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Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) pada vaksinasi COVID-19 merupakan kejadian medik yang kemungkinan berhubungan dengan vaksinasi COVID-19. Setiap orang yang telah menerima vaksin tidak semua mengalami KIPI. Namun setiap tubuh orang merespon vaksin berbeda-beda setelah menerima vaksinasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi KIPI yang timbul setelah vaksinasi COVID-19 dosis pertama, kedua, dan booster di Puskesmas Pakis Kabupaten Malang. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengertahui hubungan antara karteristik data peserta vaksin dengan timbulnya KIPI di Puskesmas Pakis Kabupaten Malang setelah menerima dosis pertama, kedua dan booster pada periode bulan Januari 2021 sampai Juni 2022. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang ada dengan menggunakan data rekam medis. Hasil Penelitian ini dapat diketahui dari tabel distribusi frekuensi bahwa 180 peserta vaksin yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan presentase peserta yang mengalami KIPI yaitu 10 orang (5,56%) dan yang tidak mengalami KIPI 180 orang (94,44%). Selain itu dapat diketahui dari diagram bahwa status penerimaan dosis vaksin primer mayoritas diterima pada dosis vaksin Coronavac dan dosis booster mayoritas diterima pada jenis vaksin Moderna di Puskesmas Pakis. Adapun laporan KIPI dari Puskesmas Pakis pada jenis KIPI yaitu pada umumnya berupa demam, sakit kepala (pusing), nyeri pada area suntikan serta mual. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya KIPI yang terjadi setelah vaksin COVID-19 di Puskesmas Pakis pada umumnya berupa demam, sakit kepala (pusing), nyeri pada area suntikan serta mual.

This research has a general objective 1) To study the situation and operations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) outbreak abroad and domestically. And specific objectives 2) To study surveillance patterns, Prevent and control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) In Samut Prakan Provincial Central Prison 3) To make policy recommendations for the development of surveillance models and guidelines, Prevent and control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) In Samut Prakan Central Prison. It's qualitative research. The tools used in the research are documentary research data collection, in-depth interviews from 11 key contributors. Using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions of 8 people. The results showed that 1) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Situation It affects inmates in prisons both in Thailand and abroad. Prisons abroad have imposed measures to reduce overcrowding of inmates by temporarily releasing vulnerable inmates such as the elderly, Persons with underlying medical conditions and pregnant women and inmates who are on trial at court, Inmates are vaccinated, and preventive measures are taken by staff to reduce transmission. Meanwhile, prison operations in Thailand have been implemented in accordance with coronavirus surveillance measures. 2019 Strictly with new inmate care (upstream) Former inmates (midstream) and inmates released (downstream) 2) Surveillance model, Prevent and control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Samut Prakan Central Prison in accordance with the management guidelines "4 M". Starting from the management side, focusing on participatory management, especially with the host hospital, Bang Bo Hospital with good relationships for a long time. Determine the indicators, directs clear operations from inner prisons to other prisons, Adopt bubble & seal principles during the pandemic. Emphasis is placed on vaccine coverage among all staff and inmates. The budget is supported by several of the most important sources of budget: public donations. Personnel: Healthcare workers of prisons and host hospitals, such as: Bang Bo Hospital is very cooperative and helpful. Prison volunteers helped operate. Equipment, Material Side: Aid supplies are managed jointly through the support of host hospitals and between prisons. And 3) important policy recommendations should be managed by continuing to expand the management policy. The management should apply Buddhist management principles to the implementation of disease control surveillance. Manage resources, especially budgets from local government organizations, support increased operations, and develop the necessary medical supplies database model to be ready for use in emergencies.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a global public health problem. However, Indonesia has decided to conduct Face-to-face Learning in the learning process. Schools need to implement strict health protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the school. Schools (teachers and education personnel) have an essential role in monitoring and ensuring the implementation of health protocols. Therefore, socialization about preventing the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) must be done at SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi Regency. The target of the socialization was teachers and education staff at SMAN 15 Muaro Jambi Regency. The Pondok Meja Health Center and the community service team delivered the socialization material using lecture and discussion methods. This activity also measures knowledge before and after socialization. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate using the Wilcoxon test. Seventeen teachers and education staff attended the socialization activity. The results showed that respondents' average level of knowledge before socialization was 7.94, with a standard deviation of 0.899, and after socialization was 8.35, with a standard deviation of 1.455. The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in the respondents' knowledge before and after socialization. However, there was an increase in the average level of knowledge before and after, from 7.94 to 8.35. Through this socialization, it is hoped that schools can improve the implementation of COVID-19 prevention efforts in schools during face-to-face learning.Keywords: COVID-19, prevention, school, socialization

