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3. Sample size requirements for riverbank macrolitter characterization

Author

de Lange, Sjoukje I., Mellink, Yvette, Vriend, Paul, Tasseron, Paolo F., Begemann, Finn, Hauk, Rahel, Aalderink, Heleen, Hamers, Eric, Jansson, Peter, Joosse, Nonna, Löhr, Ansje J., Lotcheris, Romi, Schreyers, Louise, Vos, Vivien, van Emmerik, Tim H.M., de Lange, Sjoukje I., Mellink, Yvette, Vriend, Paul, Tasseron, Paolo F., Begemann, Finn, Hauk, Rahel, Aalderink, Heleen, Hamers, Eric, Jansson, Peter, Joosse, Nonna, Löhr, Ansje J., Lotcheris, Romi, Schreyers, Louise, Vos, Vivien, and van Emmerik, Tim H.M.

Abstract

Anthropogenic litter is omnipresent in terrestrial and freshwater systems, and can have major economic and ecological impacts. Monitoring and modeling of anthropogenic litter comes with large uncertainties due to the wide variety of litter characteristics, including size, mass, and item type. It is unclear as to what the effect of sample set size is on the reliability and representativeness of litter item statistics. Reliable item statistics are needed to (1) improve monitoring strategies, (2) parameterize litter in transport models, and (3) convert litter counts to mass for stock and flux calculations. In this paper, we quantify sample set size requirement for riverbank litter characterization, using a database of more than 14,000 macrolitter items (>0.5 cm), sampled for 1 year at eight riverbank locations along the Dutch Rhine, IJssel, and Meuse rivers. We use this database to perform a Monte Carlo based bootstrap analysis on the item statistics, to determine the relation between sample size and variability in the mean and median values. Based on this, we present sample set size requirements, corresponding to selected uncertainty and confidence levels. Optima between sampling effort and information gain is suggested (depending on the acceptable uncertainty level), which is a function of litter type heterogeneity. We found that the heterogeneity of the characteristics of litter items varies between different litter categories, and demonstrate that the minimum required sample set size depends on the heterogeneity of the litter category. This implies that more items of heterogeneous litter categories need to be sampled than of heterogeneous item categories to reach the same uncertainty level in item statistics. For example, to describe the mean mass the heterogeneous category soft fragments (>2.5 cm) with 90% confidence, 990 items were needed, while only 39 items were needed for the uniform category metal bottle caps. Finally, we use the heterogeneity within litter c

