Search

Purpose: This study analyzes the influence of diagnostic and interactive use of the performance measurement system (PMS) on job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. Originality/value: The study provides empirical evidence that contributes to highlighting the contrasting findings in the literature on how the use of PMS influences job satisfaction and the affective organizational commitment of individuals. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was carried out with middlelevel managers of companies featured in the Best Companies to Work For ranking by the Você S/A magazine, where a sample of 167 valid responses was obtained. We applied the structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results show a direct relationship between the interactive use of PMS and job satisfaction. They also indicate a direct connection between job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. Furthermore, they show that diagnostic use directly impacts affective organizational commitment, while interactive use indirectly impacts affective organizational commitment by mediating job satisfaction. These results contribute to the literature by revealing that PMS's diagnostic and interactive uses result in different psychological consequences, such as job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. They also contribute by reinforcing the previous literature regarding the complementarity and interdependence of the dual role of the PMS in the organizational context since the interactive use provides a flexible basis for the performance of activities, and the diagnostic use requires alignment of individual behaviors with organizational standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of subordinates' use of accounting controls on their job performance in circumstances where their supervisor adopts an empowering leadership style. We surveyed 98 Australian managers in the disability and manufacturing industries. The results show that diagnostic and scanning use mediate the relationship between supervisors' empowering leadership style and subordinates' creativity and goal productivity. When supervisors engage in empowering behaviours, subordinates are more likely to draw on accounting controls to cope with the greater information demands and job ambiguity inherent to such a leadership style. Furthermore, scanning use increases creativity whilst diagnostic use reduces creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the diagnostic and interactive use of the budget on managerial performance, as mediated by organizational commitment. A survey was carried out using Brazilian textile industry companies as a population, and the sample consists of 133 respondents to the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the diagnostic and/or interactive use of the budget influences organizational commitment, as well as influencing managerial performance. The organizational commitment variable had a total mediating effect on the relationship between the use of budgetary control system and managerial performance, indicating that forms of budget use affect managerial performance only when managers are committed to the organization. Based on the results, we concluded that forms of budget use had influence on organizational commitment and on the managerial performance in the surveyed companies. These results advance the literature as they reveal that the diagnostic use and interactive use of the budget are antecedent variables of organizational commitment, leading to behaviors at work that can contribute to increasing managerial performance.

Until recently, estimation of β-amyloid plaque density as a key element for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as the cause of cognitive impairment was only possible at autopsy. Now with amyloid-positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET) neuroimaging, this AD hallmark can be detected antemortem. Practitioners and patients need to better understand potential diagnostic benefits and limitations of amyloid-PET and the complex practical, ethical, and social implications surrounding this new technology. To complement the practical considerations, Eli Lilly and Company sponsored a Bioethics Advisory Board to discuss ethical issues that might arise from clinical use of amyloid-PET neuroimaging with patients being evaluated for causes of cognitive decline. To best address the multifaceted issues associated with amyloid-PET neuroimaging, we recommend this technology be used only by experienced imaging and treating physicians in appropriately selected patients and only in the context of a comprehensive clinical evaluation with adequate explanations before and after the scan.

Cerebral microbleeds are microscopic hemorrhages with deposits of blood products in the brain, which can be visualized with MRI and are implicated in cerebrovascular diseases. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Perl's Prussian blue are popular staining methods used to localize cerebral microbleeds in pathology. This paper compared these two staining techniques in a mouse model of cerebral microbleeds. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce cerebral microhemorrhages. C57B6 mice were treated with LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle at baseline and at 24 hr. The brains were extracted 48 hr after the first injection and adjacent coronal sections were stained with H&E and Prussian blue to compare the effectiveness of the two staining techniques. H&E-positive stains were increased with LPS treatment and were correlated with grossly visible microhemorrhages on the brain surface; Prussian blue-positive stains, by comparison, showed no significant increase with LPS treatment and did not correlate with either H&E-positive stains or surface microhemorrhages. H&E staining is thus a more reliable indicator of acute bleeding events induced by LPS in this model within a short time span.