Summary Background and aims The prevalence of malnutrition among adult Filipino patients with COVID 19 is 71.83%. Malnutrition has long been associated with poor outcomes among patients with pneumonia. This may be due to the increased risk of malnourished patients to develop impaired muscle and respiratory function. We aimed to determine the outcomes of adult COVID 19 patients admitted in a tertiary government hospital accordingly to nutrition status and risk. Methods Retrospective study on the adult COVID 19 patients admitted from July 15 to September 15, 2020 who were screened using the Philippine Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition modified Subjective Global Assessment Grade tool. Chi-square or Fisher exact test, as well as Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis with post-hoc Dunn test, as appropriate were done. Survival analysis for mortality was done with right-censored data length of initial admission in days. Cox proportional hazard regression was done to determine the association of the main variables of interest with mortality with a 95% confidence interval. Results Malnourished patients were 30% less likely to be discharged [HR 0.70 95% CI (0.50, 0.97)]; malnutrition was also associated with length of hospital stay as those who were malnourished had longer lengths of hospital stay of about 4 days on the average [HR 3.55 95% CI (0.83, 6.27)]. High nutrition risk was significantly associated with length of hospital stay [HR 4.36 95% CI (0.89, 7.83)]. Conclusion The only risk factor for mortality shown in this study is ICU transfer. Malnutrition, moderate nutrition risk, and high nutrition risk were risk factors of having longer lengths of hospital stays. While only malnutrition was the risk factor for being less likely to be discharged. We reiterate that nutrition assessment and support are important in mitigating the effects of COVID 19.

Current evidence is limited to small studies describing the association between cardiac injury and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies in COVID-19 patients to evaluate the association between cardiac injury and all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury and coagulopathy. Further, studies comparing cardiac biomarker levels in survivors versus nonsurvivors were included. A total of 14 studies (3,175 patients) were utilized for the final analysis. Cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19 was associated with higher risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR]:7.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.69 to 13.01; I2=58%), ICU admission (RR: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.50 to 10.97; I2 = 61%), mechanical ventilation (RR: 5.53; 95% CI: 3.09 to 9.91; I2 = 0%), and developing coagulopathy (RR: 3.86; 95% CI:2.81 to 5.32; I2 = 0%). However, cardiac injury was not associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (RR:3.22; 95% CI:0.72 to 14.47; I2 = 73%) or acute kidney injury (RR: 11.52, 95% CI:0.03 to 4,159.80; I2 = 0%). The levels of hs-cTnI (MD:34.54 pg/ml;95% CI: 24.67 to 44.40 pg/ml; I2 = 88%), myoglobin (MD:186.81 ng/ml; 95% CI: 121.52 to 252.10 ng/ml; I2 = 88%), NT-pro BNP (MD:1183.55 pg/ml; 95% CI: 520.19 to 1846.91 pg/ml: I2 = 96%) and CK-MB (MD:2.49 ng/ml;95% CI: 1.86 to 3.12 ng/ml; I2 = 90%) were significantly elevated in nonsurvivors compared with survivors with COVID-19 infection. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that cardiac injury is associated with higher mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19.

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Since SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in December 2019 (1), approximately 1.3 million cases have been reported worldwide (2), including approximately 330,000 in the United States (3). To conduct population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in the United States, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) was created using the existing infrastructure of the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) (4) and the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET). This report presents age-stratified COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates for patients admitted during March 1-28, 2020, and clinical data on patients admitted during March 1-30, 2020, the first month of U.S. surveillance. Among 1,482 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 74.5% were aged ≥50 years, and 54.4% were male. The hospitalization rate among patients identified through COVID-NET during this 4-week period was 4.6 per 100,000 population. Rates were highest (13.8) among adults aged ≥65 years. Among 178 (12%) adult patients with data on underlying conditions as of March 30, 2020, 89.3% had one or more underlying conditions; the most common were hypertension (49.7%), obesity (48.3%), chronic lung disease (34.6%), diabetes mellitus (28.3%), and cardiovascular disease (27.8%). These findings suggest that older adults have elevated rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and the majority of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 have underlying medical conditions. These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures (e.g., social distancing, respiratory hygiene, and wearing face coverings in public settings where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain)† to protect older adults and persons with underlying medical conditions, as well as the general public. In addition, older adults and persons with serious underlying medical conditions should avoid contact with persons who are ill and immediately contact their health care provider(s) if they have symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html) (5). Ongoing monitoring of hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized patients will be important to better understand the evolving epidemiology of COVID-19 in the United States and the clinical spectrum of disease, and to help guide planning and prioritization of health care system resources.

