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Rosnąca liczba społeczności z powodzeniem kierujących miejskimi dobrami wspólnymi może być postrzegana jako silny ruch w kierunku „odłączenia się” od mitu homo oeconomicus'a, który wciąż pozostaje w centrum kapitalistycznych założeń ekonomicznych. Niniejszy artykuł, mający charakter teoretyczny, przedstawia alternatywny, preferowany scenariusz przyszłego "ustroju wspólnotowego" jako wizji społeczeństwa zbudowanego na innych wartościach niż zachowanie homo oeconomicus'a, wartościach charakterystycznych dziś dla miejskich dóbr wspólnych, zwłaszcza w krajach peryferyjnych. Są to: odpowiedzialność, sieciowanie, współpraca, troska o innych, wzajemność, samopomoc, ciągłe uczenie się i dzielenie się. Podane trzy przykłady miejskich dóbr wspólnych: Torre David, SE VIOME i ogrodów miejskich Bangkok Noi - ilustrują taki system w teraźniejszości - podzielając wskazane wartości i tym samym przyczyniając się do zmiany społecznej. Chociaż dobra wspólne wciąż znajdują się na marginesie rozważań ekonomicznych, podczas gdy korporacje poprzez procesy neokolonizacji dominują w centrum, możliwa jest przyszła transformacja w "system wspónotowy", jak postuluje teoria postkolonialna i teoria aktora-sieci (ANT) omówione w tym artykule. Wizja systemu gospodarczego, opartego na nowym micie wspólnotowym, przyczynia się do wyłaniającego się pola postkapitalistycznych teorii postwzrostowych powstających w cieniu katastrofy klimatycznej i innych nadchodzących kryzysów. An increasing number of communities successfully governing urban commons could be seen as a strong move towards ‘delinking’ from homo economicus myth that still remains at the centre of the capitalist economic assumptions. This paper, theoretical in nature, presents an alternative, a preferred scenario of a future ‘communal system’ as a vision of society built on different values than homo economicus conduct, values that are distinctive for urban commons today, especially in peripheral countries. These are: responsibility, networking, cooperation, caring for others, reciprocity, self-help, continuous learning and sharing. The given three examples of urban commons: Torre David, SE VIOME and Bangkok Noi urban gardens - that illustrate such system in the present - share these values and therefore contribute to social change. Although commons are still at the margins of economic considerations, while corporations through the processes of neo-colonisation dominate the centre, a future ransformation into a ‘communal system’ is possible, as posited by the postcolonial theory and the actor-network-theory (ANT) discussed in this article. Vision of an economic system, based on the new communal myth contributes to the emerging field of postcapitalist, post-growth theories arising in the shadow of a climate catastrophe and other upcoming crises.

El artículo examina con detalle el periodo 2009-2016, el año que precedió y los 6 años que sucedieron al ataque sobre el Mavi Marmara, como un "episodio contencioso". Lo hace a través de un enfoque inspirado en repertorios que ayuda a considerar de forma sistemática y superpuesta las prácticas mixtas de tanto amistad y cooperación, como de enemistad y conflicto, que Turquía ha desplegado hacia, por una parte, Israel y, por otra, la causa palestina. El objetivo principal es así indagar cuál es la relación entre la relación bilateral entre Turquía e Israel y la postura de Turquía frente a la causa palestina, y en última instancia demostrar que el apoyo de Turquía a la causa palestina está desanclado de la relación Israel-Turquía y viceversa, en contradicción con el discurso oficial turco, así como una gran parte de la literatura. The article explores in detail the period 2009-2016, the year that preceded and the six years that followed Israel's attack on the Mavi Marmara, as a "contentious episode". It does so through a repertoire-inspired approach that allows us to systematically and overlappingly examine the mixed practices of both friendship and cooperation, as well as rivalry and conflict, that Turkey has deployed towards, on the one hand, Israel and, on the other, the Palestinian cause. The primary purpose is to observe the connection between Turkey-Israel bilateral relationship and Turkey's position towards the Palestinian struggle. The piece will ultimately demonstrate that Turkey's support for the Palestinian cause is delinked from its bilateral ties with Israel and vice versa, contradicting both the official Turkish discourse and a large part of the literature.

This paper considers the relationship between Samir Amin’s programme for delinking, smallholder agriculture, his theories of ecology, and the current of ecological dependency that developed out of North African dependency analysis. It argues that ecological forms of agriculture in fact underpinned the original case from which Amin derived delinking–the developmental model of Amin’s China. It goes on to show how collaborators and fellow travellers of Amin like Mohamed Dowidar, Fawzy Mansour and Slaheddine el-Amami advanced the case for smallholder-centred national development, and connects their investigations to Amin’s theoretical framework.