Effective management of diabetes mellitus, affecting tens of millions of patients, requires frequent assessment of plasma glucose. Patient compliance for sufficient testing is often reduced by the unpleasantness of current methodologies, which require blood samples and often cause pain and skin callusing. We propose that the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be used as a novel, alternative, noninvasive means to monitor glycemia in these patients. Seventeen healthy (9 females and 8 males, 28.0 ± 1.0 yr) and eight type 1 diabetic (T1DM) volunteers (5 females and 3 males, 25.8 ± 1.7 yr) were enrolled in a 240-min triphasic intravenous dextrose infusion protocol (baseline, hyperglycemia, euglycemia-hyperinsulinemia). In T1DM patients, insulin was also administered (using differing protocols on 2 repeated visits to separate the effects of insulinemia on breath composition). Exhaled breath and room air samples were collected at 12 time points, and concentrations of ~100 VOCs were determined by gas chromatography and matched with direct plasma glucose measurements. Standard least squares regression was used on several subsets of exhaled gases to generate multilinear models to predict plasma glucose for each subject. Plasma glucose estimates based on two groups of four gases each (cluster A: acetone, methyl nitrate, ethanol, and ethyl benzene; cluster B: 2-pentyl nitrate, propane, methanol, and acetone) displayed very strong correlations with glucose concentrations (0.883 and 0.869 for clusters A and B, respectively) across nearly 300 measurements. Our study demonstrates the feasibility to accurately predict glycemia through exhaled breath analysis over a broad range of clinically relevant concentrations in both healthy and T1DM subjects.

urpose: This study analyzes the influence of the interactive and the diagnostic use of Management Control Systems (MCS) and slack time on process innovation in incubated companies. Originality/value: Organizational characteristics are associated with processes innovation in organizations with contemporary configuration. The study brings evidence to the contrasting findings of the MCS literature with slack time and process innovation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was conducted with managers of companies listed on websites of incubators associated with the Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores (National Association of Entities Promoting Innovative Enterprises), obtaining a sample of 106 valid responses. To analyze the data, the Structural Equation Modeling technique was applied to analyze the data. Findings: The results indicated that the interactive use of MCS promotes slack time at work, and the diagnostic use inhibits its creation. However, slack time was not significantly associated with processes innovation, which reveals a dysfunctional role of the slack. The interactive use of MCS had a significant influence on processes innovation. It is concluded that the interactive use prevails when the purpose is to promote processes innovation, as it favors contacts between different hierarchical levels and learning, while the diagnostic use highlights its relevance by inhibiting the creation of slack time, understood as a dysfunction for not leading to processes innovation. This denotes that the interactive and the diagnostic use of MCS are complementary in incubated companies. / Objetivo: Este estudo analisa a influência dos usos interativo e diagnóstico dos Sistemas de Controle Gerencial (SCG) e da folga de tempo na inovação de processos, em empresas incubadas. Originalidade/valor: Características organizacionais são associadas com a inovação de processos em organizações de configuração contemporânea. O estudo traz evidências aos achados contrastantes da literatura dos SCG com a folga de tempo e a inovação de processos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Pesquisa de levantamento foi realizada com gestores das empresas listadas nos sites de incubadoras associadas à Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores e obteve-se uma amostra de 106 respostas válidas. Para analisar os dados, aplicou-se a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que o uso interativo dos SCG promove a folga de tempo no trabalho e o uso diagnóstico inibe sua criação. Porém, a folga de tempo não apresentou associação significativa com a inovação de processos, o que revela um papel disfuncional da folga. O uso interativo dos SCG apresentou influência significativa na inovação de processos. Conclui-se que o uso interativo prevalece quando a finalidade é promover a inovação de processos, pois favorece contatos entre diferentes níveis hierárquicos e aprendizagem, enquanto o uso diagnóstico evidencia sua relevância ao inibir a criação de folga de tempo, entendida como uma disfunção por não levar à inovação de processos. Isso denota complementaridade dos usos interativo e diagnóstico dos SCG nas empresas incubadas.