Published
2023

4. Where should hydrology go? An early-career perspective on the next IAHS Scientific Decade: 2023–2032

Author

van Hateren, Theresa C., Jongen, Harro J., Alzawaidah, Hadeel, Beemster, Joris G.W., Boekee, Judith, Bogerd, Linda, Gao, Sijia, Kannen, Christin, van Meerveld, Ilja, de Lange, Sjoukje I., Linke, Felicia, Pinto, Rose B., Remmers, Janneke O.E., Ruijsch, Jessica, Rusli, Steven R., van de Vijsel, Roeland C., Aerts, Jerom P.M., Agoungbome, Sehouevi M.D., Anys, Markus, Blanco ramírez, Sara, van Emmerik, Tim, Gallitelli, Luca, Chiquito Gesualdo, Gabriela, Gonzalez Otero, Wendy, Hanus, Sarah, He, Zixiao, Hoffmeister, Svenja, Imhoff, Ruben O., Kerlin, Tim, Meshram, Sumit M., Meyer, Judith, Meyer Oliveira, Aline, Müller, Andreas C.T., Nijzink, Remko, Scheller, Mirjam, Schreyers, Louise, Sehgal, Dhruv, Tasseron, Paolo F., Teuling, Adriaan J., Trevisson, Michele, Waldschläger, Kryss, Walraven, Bas, Wannasin, Chanoknun, Wienhöfer, Jan, Zander, Mar J., Zhang, Shulin, Zhou, Jingwei, Zomer, Judith Y., Zwartendijk, Bob W., van Hateren, Theresa C., Jongen, Harro J., Alzawaidah, Hadeel, Beemster, Joris G.W., Boekee, Judith, Bogerd, Linda, Gao, Sijia, Kannen, Christin, van Meerveld, Ilja, de Lange, Sjoukje I., Linke, Felicia, Pinto, Rose B., Remmers, Janneke O.E., Ruijsch, Jessica, Rusli, Steven R., van de Vijsel, Roeland C., Aerts, Jerom P.M., Agoungbome, Sehouevi M.D., Anys, Markus, Blanco ramírez, Sara, van Emmerik, Tim, Gallitelli, Luca, Chiquito Gesualdo, Gabriela, Gonzalez Otero, Wendy, Hanus, Sarah, He, Zixiao, Hoffmeister, Svenja, Imhoff, Ruben O., Kerlin, Tim, Meshram, Sumit M., Meyer, Judith, Meyer Oliveira, Aline, Müller, Andreas C.T., Nijzink, Remko, Scheller, Mirjam, Schreyers, Louise, Sehgal, Dhruv, Tasseron, Paolo F., Teuling, Adriaan J., Trevisson, Michele, Waldschläger, Kryss, Walraven, Bas, Wannasin, Chanoknun, Wienhöfer, Jan, Zander, Mar J., Zhang, Shulin, Zhou, Jingwei, Zomer, Judith Y., and Zwartendijk, Bob W.

Abstract

This paper shares an early-career perspective on potential themes for the upcoming International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Scientific Decade (SD). This opinion paper synthesizes six discussion sessions in western Europe identifying three themes that all offer a different perspective on the hydrological threats the world faces and could serve to direct the broader hydrological community: “Tipping points and thresholds in hydrology,” “Intensification of the water cycle,” and “Water services under pressure.” Additionally, four trends were distinguished concerning the way in which hydrological research is conducted: big data, bridging science and practice, open science, and inter- and multidisciplinarity. These themes and trends will provide valuable input for future discussions on the theme for the next IAHS SD. We encourage other early-career scientists to voice their opinion by organizing their own discussion sessions and commenting on this paper to make this initiative grow from a regional initiative to a global movement.

Published
2023

5. Where should hydrology go? An early-career perspective on the next IAHS Scientific Decade: 2023-2032

Author

van Hateren, Theresa C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-6079, Jongen, Harro J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7538-4796, Al-Zawaidah, Hadeel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-3224, Beemster, Joris G W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-6689, Boekee, Judith; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-2596, Bogerd, Linda; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-4542, Gao, Sijia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-0527, Kannen, Christin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-4970, van Meerveld, H J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-3270, de Lange, Sjoukje I; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-3501, Linke, Felicia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-0975, Pinto, Rose B; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-9548, Remmers, Janneke O E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-890X, Ruijsch, Jessica; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-7499, Rusli, Steven R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-1553, van de Vijsel, Roeland C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-8101, Aerts, Jerom P M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-4818, Agoungbome, Sehouevi M D; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-3924, Anys, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-9939, Blanco Ramírez, Sara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-6272, van Emmerik, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-9107, Gallitelli, Luca; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-4584, chiquito Gesualdo, Gabriela; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-3397, Gonzalez Otero, Wendy, Hanus, Sarah; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-6964, He, Zixiao; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-8055, Hoffmeister, Svenja; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-1836, Imhoff, Ruben O; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-3528, Kerlin, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-6193, Meshram, Sumit M, Meyer Oliveira, Aline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-4570, Scheller, Mirjam; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3826-8007, et al, van Hateren, Theresa C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-6079, Jongen, Harro J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7538-4796, Al-Zawaidah, Hadeel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-3224, Beemster, Joris G W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-6689, Boekee, Judith; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-2596, Bogerd, Linda; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-4542, Gao, Sijia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-0527, Kannen, Christin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-4970, van Meerveld, H J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-3270, de Lange, Sjoukje I; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-3501, Linke, Felicia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-0975, Pinto, Rose B; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-9548, Remmers, Janneke O E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-890X, Ruijsch, Jessica; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-7499, Rusli, Steven R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-1553, van de Vijsel, Roeland C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-8101, Aerts, Jerom P M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-4818, Agoungbome, Sehouevi M D; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-3924, Anys, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-9939, Blanco Ramírez, Sara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-6272, van Emmerik, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-9107, Gallitelli, Luca; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-4584, chiquito Gesualdo, Gabriela; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-3397, Gonzalez Otero, Wendy, Hanus, Sarah; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-6964, He, Zixiao; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-8055, Hoffmeister, Svenja; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-1836, Imhoff, Ruben O; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-3528, Kerlin, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-6193, Meshram, Sumit M, Meyer Oliveira, Aline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-4570, Scheller, Mirjam; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3826-8007, and et al