Objective:To describe the association of clinical characteristics, clinical progression, and outcome of COVID-19 patients in TAK province, Thailand Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tak province, Thailand from June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Results:The statistical analysis was done on the records of 15,442 patients who underwent RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 detection at Tak province during the fourth wave of the outbreak. 53.9% of patients were diagnosed asymptomatic. The overall mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 in this study was 1.81%. Patients with ages over 60 years was associated with increased risk of pneumonia (aOR 5.16, 95% CI 4.52-5.89; P < 0.001) and death (aOR 22.09, 95% CI 12.66-38.53, P < 0.001). Myanmar were also significantly associated with pneumonia (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33, P < 0.001) and death (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.44-2.78, P < 0.001). Chronic Kidney Disease (aOR 3.84, 95% CI 2.31-6.38, P < 0.001) and dyspnea (aOR 4.54, 95% CI 3.27-6.31, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of death as well as the presence of more than one comorbidity (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.99-4.14, P < 0.001). The previous receipt of vaccination regardless of partially (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0 .27; P < 0.001) or fully vaccination (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.19; P < 0.001) was associated with lower odds of mortality.Conclusions:Determining high-risk COVID-19 infected patients can help in the design of appropriate measures and proper management strategies. Ongoing mass vaccination efforts is still an absolutely priority for Thai and non-Thai citizens as a human right to health.

Background and Aims As of November 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) has infected more than 396,000 people in the Philippines. Although no study has been done on malnutrition among a general cohort of patients with COVID 19, it has long been associated with increased mortality and poor long-term outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among patients with COVID 19 admitted in a tertiary government hospital. Methods Cross-sectional study on COVID 19-confirmed patients admitted to the COVID 19 wards from July 15 to September 15, 2020. Nutritional status was assessed using the Philippine Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (PhilSPEN) modified Subjective Global Assessment Grade (SGA) tool. Malnutrition was defined as those with SGA grades B and C. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test of association, as appropriate, was used to identify factors that have a significant association with malnutrition. Furthermore, logistic regression was done on factors with significant association. Results Among the 355 adult patients in the study, 71.83% (255/355) were malnourished [SGA B: 48.73% (173/255); SGA C: 23.10% (82/255)]. The following were shown to have significant association with malnutrition: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) [p-value < 0.001], hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) [p-value 0.002], and chronic kidney disease (p-value 0.033). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that age [OR 1.02, CI 95% 1.00, 1.04, p-value 0.027] and CAP-Moderate Risk (MR) [OR 3.02, CI 95% 1.73, 5.27, p-value < 0.001] are significant predictors of malnutrition. All patients with CAP- High Risk and HAP were malnourished. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition was high (71.83%) in a general cohort of COVID 19 patients as measured by the modified SGA tool. The following are risk factors of malnutrition among patients with COVID 19: age, CAP, and HAP. Nutritional support and management of comorbidities are of paramount importance in the care of patients with COVID 19.

Aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus that causes a variety of clinical syndromes in the lung. The type and severity of airway and parenchymal disease produced by Aspergillus are influenced by the patient's immunologic status and the presence of pre-existing lung disease. There is increasing concern that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be at risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis co-infection particularly in the context of immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies. We present a case report of pseudomembranous aspergillus tracheobronchitis complicated by COVID-19 pneumonia. A 59-year-old female with a medical history of drug-induced interstitial lung disease from methotrexate, rheumatoid arthritis, was admitted to the intensive care unit secondary to dyspnea and hypoxemic respiratory failure. She was diagnosed recently with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with remdesevir and high dose systemic corticosteroids for 14 days. one week after she is re-admitted with shortness of breath requiring high flow nasal cannula. she had a temperature of 38.2°, blood pressure of 110/80 mmHg, heart rate of 90 bpm, and respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min. Chest auscultation was significant for diffuse bilateral inspiratory coarse crackles. She was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics with vancomycin and meropenem. RT PCR COVID test remains positive since the last admission and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies are negative. Arterial blood gas values were pH 7.41, PaCO2 63 mmHg, PaO2 60 mmHg, and SaO2 91%. The complete blood count showed hemoglobin of 10.1 g/L and 16,800 leucocytes, with no growth in blood cultures. Initial CT chest reveals bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities consistent with COVID pneumonia. Subsequently, she was intubated and mechanically ventilated for worsening respiratory failure, empiric micafungin was started. A bronchoscopy demonstrated extensive whitish exudative membranes covering the trachea and both mainstem bronchi. The endobronchial biopsy specimens and bronchial washing fluid revealed Aspergillus fumigatus. Serum Galactomannan and fungitel came back positive. Micafungin was changed to isavuconazole, two days later the patient developed refractory septic shock. Despite using isavuconazole and supportive care, acute deterioration followed with refractory hypoxemia and oliguria, resulting in a fatal cardiac arrest on the sixth day of the intensive care unit stay. Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is an unusual manifestation of IPA accounts for

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was initially identified as the cause of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China and has now rapidly spread throughout the world causing a pandemic. Although, 81% of patients have mild disease (pneumonia), 14% could have severe disease leading to hospitalization and 5% end up in intensive care unit. The mortality of patients in ICU is variable and has been reported to be as high as 80%, particularly the patient who require intubation. Not much is known about the factors leading to progression of hospitalized patient needing ICU care and the predictors of mortality among ICU patients. We did the univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the predictors of mortality in ICU. Method: Retrospective data were collected from consecutive 101 patients admitted from March, 2020 to June, 2020. Data were collected from 5 different community hospitals in Eastern Virginia with varied demographics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to determine the factors associated with progression of hospitalized patient to ICU and the predictors of mortality in ICU. Result: Total 101 consecutive hospitalized patients in 5 community hospitals in Eastern Virginia were enrolled in the study. Total 52/101 patients were admitted into the ICU for respiratory failure. Of these, 40 patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Altogether, 32/52 patients died. Of these 32 patients, 25 had required intubation. Total 22/25 (88%) intubated patients passed away while 3 were successfully extubated. Of these 32 patients, one had mild ARDS, 6 had moderate ARDS and 18 had severe ARDS. Patients aged 60 years and above accounted for >2/3rd of the cases in ICU;mortality rate was higher in this age group as well. The inflammatory markers (CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin) peaked on day 8. The medications like Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Tocilizumab and Remdesivir did not alter the outcomes. Logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) were done in the patients to determine the predictors of ICU admission from floor or ED. Logistic regression analysis was also done in the patients admitted to the ICU to look for the predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Based on logistic regression, none of the demographics (age, sex, race), symptoms, laboratory findings, chest imaging, ventilator settings or treatment identified the predictors of mortality in ICU in patients with COVID 19.

Introduction.An acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), an abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus, is most often caused by malignancies in adults. Occasionally, it may arise from benign causes, such as endoscopic intervention, trauma, and prolonged intubation. Case Presentation. A 24-year old previously healthy pregnant female was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and was intubated. Due to non-reassuring fetal status, an emergency cesarean section was performed at the 36th week of gestation;the baby tested negative for COVID-19 and was separated. Throughout her illness, the patient was treated for recurrent bouts of pneumonia, coupled with findings of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum- all of which were attributed to pulmonary fibrosis from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). A chest and neck CT scan (figure 1), however, confirmed the presence of a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), along with a hyperinflated endotracheal (ET) cuff. A temporizing procedure, involving tracheostomy with an extended length tracheal tube, was performed. The long-term plan was to surgically correct the TEF after nutritional upbuilding and liberation from the ventilator, however the patient succumbed to her infections. Discussion.The findings of a communication between the trachea and the esophagus tie all of these events together: the pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, as well as the recurrent bouts of pneumonia from recurrent aspiration through the fistula. Despite its rarity (0.3-3%), tracheoesophageal fistulas are a very real possibility in patients who require prolonged invasive ventilation. A retrospective study by Fiacchino et al. noted a significant increase in full thickness tracheal lesions in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which may be caused by several factors: the presence of an overinflated endotracheal (ET) cuff, prolonged steroid use, hypoxic injury, as well as possible direct injury of the tracheal mucosa from the Coronavirus itself [1]. This case highlights the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion for tracheal injury in patients who experience prolonged periods of intubation. It also underlies the high morbidity and mortality rate associated with TEF, albeit being a rare disease. Lastly, it highlights yet another possible long-term complication of COVID-19. Reference:[1]Fiacchini G, Trico D, Ribechini A, et al. Evaluation of the Incidence and Potential Mechanisms of Tracheal Complications in Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Published online November 19, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.4148 .