It is well known that both management control systems (MCSs) and operations management (OM) are related to firm performance; however, an integrated st udy that involves MCS and OM within the context of firm performance is still lacking. This research aimed to examine the relationships among the use of MCSs and OM techniques and firm performance in the Brazilian auto parts industry. Simons’ levers of cont rol framework was used to characterise the uses of MCSs, and OM techniques, such as total quality management (TQM) and continuous improvement programmes, were adopted. The results obtained through the structural equation modelling indicated that the diagno stic use of MCSs is positively associated with the goals of cost reduction. In addition, the interactive use of MCSs is positively associated with the objectives of introducing new products, which is consistent with previous research. Additionally, OM tech niques are positively related to cost reduction but have no direct relationship with the introduction of new products.

Abstract Until recently, estimation of β‐amyloid plaque density as a key element for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as the cause of cognitive impairment was only possible at autopsy. Now with amyloid‐positron emission tomography (amyloid‐PET) neuroimaging, this AD hallmark can be detected antemortem. Practitioners and patients need to better understand potential diagnostic benefits and limitations of amyloid‐PET and the complex practical, ethical, and social implications surrounding this new technology. To complement the practical considerations, Eli Lilly and Company sponsored a Bioethics Advisory Board to discuss ethical issues that might arise from clinical use of amyloid‐PET neuroimaging with patients being evaluated for causes of cognitive decline. To best address the multifaceted issues associated with amyloid‐PET neuroimaging, we recommend this technology be used only by experienced imaging and treating physicians in appropriately selected patients and only in the context of a comprehensive clinical evaluation with adequate explanations before and after the scan.

Introduction: In bone metastases, the disruption of normal bone processes results in increased resorption and formation rates, which can often be quantitatively measured by biomarkers in the urine and blood. The purpose of this review is to summarize relevant studies of urinary markers used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic tool, as well as its potential and advances in directing therapy. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to July 2014), EMBASE (1950 to 2014 week 30) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (3rd Quarter 2014) to identify studies that detailed the use of urinary markers in the cancer setting, specifically involving markers for bone metastases. Search terms included “urinary markers”, “cancer”, and “bone metastases”. Results: A total of 35 articles, with 24 original studies, were identified. In general, urinary markers can be used to detect early signs of bone metastases prior to skeletal imaging, but still must be used in conjunction with imaging to avoid false positive results. The use of urinary markers, such as N-telopeptide, as a prognostic tool remains controversial, but can provide information on the relative risk of skeletal related events (SREs), disease progression, as well as death. Finally, while urinary markers have shown to be potentially useful in confirming the efficacy of bone metastases treatments, exploring the appropriate dosages for treatment, and directing therapy, it is still unclear to what extent urinary markers should be reduced by. Conclusion: The potential use of urinary markers in the management of bone metastases is promising as it can allow for earlier and more convenient detection of bone metastases in comparison to other techniques. However, additional studies involving prospective clinical trials are suggested to further examine the potential of urinary markers in developing appropriate treatment strategies and endpoints, especially in developing a clearer protocol on the extent urinary markers should be reduced by to correlate with achievement of clinical benefit.

In most cases, persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is asymptomatic and discovered accidentally. This case involves a 43-year-old male who underwent an emergency cadaveric liver transplantation. Postoperatively, the left internal jugular vein was cannulated using a sono-guided Seldinger technique in the intensive care unit. But the chest X-ray showed that the catheter followed the left paramediastinal course instead of crossing midline to the right to enter the superior vena cava. In consideration of the patient's status, an intra-arterial or extra-vascular placement could be excluded. For a diagnosis, we performed a bed-side transthoracic echocardiography with an agitated saline micro-bubble test. When agitated saline was injected through the catheter, the coronary sinus was initially opacified, and then the right atrium followed. In conclusion, we were able to make a diagnosis of PLSVC by a bedside test without radiation exposure.

Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) has been in use since 1980s as the 'gold standard' for monitoring glycaemic control and as a predictor of diabetic complications. Even though several conditions, such as, haemolytic anaemia (lowers HbA1c) and aplastic anaemia (raises HbA1c) tend to confound and interfere with HbA1c measurement, in most circumstances HbA1c is a valid and reliable index of glycaemic status. Recently, HbA1c has also been recommended as a diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus by the American Diabetes Association (ADA); HbA1c offers logistical advantages over the conventional oral glucose tolerance test as it requires a non-fasting random sample. In this article the history of discovery of HbA1c, biochemical processes behind its formation, its assay techniques, various factors influencing HbA1c, importance of standardization of its assay so as to make the results reported from different laboratories much more comparable are critically reviewed. This review also provides an update on the optimal HbA1c targets, its reliability in control of diabetic complications, limitations of test results and its importance in control of diabetes patients and their complications, various cut-off values obtained in studies performed both in India and worldwide and its role as a surrogate marker of metabolic syndrome, among others.

O propósito deste estudo de natureza empírico-teórica foi entender os relacionamentos entre o Uso do Sistema de Controle Gerencial; o desenvolvimento de Competências Organizacionais e Desempenho usando o framework proposto por Henri 2006 . A dimensão Uso do Sistema de Controle Gerencial proposta por Simons 1995; 2000 em Uso Diagnóstico e Uso Interativo é pouco estudada no Brasil; contrariamente à literatura internacional; embora esta tenha mostrado alguns resultados que são contraditórios. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2008; por meio de um survey em uma amostra de 104 empresas constantes da relação das 1.000 Maiores Empresas da Revista Exame. Com a aplicação da Modelagem de Equação Estrutural; os principais resultados mostram que não existem evidências de relacionamento negativo entre o Uso Diagnóstico e o desenvolvimento de Competências Organizacionais; o que contradiz os resultados de Henri 2006 . Também se identificou que o Uso Interativo influencia positivamente as competências Aprendizagem Organizacional e Orientação para Mercado e estas influenciam positivamente o Desempenho medido por auto-avaliação . O estudo contribui para a literatura nacional ao abordar um tema que integra Contabilidade Gerencial e Estratégia; e também por operacionalizar o construto Tensões Dinâmicas. O resultado contribui para a prática ao mostrar que as empresas devem continuar usando diagnosticamente o Controle Gerencial; pois este auxilia a organização a corrigir desvios; ao mesmo tempo que recomenda a utilização da forma interativa para ativar as competências organizacionais.The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among Management Control System Use, development of company's organizational competences and performance using Henri's framework (HENRI, 2006). The dimension Use of Management Control System, proposed by Simons (1995, 2000) in diagnostic use and interactive use is scarcely studied in Brazil, in spite of the international research that has shown some contradictory results. The research was carried out in 2008, by a survey in a sample of 104 companies from Exame Magazine 1000 Biggest Brazilian Companies. Using the Structural Equation Model, the main results indicate no evidence of negative relationships between the diagnostic use and the organizational competences development, what contradicts Henri's results (2006). It was also identified that the interactive use has positive influences in the competences of Organizational Learning and Market Orientation, and these have positive influences in Performance (measured by self-evaluation). This study contributes to Brazilian research as its subject integrates Management Accounting and Strategy and also for measurement the construct Dynamic Tensions. For the practice, the result is important as it shows that companies should continue to use Management Control for diagnostic, as it helps the organization to correct errors, simultaneously recommending the use of interactive way to activate organizational ompetences.

Cancer is the result of the accumulation ofchanges in molecules with important functionsin processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis,cell death and gene repair. Molecules,substances or altered pathways constitutetumor markers or biomarkers useful in clinicalmonitoring of cancer patients, because theyhave demonstrated to be suitable for the valuationof the patient’s treatment and it efficiency.Determination of tumor markers has not beenvery successful due to the low sensitivity andspecificity of the techniques used and the requirementof large volumes of biological samplesor the use of invasive methods for collecting them. The serum tumor markers arise, as a usefultool to obtain information about the diseaseprogress and constitute as a scientific challengeto improve its applicability in early diagnosis,prognosis, monitoring of the disease and evaluationof therapeutic efficacy.