Abstract

This paper shares an early-career perspective on potential themes for the upcoming International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) scientific decade (SD). This opinion paper synthesizes six discussion sessions in western Europe identifying three themes that all offer a different perspective on the hydrological threats the world faces and could serve to direct the broader hydrological community: “Tipping points and thresholds in hydrology”, “Intensification of the water cycle”, and “Water services under pressure”. Additionally, four trends were distinguished concerning the way in which hydrological research is conducted: big data, bridging science and practice, open science, and inter- and multidisciplinarity. These themes and trends will provide valuable input for future discussions on the theme for the next IAHS SD. We encourage other Early-Career Scientists to voice their opinion by organizing their own discussion sessions and commenting on this paper to make this initiative grow from a regional initiative to a global movement.

Published
2023

6. Sample size requirements for riverbank macrolitter characterization

Author

de Lange, Sjoukje I., primary, Mellink, Yvette, additional, Vriend, Paul, additional, Tasseron, Paolo F., additional, Begemann, Finn, additional, Hauk, Rahel, additional, Aalderink, Heleen, additional, Hamers, Eric, additional, Jansson, Peter, additional, Joosse, Nonna, additional, Löhr, Ansje J., additional, Lotcheris, Romi, additional, Schreyers, Louise, additional, Vos, Vivien, additional, and van Emmerik, Tim H. M., additional

Published
2023
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7. Species selection and assessment of eco-engineering effects of seedlings for biogeomorphological landscape experiments

Author

Lokhorst, Ivar R., de Lange, Sjoukje I., van Buiten, Gerard, Selaković, Sanja, Kleinhans, Maarten G., Biogeomorphology of Rivers and Estuaries, Afd. Botanische tuinen, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Biogeomorphology of Rivers and Estuaries, Afd. Botanische tuinen, and Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), landscape experiments, Lotus, Geography, Planning and Development, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Medicago sativa, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Riparian zone, Earth-Surface Processes, Planning and Development, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Resistance (ecology), Geography, Vegetation, biogeomorphology, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Seedling, plant species, Environmental science, Rumex hydrolapathum, bank strength, flow resistance
Abstract

