africa's readiness to integrate telemedicine into the weak health systems and its adoption may help alleviate poor healthcare and poverty after COVID-19. We conducted a narrative review through different search strategies in Scopus on January 20, 2021, to identify available literature reporting implementation of various telemedicine modes in Africa from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. We summarized 54 studies according to geographies, field, and implementation methods. The results show a willingness to adopt telemedicine in the resource-poor settings and hard-to-reach populations, which will bring relief to the inadequate healthcare systems and alleviate poverty of those who feel the burden of healthcare cost the most. With adequate government financing, telemedicine promises to enhance the treating of communicable and non-communicable diseases as well as support health infrastructure. It can also alleviate poverty among vulnerable groups and hard-to-reach communities in Africa with adequate government financing. However, given the lack of funding in Africa, the challenges in implementing telemedicine require global and national strategies before it can yield promising results. This is especially true in regards to alleviating the multidimensionality of poverty in post-COVID-19 Africa.

COVID-19 pandemic has brought a paradigm shift in education with a trend of online learning and even schooling. During complete lockdown period schools were shifted to smartphones and computers. This study aimed to explore the pattern of smartphone use before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and the health issues of school-going children in post-COVID-19 period. There was a significant rise in the timings of mobile phone use from 2 hours to 7 hours per day. A total of 90% of student’s mothers reported behavioral change where lack of socializing was the most commonly reported change. Irritation of eyes and dryness were the most commonly reported ocular disorders. The rise of mobile phones has brought several behavioral and ocular disorders due to long hours of use. There is a need to confirm health-related issues of smartphone use in large prospective studies and develop preventive strategies.

The ethnic kinship of communities living on the borders of Gabon and Congo and their socioeconomic needs are the main drivers of cross-border mobility between the two countries. While these proximity cross-border flows have been responsible for the spread of HIV/AIDS from the Congolese driving territory to the Gabonese periphery, Ebola outbreaks have not spread beyond their original foci on the borders of the two countries. After retrospectively examining the impact of the health crises that confronted the Gabonese border margins during the years 1990-2000, this paper analyzes how the experience gained from the management of these previous outbreaks helped to control the spread of the EVD-19 pandemic in Gabon. From a methodological point of view, this paper is based on scientific and journalistic publications, institutional documents, epidemiological data made available by the Steering Committee of the Plan for Surveillance and Control of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Gabon (COPIL), as well as on field observations. Based on these investigations, and after two years of viral activity, it appears that the response strategy to the COVID-19 pandemic implemented by the Gabonese authorities has led to mixed results.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang sangat pesat mempermudah ibu-ibu generasi milenial untuk mendapatkan informasi seputar kesehatan anak dan keluarga secara online. Tren pencarian informasi ini hendaknya disertai dengan kemampuan literasi digital yang baik untuk menjamin ketepatan dalam memilah informasi yang beredar. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat literasi digital ibu milenial dalam mengakses informasi terkait kesehatan anak dan keluarga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah digital etnografi dengan paradigma post-positivisme. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap tujuh ibu milenial yang berdomisili di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia, seperti Jakarta, Surabaya, dan Banjarmasin. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, kecakapan literasi digital mayoritas ibu milenial berada di tingkat sedang. Tingkat ini dipengaruhi oleh minat terhadap isu kesehatan tertentu serta pengalaman dari masing-masing ibu. Tingkat kecakapan literasi digital seorang ibu dapat mempengaruhi perilaku mereka sehari-hari. Lebih lanjut, temuan elemen penyebaran informasi dalam praktik literasi digital para ibu menambah kekayaan konsep dari literasi itu sendiri. The rapid development of digital technology made it easier for milenial generation mothers to get information online about child and family’s health. This information-seeking trend should be accompanied by excellent digital literacy skills to ensure accuracy in sorting out information. This study tried to describe the digital literacy competency of milenial mothers in accessing information related to child and family’s health. The research method used is digital ethnography with a post-positivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with seven milenial mothers living in several major cities in Indonesia, including Jakarta, Surabaya, and Banjarmasin. The results of this study showed that the digital literacy skills of milenial mothers were at a moderate level. This level was influenced by their interest in specific health issues and their experiences. Their level of digital literacy skills could possibly affect their daily behavior. Furthermore, the finding about the element of information dissemination element in this digital literacy practice would add to the richness of the literacy concept itself.