Providing cells with enough oxygen led to the creation of multicellular organisms, and red blood cells (RBCs) are specialized organ that plays a key role in this process, not able to get oxygen from the air without because of diffusion, which provides energy for oxidative phosphorylation when it comes to producing energy at extremely high efficiency. The RBCs in your body have adapted to their function by maximizing packing hemoglobin levels that are extremely high in their cytoplasm including the release of nuclei and other organelles. Red blood cells (RBCs) have adapted over time to shed their nuclei and other organelles while loading their cytoplasm with hemoglobin. RBCs are prepared to transport oxygen by metabolic/redox enzymes during their about 120-day circulatory lifetime in humans until they collect damage and are rapidly eliminated by the reticuloendothelial system. However, when RBCs are removed from circulation and stored hypodermically in blood banks, these complex evolutionary adaptations become ineffective due to the accumulation of storage-induced damages ("storage lesions") throughout the shelf life of stored RBCs. COVID-19 disease is caused by the same SARS-CoV-2 beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which manifests largely as difficulty breathing, a persistent dry cough, and fever. Since they carry oxygen throughout the body, red blood cells (RBCs) could be involved in the degree to which COVID-19 individuals suffer from hypoxemia. Recent research has shown that examines the effect of COVID-19 on RBCs using cutting-edge metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics techniques to molecularly diagnosed COVID-19 patients, and 23 controls. patients. Elevated concentrations were found in the red blood cells of patients with COVID-19. oxidation and fragmentation of ankyrin, spectrin beta, and the N-terminal cytosolic domain, as well as the glycolytic intermediates zone of band 3 (AE1). This article seeks to give a holistic overview of the literature on RBC storage lesions and their putative clinical effects by including the recent exponential expansion in available data derived from technologies in addition to that published in more conventional publications. Keywords: red blood cells, interactions, membrane proteins, erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor, epigenetics, erythropoiesis. Title: Physiology and metabolic of red blood cell Author: Fawaz almebyad International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing ISSN 2394-7330 Vol. 9, Issue 3, September 2022 - December 2022 Page No: 101-113 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 04-October-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7144652 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Physiology%20and%20metabolic%20of%20red%20blood-04102022-2.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, ISSN 2394-7330, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com, {"references":["[1]\tKanias T, Acker JP. Biopreservation of red blood cells—the struggle with hemoglobin oxidation. FEBS J 2010; 277: 343-56.","[2]\tD'Alessandro A, Zolla L. Proteomic analysis of red blood cells and the potential for the clinic: what have we learned so far? Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14: 243-52.","[3]\tWinslow RM. Oxygen: the poison is in the dose. Transfusion 2013; 53: 424-37.","[4]\tMebius RE, Kraal G (2005) Structure and function of the spleen. Nat Rev Immunol 5:606–616.","[5]\tPetroianu A (2011) The Spleen (Bentham Science Publishers, Hilversum, The Netherlands).","[6]\tBuffet PA, et al. (2006) Ex vivo perfusion of human spleens maintains clearing and processing functions. Blood 107:3745–3752.","[7]\tSafeukui I, et al. (2008) Retention of plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocytes in the slow, open microcirculation of the human spleen. Blood 112:2520–2528.","[8]\tSafeukui I, et al. (2012) Quantitative assessment of the human spleen's sensing and sequestration of spherocytic erythrocytes. Blood 120:424–430.","[9]\tNdour PA, et al. (2015) Role of the Spleen in Human Malaria (Springer, New York).","[10]\tWu, F.; Zhao, S.; Yu, B.; Chen, Y.-M.; Wang, W.; Song, Z.-G.; Hu, Y.; Tao, Z.-W.; Tian, J.-H.; Pei, Y.-Y.; Yuan, M.-L.; Zhang, Y.-L.; Dai, F.-H.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Q.-M.; Zheng, J.-J.; Xu, L.; Holmes, E. C.; Zhang, Y.-Z. A New Coronavirus Associated with Human Respiratory Disease in China. Nature 2020, 579 (7798), 265−269."]}