Carbon pricing in general and emissions trading in particular are gaining momentum at the world level. In recent years increasing attention has been devoted to the possibility of linking Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs). The purpose of the present paper is to critically discuss the main findings emerging from the theoretical economic literature on linking and to draw lessons from the practical experiences of linking (and delinking). Both theoretical and empirical studies suggest that linking ETSs implies strategic interaction and requires substantial coordination between participants. Based on the theoretical literature and on the (un)successful attempts of linking existing ETSs, the present paper provides policy insights into the opportunity of linking in the real world, highlighting the similarity between linking/delinking and getting married/divorced.

Delinking è un concetto coniato all’interno degli studi economico-sociali e poi ridefinito come dispositivo epistemologico da alcuni esponenti latinoamericani del pensiero sociopolitico decoloniale. Antonio di Campli e Alessandro Gabbianelli riprendono il termine in questo saggio, utilizzandolo per indicare una torsione progettuale utile a identificare composizioni e assemblaggi tra differenze spaziali, sociali, ecologiche, articolata attorno ai concetti di “separazione relazionante” e “dipendenza”, intesi come effetti politici operativi. Il luogo più interessante per la messa alla prova delle ipotesi dei due autori è la foresta, sede di conflitti, di interdipendenze e di relazioni parassite. È il luogo dell’intreccio ma soprattutto della divergenza, della dipendenza, dell’opacità. In questa situazione, più che in altri ambienti, si perde la presunzione che tutto sia controllabile.

The need to prepare science teachers in South Africa to respond to a heterogenous language and literacies context where multilingualism is the norm and where school conditions may shift rapidly is urgent. However, students arrive at university with varying resources and some, due to historical inequality, may not be able to meet the academic literacies demands of the university courses for which they register, and are often institutionally described as “at risk” or underprepared. Drawing on academic literacies and decoloniality theorising, this study examines the apprenticeship into the coloniality of schooling for African language speaking students locating deficit, not in the students but in the lingering colonial ideologies of language and literacy in the schooling and higher education systems. The research uses a qualitative approach and is a case study in the form of a participant intervention that addresses the academic and multiliteracies challenges faced by five African language speakers registered for a one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) in science education at an elite English medium university in South Africa. I also consider whether taking a decolonial approach to academic literacies could expand the students' repertoires of practice and their production of texts in the PGCE programme. In addition, I investigate the participants' early experiences of coloniality in education; the academic and multimodal practices needed by student teachers; how African languages could be used as a resource for learning; and the role spaces outside of the university campus played in developing students' identities as science teachers and in their construction of multimodal repertoires. The theoretical framework draws on decolonial theory (Mignolo 2007; Quijano 2007; Ngugi wa ‘Thiongo 1986) and a social practices approach to academic literacies (Street 1985; Lillis 2001; New Literacy Studies 1993 and the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies; and multimodality e.g. New London Group 2000). The research findings show how African language speaking students' learning and literacies experiences from school to university continue to be shaped by coloniality, specifically the use of English as the language of instruction. Additional findings consider the specific knowledge and experiences student teachers require to successfully navigate university courses and professional practice; and what practices the demystification of academic literacies knowledge entails in a teacher education course. Taking a decolonial approach to academic literacies repositioned the students as capable and demonstrated that the problem lay not with the students, but with the system specifically under-resourced educational practices such as multimodal learning and academic literacies and continuing colonial ideologies of language and literacy.

The transformation of Musée Guimet and the transition of museums in the ‘countries of origin’ of its collections elucidates how white-cube crystallises Western cultural hegemony by erasing the colonial past of the objects and by representing the physical form of modernity. It contributes as well to nullifying the demand of repatriation, which seems to merely raise new power struggles rather than to recover indigenous beliefs (or identities). Through such a muséographie, the deities of the Other are ‘elevated’ from ethnographic specimen into art in the West while ‘diminished’ from sacred icons into art or historical artefacts in Asia. Museumification as such constitutes a whitening (Westernisation) heritage process that physically and epistemologically secularises non-Western faiths. Although the temple-simulated design is applied and limited Buddhist practice allowed in certain exhibition milieu or tourism destination, the phenomenon of museum coloniality is to be further studied should cultural diversity be indispensable for better heritage futures. peerReviewed