Landscape experiments of fluvial environments such as rivers and deltas are often conducted with live seedlings to investigate effects of biogeomorphological interactions on morphology and stratigraphy. However, such experiments have been limited to a single species, usually alfalfa (Medicago sativa), whereas important environments in nature have many different vegetation types and eco-engineering effects. Landscape experimentation would therefore benefit from a larger choice of tested plant species. For the purpose of experimental design our objective was to identify fast-germinating and fast-growing species and determine their sensitivity to flow conditions during and after settling, their maximum growth, hydraulic resistance and added bank strength. We tested germination time and seedling growth rate of 18 candidate species with readily available seeds that are fast growing and occur at waterlines, plus Medicago sativa as a control. We selected five species that germinate and develop within days and measured properties and eco-engineering effects depending on plant age and density, targeting typical experimental conditions of 0–0.3 m/s flow velocity and 0–30 mm water depth. Tested eco-engineering effects include bank strength and flow resistance. We found that Rumex hydrolapathum can represent riparian trees. The much smaller Veronica beccabunga and Lotus pedunculatus can represent grass and saltmarsh species as they grow in dense patches with high flow resistance but are readily erodible. Sorghum bicolor grows into tall, straight shoots, which add significantly to bank strength, but adds little flow resistance and may represent sparse hardwood trees. Medicago sativa also grows densely under water, suggesting a use for mangroves and perhaps peat. In stronger and deeper flows the application of all species changes accordingly. These species can now be used in a range of landscape experiments to investigate combined effects on living landscape patterns and possible facilitation between species. The testing and treatment methodology can be applied to new species and other laboratory conditions.

Published
2019

8. Species selection and assessment of eco-engineering effects of seedlings for biogeomorphological landscape experiments

Author

Biogeomorphology of Rivers and Estuaries, Afd. Botanische tuinen, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Lokhorst, Ivar R., de Lange, Sjoukje I., van Buiten, Gerard, Selaković, Sanja, Kleinhans, Maarten G., Biogeomorphology of Rivers and Estuaries, Afd. Botanische tuinen, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Lokhorst, Ivar R., de Lange, Sjoukje I., van Buiten, Gerard, Selaković, Sanja, and Kleinhans, Maarten G.

Published
2019

9. Physical experiments of debris-flow generated impulse waves and their dependence on debris-flow properties.

Author

de Lange, Sjoukje I., Santa, Nikoleta, Pudasaini, Shiva P., and de Haas, Tjalling

Subjects
*MOMENTUM transfer, *MULTIPHASE flow, *SAND waves, *HYDRAULICS, *HAZARD mitigation, *WATER depth
Abstract

Debris-flow generated impulse waves can be extremely dangerous for lakeside settlements, and prediction of their characteristics is of major importance for hazard mitigation and management. However, the effects of debris-flow composition on wave generation and evolution are poorly understood. We investigate the influence of multi-phase debris-flow volume, composition (gravel, sand, clay, water) and subaerial outflow slope on wave celerity and amplitude, in a small-scale 3D physical laboratory model. The experimental setup consists of a mixing tank to stir the sediment mixture, a 2.00 m long and 0.12 m wide subaerial outflow channel inclined at 20-40° and a 0.90 m wide and 1.85 m long wave basin inclined at 10°, with a maximum water depth of 0.33 m.When the debris-flow debouches into the water, it transfers a substantial portion of its energy (~15%) by pushing the water forward, until the wave celerity exceeds the subaqueous debris-flow velocity and the wave becomes 'detached'. The pushing of the debris-flow over steepens and accelerates the wave, which increases its non-linearity but does not result in wave breaking.We demonstrate that debris-flow velocity is the main driver for wave celerity and wavelength, while debris-flow momentum (velocity times effective mass) mostly determines (far-field) wave amplitude. An increasing debris-flow velocity increases the momentum exerted on the water by the debris flow, thereby increasing the wave celerity. It also increases duration of the pushing, thereby increasing the wave amplitude, which relation is strengthened by a thicker debris-flow. Debris-flow velocity is enhanced with an increasing water and clay content (up to 22%) of the debris flow, which both have a lubricating effect. Debris-flow thickness and thus effective mass, increase with increasing debris-flow volume. We further show that the existing laws of transfer of momentum of a subaerial debris-flow to the water body is applicable for predictions of wave characteristics generated by a multi-phase debris flows, but that formerly developed (semi-empirical) equations need to be adapted by including debris-flow composition and a sloping wave basin, to be able to make accurate predictions. Our results demonstrate the importance of debris-flow composition on impulse wave generation and evolution, and thus the necessity of including flow composition in predictive models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

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