Recent three-dimensional multidetector row computed tomography (3D MDCT) can provide detailed images of a gastric tumor, including its general contour, location and depth. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of MDCT in the differential diagnosis and staging of gastric tumors in patients prepared for surgery. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with gastric tumors identified by gastric optical endoscopy were admitted for preoperative evaluation. All patients received double-contrast barium meal (DCBM) study and abdominal MDCT with 3D reconstruction before surgery. We compared the accuracy of MDCT with DCBM study in detecting and differentiating gastric tumors. In addition, the MDCT findings were correlated with surgical and pathologic results in gastric cancers for Borrmann type, T and N stages. Results: Among the 79 patients with gastric tumors, there were 24 cases of early gastric cancer, 40 cases of advanced gastric cancer, 12 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and three cases of gastric lymphoma. Both MDCT and DCBM were very accurate in picking up the lesions (100%). The diagnostic accuracies of MDCT and DCBM were similar (94% vs. 96%) in differentiating mucosal and submucosal lesions as well as classification of Borrmann type in advanced gastric cancer (70% vs. 63%). In 64 patients with gastric cancers, there was good correlation between MDCT images and pathology in 73% of T staging and 69% of N staging. Conclusion: MDCT has a similar high accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of different gastric tumors compared with DCBM and provides additional information including tumor depth, lymph node and hepatic metastasis. Therefore, MDCT may be used as a primary tool for preoperative tumor diagnosis and staging.