Mesoamerica and the Caribbean form a region comprised by middle- and low-income countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic differently. Here, we ask whether the spread of COVID-19, measured using early epidemic growth rates (r), reproduction numbers (Rt), accumulated cases, and deaths, is influenced by how the ‘used territories’ across the regions have been differently shaped by uneven development, human movement and trade differences. Using an econometric approach, we found that trade openness increased cases and deaths, while the number of international cities connected at main airports increased r, cases and deaths. Similarly, increases in concentration of imports, a sign of uneven development, coincided with increases in early epidemic growth and deaths. These results suggest that countries whose used territory was defined by a less uneven development were less likely to show exacerbated COVID-19 patterns of transmission. Health outcomes were worst in more trade-dependent countries, even after controlling for the impact of transmission prevention and mitigation policies, highlighting how structural effects of economic integration in used territories were associated with the initial COVID-19 spread in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este ensayo es analizar la trayectoria de pensamiento crítico sobre el desarrollo desigual del gran intelectual orgánico del Sur, Samir Amin, como maestro para la renovación de los estudios críticos del desarrollo. ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to analyze the trajectory of critical thinking about the uneven development of the great organic intellectual of the South, Samir Amin, as a teacher for the renewal of critical studies of development.

This paper investigates the empirical and theoretical basis of the decoupling between energy throughput and economic growth, with a critical view of the use of the decoupling concept as a policy priority. We provide an analysis of the historical trends of the metabolic pattern of European economies over a period of 18 years focusing on the changes in energy throughput and financial assets. The results show that energy consumption per hour of labor has remained constant, suggesting that no significant changes in production processes or technology have taken place in the productive sectors of the economy. The contribution of this paper is to establish a bridge between the economic analysis of financialization and the societal metabolism analysis of the economic process from a biophysical point of view. We argue that this bridge is crucial to draw attention to the biophysical consequences of financialization (a relative decoupling) and critically assess the pertinence of policies aimed at encouraging the decoupling in the context of increasing inequality. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. The authors would like to thank Mario Giampietro, Jesus Ramos-Martin, Maite Cabeza and Kozo Mayumi for their comments on previous versions of the paper. We are grateful for the comments received from two anonymous reviewers and for the support from the editor.

Starting from therecent history of Portuguese decolonization and the silences within it, this essay puts indialoguetwo critics of thepolicy of their respective countries: the philosophers Eduardo Lourenço (Portugal) and Severino Elias Ngoenha (Mozambique). Both care deeply about the impact colonialism and neo-colonialism have on identity and try to adoptan ethical and responsible attitude. Theirproposals will be discussed starting froma decolonial perspective, followingWalter D. Mignolo, AníbalQuijano and Boaventura de Sousa Santos., Partindo da ainda recente história da descolonização portuguesa e dos silenciamentos em torno da mesma, este ensaio põe em diálogo dois críticos da política dos seus respectivos países: os filósofos Eduardo Lourenço (Portugal) e Severino Elias Ngoenha (Moçambique). Ambos se preocupam profundamente com o impacto identitáriodo colonialismo bem como do neocolonialismo e procuram tomar uma atitude ética e responsável. As suas propostas serão discutidas numa perspectivadecolonial, na linha de Walter D. Mignolo, Aníbal Quijano e Boaventura de Sousa Santos.