This article chronicles the present situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Nigeria. A systematic search was conducted on three bibliographic databases: MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, and supplemented with grey literature searches to assess studies on the effect of COVID-19 on these individuals in Nigeria with data on this group from December 2019 to July 2020. There were no studies found concerning individuals with IDD in Nigeria. This article argues for an urgent call to action by Nigerian policymakers to make data available to help understand the impact of COVID-19 and to develop and implement appropriate interventions. This article provides steps to support and care for these individuals in Nigeria. Forecasting models are recommended which offer better approaches in yielding accurate predictions and provide valuable decisions in the event of future threats and infectious disease outbreak in Nigeria.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS‐CoV‐2). While children appear to experience less severe disease than adults, those with underlying conditions such as kidney disease may be more susceptible to infection. Limited data are present for children with kidney disease, and there are limited prior reports of pediatric hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19. This report describes the mild clinical disease course of COVID‐19 in two pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease, one on hemodialysis and both on chronic immunosuppression. We review treatment in these patients, as well as our measures to reduce transmission among our hemodialysis patients and staff.

Highlights There are ~ 2-fold increased odds of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a ~ 2-fold increased risk of odds of mortality in patients with history of diabetes mellitus compared to those without diabetes mellitus. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus should be closely monitored if they get infected with COVID-19. Results of meta-analysis showing association of diabetes mellitus with severity (Panel A) of disease and mortality (Panel B) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

This short communication recognizes the underbelly of weak and conflict‐prone health systems in the Middle East and North Africa region in the wake of COVID‐19 pandemic. The communication highlights how the lack of basic resources, absence of a well‐functioning health system and the dearth of well‐coordinated communication channels, can bode ill for the successful fight against COVID‐19. The article elucidates COVID‐19 potential health, social, and economic implications for such countries. The communication cautions that if COVID‐19 is left to incubate and makes a home in weak systems, it will have a much better chance of mutating and coming back to infect many people globally. The communication calls on the international institutions in collaboration with developed nations to be prepared to probe up health systems in weak and conflict‐prone health systems with much‐needed resources in order to nip COVID‐19 in the bud.

The practices of head and neck surgical oncologists must evolve to meet the unprecedented needs placed on our health care system by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Guidelines are emerging to help guide the provision of head and neck cancer care, though in practice, it can be challenging to operationalize such recommendations. Head and neck surgeons at Wuhan University faced significant challenges in providing care for their patients. Similar challenges were faced by the University of Toronto during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003. Herein, we outline our combined experience and key practical considerations for maintaining an oncology service in the midst of a pandemic.

World Health Organization has designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic. During the past several weeks, a considerable burden has been imposed on the Iranian's healthcare system. The present document reviewed the latest evidence and expert opinion regarding the management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the outbreak of COVID‐19 and outlines a practical algorithm for it.

Since December 2019, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread from China worldwide until to be declared a pandemic. To date, worldwide, almost 5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported. It is urgent to address the impact of this pandemic on the obstetric and reproductive medicine, seeking for reorganization strategies of daily practice [1,2]. Although professional bodies and experts have provided specific guidance [2], based on current limited evidences, data on obstetric, neonatal and reproductive outcomes are still partial [3]. In many countries after national lockdown, a Phase 2 started relaxing restrictions. To manage this phase, we recommend adopting rigorous preventive measures. Global lockdown has significantly impacted on new births, especially on those obtained with assisted reproductive technology (ART).

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a life-threatening pandemic to many people around the world due to its severe acute respiratory syndrome and high spread rate. There is no evidence so far to support the spread of this disease through food or food packaging. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns in many industries, including the food industry. During the pandemic, it is important to provide requirements such as water and safe food for the survival and health of society. Generally, unsafe foods pose global health risks. Conditions that put food safety and nutrition at risk limit people's capacity to fight diseases. In this review, it is aimed to evaluate the potential risks of the new coronavirus disease to food safety and provide general information about prevention and control methods.