Introduction In bone metastases, the disruption of normal bone processes results in increased resorption and formation rates, which can often be quantitatively measured by biomarkers in the urine and blood. The purpose of this review is to summarize relevant studies of urinary markers used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic tool, as well as its potential and advances in directing therapy. Methods A literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to July 2014), EMBASE (1950 to 2014 week 30) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (3rd Quarter 2014) to identify studies that detailed the use of urinary markers in the cancer setting, specifically involving markers for bone metastases. Search terms included “urinary markers”, “cancer”, and “bone metastases”. Results A total of 35 articles, with 24 original studies, were identified. In general, urinary markers can be used to detect early signs of bone metastases prior to skeletal imaging, but still must be used in conjunction with imaging to avoid false positive results. The use of urinary markers, such as N-telopeptide, as a prognostic tool remains controversial, but can provide information on the relative risk of skeletal related events (SREs), disease progression, as well as death. Finally, while urinary markers have shown to be potentially useful in confirming the efficacy of bone metastases treatments, exploring the appropriate dosages for treatment, and directing therapy, it is still unclear to what extent urinary markers should be reduced by. Conclusion The potential use of urinary markers in the management of bone metastases is promising as it can allow for earlier and more convenient detection of bone metastases in comparison to other techniques. However, additional studies involving prospective clinical trials are suggested to further examine the potential of urinary markers in developing appropriate treatment strategies and endpoints, especially in developing a clearer protocol on the extent urinary markers should be reduced by to correlate with achievement of clinical benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the impact of oral ranitidine on the imaging quality in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients underwent MRCP with 3D and 2D acquisitions, and three strategies for suppression of the gastrointestinal fluid signal: a) only at fasting; b) 12 hours after ingestion of 300 mg ranitidine; c) after oral administration of gadolinium solution. Three observers reviewed the images with a focus on the degree of visualization of the biliopancreatic tree. The interobserver agreement was evaluated with the kappa test. The difference between techniques and acquisition modalities were evaluated by means of average grading scores. Results: The three strategies for suppression of the gastrointestinal fluid signal presented high reproducibility. The results with suppression of the gastrointestinal fluid signal with ranitidine where similar to those obtained with fasting, and both were worse than those obtained with gadolinium solution. The 3D acquisitions surpassed 2D only in terms of visibility of the cystic duct and gallbladder, and were inferior or equivalent in the other biliopancreatic ductal segments. Conclusion: The use of ranitidine does not seem justified in the evaluation of the biliopancreatic tree at MRCP, since 2D MRCP with fasting allows the visualization of ductal structures with high quality and reproducibility in the majority of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/purpose: Recent three-dimensional multidetector row computed tomography (3D MDCT) can provide detailed images of a gastric tumor, including its general contour, location and depth. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of MDCT in the differential diagnosis and staging of gastric tumors in patients prepared for surgery.Methods: Seventy-nine patients with gastric tumors identified by gastric optical endoscopy were admitted for preoperative evaluation. All patients received double-contrast barium meal (DCBM) study and abdominal MDCT with 3D reconstruction before surgery. We compared the accuracy of MDCT with DCBM study in detecting and differentiating gastric tumors. In addition, the MDCT findings were correlated with surgical and pathologic results in gastric cancers for Borrmann type, T and N stages.Results: Among the 79 patients with gastric tumors, there were 24 cases of early gastric cancer, 40 cases of advanced gastric cancer, 12 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and three cases of gastric lymphoma. Both MDCT and DCBM were very accurate in picking up the lesions (100%). The diagnostic accuracies of MDCT and DCBM were similar (94% vs. 96%) in differentiating mucosal and submucosal lesions as well as classification of Borrmann type in advanced gastric cancer (70% vs. 63%). In 64 patients with gastric cancers, there was good correlation between MDCT images and pathology in 73% of T staging and 69% of N staging.Conclusion: MDCT has a similar high accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of different gastric tumors compared with DCBM and provides additional information including tumor depth, lymph node and hepatic metastasis. Therefore, MDCT may be used as a primary tool for preoperative tumor diagnosis and staging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Clinical gene sequencing is growing in importance and cost-effectiveness. In the past two years, the number of genes associated with disease has grown by roughly 25%. Knowledge of genetic variations will soon guide drug selection and dosages, predict risks from toxin exposures, and inform nutritional needs. Despite the significance of sequencing, methods for reporting results are problematic. Frequent use of paper and infrequent use of naming standards impede data exchange and make incorporation into the electronic medical record difficult. Reports often describe only variations found, rather than all data (all patient bases sequenced). Also, reports frequently do not describe reference data used to define variations. These practices create risks for loss of both data and information. Standardized electronic reporting of all data (all bases sequenced and all reference data) and electronic record systems capable of storing these results would both prevent data loss and simplify the preservation of information those data provide. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Transferrin saturation of more than 60% has been identified as a cancer risk factor. It is unclear whether dietary iron intake increases the risk of cancer among individuals with transferrin saturation of less than 60%. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of dietary iron intake and the risk of cancer among adults with increased transferrin saturation.Methods: Analysis of a cohort study, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study, was performed. US adults (aged 25 to 74 years at baseline) were followed up from baseline in 1971-1974 to 1992 (N = 6,309).Results: A total of 7.3% of the US population had a serum transferrin saturation of more than 45% at baseline. Intake of dietary iron was essentially uncorrelated with transferrin saturation (r = 0.04). Compared with individuals who had normal serum transferrin saturation and low dietary iron intake, individuals whose serum transferrin saturation was more than 45% and who had high dietary iron intake also had an increased adjusted relative risk of cancer (2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-4.89). Increased risk was not found for individuals with a transferrin saturation of more than 45% but a normal dietary iron intake (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.69-1.49). Transferrin saturation levels could be set as low as 41%, and the individuals with high transferrin saturation and high dietary iron intake would still have an increased adjusted relative risk of cancer (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.04-3.82).Conclusions: Among persons with increased transferrin saturation, a daily intake of dietary iron more than 18 mg is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Future research might focus on the benefits of dietary changes in those individuals with increased serum transferrin saturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]