U radu se ispituju materijalnopravni i proceduralnopravni aspekti presude Suda pravde Europske unije o pravu pojedinaca da pod određenim uvjetima zatraže da davatelj usluge internetskog preživanja (operator pretraživača) prestane uvrštavati njihove osobne podatke, tj. poveznice na mrežne stranice trećih s tim podacima u rezultatima pretrage po njihovu imenu i onda kada se radi o zakonito objavljenom sadržaju, odnosno o sadržaju koji nije uklonjen s izvorišne stranice. Iako se često popularno naziva „presudom o pravu na zaborav“, to je pomalo zavaravajući naziv budući da informacija o kojoj je riječ neće biti obrisana, tj. ostaje na internetu i budući da uz korištenje drugih kriterija pretrage ostaje dostupna korisnicima usluge pretraživača. Prema dostupnim se podacima građani u Europi u velikoj mjeri pozivaju na pravo na prestanak uvrštenja u skladu s presudom. Ipak, od izricanja presude do danas postavljaju se brojna pitanja u vezi s njezinim izvršenjem. Kod donošenja odluka o osnovanosti zahtjeva nerijetko se radi o kompleksnom pitanju balansiranja prava i interesa na internetu. Posebno sporno pitanje danas tiče se načina provedbe obveze uklanjanja poveznica, a koje određuje lokalan tj. regionalan ili globalan učinak prava pojedinca. Ovaj rad predstavlja doprinos tekućim i razvojnim istraživačkim aktivnostima u vezi s presudom te izvršavanjem u njoj tumačenih prava pojedinaca i obveza operatora pretraživača. Daljnja istraživanja u tom smjeru trebala bi uključivati konkretnu praksu operatora pretraživača kao onih koji donose (prvu) odluku o zahtjevu pojedinca, te nadležnih nadzornih tijela i sudova koji ih nadziru, a koja je danas u razvoju. Na općenitijoj razini može se reći da se presudom utvrđuju temelji ekstrateritorijalne regulacije relevantnih aktivnosti internetskih aktera kod pružanja usluga na europskom tržištu, od kojih značajan broj s prevladavajućim udjelom na tom tržištu nema sjedište na europskom teritoriju. U daljnjim se istraživanjima pitanja provedbe prava i obveza tumačenih u presudi u vezi s obradom osobnih podataka pojedinaca u EU-u u globalnom internetskom okruženju trebaju ispitati i rješenja relevantnog novog pravnog okvira EU-a (prijedlog Opće uredbe o zaštiti osobnih podataka) s predloženim vrlo širokim područjem primjene, a koji je trenutno (još uvijek) u zakonodavnom postupku., The author examines material and procedural aspects of the CJEU's judgment on the right of individuals to seek under certain conditions that the search engine operator delists their personal data, i.e. links to third-party web pages containing that data, in results of search based on their name also in cases where content is lawfully published or not removed from the origin web page. Although often popularly referred to as „decision on the right to be forgotten“, that can be a misleading term since relevant data will not be erased from the Internet and remains available to search engine users using different search terms. According to available data citizens in the EU have been exercising the right to request delisting in accordance with the judgment to a great extent. However, numerous issues emerge in relation to its enforcement. Decision-making on individuals’ request often includes a complex balancing of rights and interests on the Internet. Controversial issue today especially relates to the means of executing links removal, which determines a local (regional) or global effect of relevant individuals’ right. This paper contributes to current and developmental research activities in relation to the judgment and enforcement of individuals' rights and duties of Internet search engines as interpreted therein. Further research in that direction will need to include concrete practice of search engine operators as those making the (first) decision on individuals' requests, and of competent supervisory bodies and courts supervising them, which is currently in development. On a more general level it can be said that the judgment establishes the grounds for extraterritorial regulation of relevant activities of Internet actors providing services on the European market, out of which a significant number with a prevailing share on that market is not established on the European territory. Consequently, further research of open issues relating to enforcement, in a global Internet environment, of rights and duties as interpreted in the judgment will also need to include analysis of relevant new EU framework (proposed General Data Protection Regulation) with a very wide scope as currently proposed, and which is at the moment (still) in legislative procedure.

This paper provides new empirical evidence on delinking and Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKCs) for greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions in Italy. Two panel datasets, sectoral disaggregated National Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) and geographically disaggregated emissions at provincial level, are analyzed. These highly disaggregated datasets provide a very large heterogeneity and can help to overcome the shortcomings of the usual approach to EKC based on cross-country data. We find mixed evidence supporting the EKC hypothesis. The analysis of NAMEA-based data shows that some of the emissions, such as two greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4,) and CO, produce inverted-U shaped curves with coherent within range turning points. Other pollutants (SOX, NOX, and PM10) show monotonic or even N shaped relationship. Evidence also highlights that the aggregated outcome should hide some heterogeneity. In fact, services tend to present an inverted-N shape in most cases. Manufacturing industry shows a mix of inverted-U and N shapes, depending on the emission considered. The same applies to total industry (not only manufacturing): though a turning point has been experienced. N shapes may be important in a policy perspective as the may lead to increased emissions with respect to very high levels of the income driver. The analysis of provincial data shows that inverted-U relationships are present for some of the emissions, such as CH4, NMVOC, CO and PM10, with coherent within-range turning points. Other emission trends show a monotonic relationship (CO2 and N2O), or in some cases an inverted-N shaped relationship (SOX and NOX). In general, EKC evidence is more pronounced for GHGs. Nevertheless, taken jointly, the two analyses suggest that delinking is primarily driven by industrial activities, with private transport and household activities confirming a lower efficiency in environmental terms. Such conclusions may provide interesting suggestions for policy making.

Interculturality is a notion that has come to dominate the debate on cultural diversity among supranational bodies such as the European Union and UNESCO in recent years. The EU goes so far as to identify interculturality as a key cultural and linguistic characteristic of a union which, it argues, acts as an inspiration to other parts of the world. At the same time, the very notion of interculturality is a core component of indigenous movements in the Andean region of Latin America in their struggles for decolonization. Every bit as contingent as any other concept, it is apparent that several translations of interculturality are simultaneously in play. Through interviews with students and teachers in a course on interculturality run by indigenous alliances, my aim in this essay is to study how the notion is translated in the socio-political context of the Andes. With reference points drawn from the works of Walter Mignolo and the concept of delinking, I will engage in a discussion about the potential for interculturality to break out of the prison-house of colonial vocabulary – modernization, progress, salvation – that lingers on in official memory. Engagement in such an interchange of experiences, memories and significations provides not only recognition of other forms of subjectivity, knowledge systems and visions of the future but also a possible contribution to an understanding of how any attempt to invoke a universal reach for interculturality, as in the case of the EU and UNESCO, risks echoing the imperial order that the notion in another context attempts to overcome.

An increasing number of educational policies, academic studies, and university courses today propagate ‘interculturality’ as a method for approaching ‘the Other’ and reconciling universal values and cultural specificities. Based on a thorough discussion of Europe’s colonial past and the hierarchies of knowledge that colonialism established, this dissertation interrogates the definitions of intercultural knowledge put forth by EU policy discourse, academic textbooks on interculturality, and students who have completed a university course on the subject. Taking a decolonial approach that makes its central concern the ways in which differences are formed and sustained through references to cultural identities, this study shows that interculturality, as defined in these texts, runs the risk of affirming a singular European outlook on the world, and of elevating this outlook into a universal law. Contrary to its selfproclaimed goal of learning from the Other, interculturality may in fact contribute to the repression of the Other by silencing those who are already muted. The dissertation suggests an alternative definition of interculturality, which is not framed in terms of cultural differences but in terms of colonial difference. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of the Latin American concept of interculturalidad, which derives from the struggles for public and political recognition among indigenous social movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. By bringing interculturalidad into the picture, with its roots in the particular and with strong reverberations of the historical experience of colonialism, this study explores the possibility of decentring the discourse of interculturality and its Eurocentric outlook. In this way, the dissertation argues that an emancipation from colonial legacies requires that we start seeing interculturality as inter-epistemic rather than simply inter-cultural. Fokus för denna avhandling är spridningen av begreppet interkulturalitet inom utbildning. Utbildningspolicy, akademisk litteratur och mängden kurser i högre utbildning ägnade åt begreppet vittnar alla om dess betydelse i försöken att förena det kulturellt partikulära med det universella. Med Europas koloniala förflutna i åtanke och dess skapande av hierarkier mellan vad som definieras som kunskap, ämnar denna avhandling undersöka vilka kunskaper som krävs för att bli interkulturell. Syftet är framför allt att besvara frågan vad som händer med interkulturalitet om kulturella skillnader istället förstås som koloniala skillnader. Utifrån ett dekolonialt perspektiv som fokuserar på hur skillnader skapas och upprätthålls utifrån föreställningar om kulturella identiteter, analyseras EU-policy, akademisk litteratur samt intervjuer med studenter som avklarat en kurs i interkulturalitet. Analysen visar på hur interkulturalitet, i dess nuvarande tappning, riskerar fastna i en singulär europeisk utblick på världen upphöjd till universell lag. Snarare än att mildra eller förändra maktrelationer och skapa möjligheter till mellanmänskliga möten, riskerar därför interkulturaliteten att bidra till fortsatt förtryck av den som anses kulturellt annorlunda. En alternativ utgångspunkt står att finna i en annan översättning av interkulturalitet – interculturalidad – hämtad från ursprungsbefolkningarnas kamp för att bli synliggjorda, att dela makten, på den offentliga arenan i Bolivia, Ecuador och Peru. Genom att lyfta fram begreppet interculturalidad, som just har sitt ursprung i singulariteten och bär med sig själva erfarenheten av kolonialism, tillförs en möjlig distansering från interkulturalitet med dess implicita eurocentrism. Avslutningsvis argumenteras för att befrielse från kolonialismens ok kräver att interkulturalitet omkodas som inter-epistemisk.