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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause condyloma acuminatum (CA), which is characterized by a high incidence and a propensity for recurrence after treatment. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of CA. Seryl‐tRNA synthetase (SerRS) is a newly identified, potent anti‐angiogenic factor that directly binds to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) promoter, thereby suppressing its transcription. Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that can promote SerRS expression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on CA and explore combined treatment strategies. The HPV‐infected cell line SiHa was treated with either DMSO, emodin, ALA‐PDT or a combination of emodin and ALA‐PDT. We observed the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and the SerRS‐VEGFA pathway. Our findings demonstrated that emodin targets angiogenesis through the SerRS‐VEGFA pathway, resulting in the inhibition of SiHa cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis (p < 0.001). To verify the therapeutic effect of emodin combined with ALA‐PDT on HPV‐associated tumours in vivo, we established an animal xenograft model by subcutaneously inoculating mice with SiHa cells (n = 4). The results showed that the combination of emodin and ALA‐PDT significantly inhibited the expression of VEGFA to inhibit angiogenesis (p < 0.001), thus showing an inhibitory effect on tumour (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we determined that the mechanism underlying the decrease in VEGFA expression after emodin combined with ALA‐PDT in CA may be attributed to the promotion of SerRS expression (p < 0.001). The combination of emodin and ALA‐PDT holds promise as a novel therapeutic target for CA by targeting neovascularization in condyloma tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condyloma acuminatum (CA), commonly known as anogenital warts, is a prevalent sexually transmitted disease primarily caused by low risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. This case report outlines the successful use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat extensive condyloma acuminatum in a young female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. The patient also had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I. Carbon dioxide laser treatment were initially used to remove some surface warts, followed by PDT, resulting in satisfactory outcomes. After seven sessions, the warty growths were successfully removed. Interdisciplinary collaboration, involving rheumatology, gynecology, and dermatology, facilitated comprehensive management. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of PDT in treating condyloma acuminatum and suggests its potential as an alternative treatment for young SLE patients with similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the clinical efficacy of Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy combined with photodynamic therapy in male patients with condyloma acuminatum. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 male patients with genital warts treated at our hospital. Based on different treatment methods, they were divided into a control group and an observation group, each consisting of 60 cases. The control group received CO2laser treatment, while the observation group received photodynamic therapy and CO2 laser treatment. Levels of lymphocyte chemotactic factor (LTN), human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), T lymphocytes (CD3+), inducible T cells (CD4+), suppressive T cells (CD8+), Male Sexual Function Index (MSFI) scores, Chinese version of the Genital Warts Quality of Life Scale (CECA10) scores, incidence of adverse reactions, recurrence rate, and total treatment effectiveness were compared between groups. After therapy, both groups showed reduced levels of Bcl-2 and TNF-α, but increased levels of IL-12. The observation group had significantly lower Bcl-2, TNF-α and greater IL-12 levels than the control group (p < 0.05). After therapy, both groups showed increased levels of CD3+ and CD4+ but lower levels of CD8+ than before treatment. The observation group had significantly greater CD3+ and CD4+ levels, but lower CD8+ levels than the control group (p < 0.05). The observation group had significantly higher CD3+ and CD4+ levels and lower CD8+ levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). CO2 laser therapy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy demonstrates efficacy in treating male genital warts. This therapy can significantly reduce inflammation, improve immune function, and help improve quality-of-life.

Objective To investigate the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in male patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to develop a model for predicting recurrence risk. Methods Wart samples were collected from 724 CA patients at Jiaozhou Branch of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University from January 2021 to June 2023. Human papillomavirus DNA was extracted and genomic DNA was genotyped. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for recurrence within 6 months after being cured with physiotherapy, and a prediction model for recurrence risk was developed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to verify the prediction value of the prediction model. Results Among 724 CA patients, the main genotypes were HPV 6, 11, 16, and 42. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a disease course of ≥ 6 months, high-risk HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, and the number of warts ≥ 5 were independent risk factors for recurrence (P13.00, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.39% and 83.01%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.863. Conclusions The main genotypes of HPV infection are HPV 6, 11, 16, and 42 in male CA patients. The prediction model for recurrence risk factors has high predictive value for predicting recurrence of CA.

It can not be ignored that human papillomavirus-induced condyloma acuminata (CA) and cervical cancer impact both the physical and mental health of patients. So far, there are no specific drugs to treat HPV infection, but immunotherapy drugs such as therapeutic HPV vaccines and toll-like receptor agonists have made remarkable achievements in clinical practice. The vast majority of patients with immunodeficiency diseases are more susceptible to HPV, which may be related to the altered immunity, increased susceptibility, and potential reactivation of HPV infection. Therefore, the study on the mechanisms of the immune suppression caused by HPV infection is particularly important, which can provide therapeutic rationale for the immunotherapy of HPV infection. Overexpression of Treg cells and Treg/Th17 imbalance in patients with HPV infection are one of the mechanisms that induce immunosuppression. The decreased Th1 cells in peripheral blood of patients lead to the relative dominance of Th2 cells, disturbing Th1/Th2 balance, which plays an important role in the recurrence of CA. Toll-like receptors exert critical role in regulation of innate immunity, while expression levels of toll-like receptors are increased in patients with condyloma acuminatum. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanisms of human immune suppression induced by HPV.

Abstract Objective To identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to explore their probable regulatory mechanisms by establishing coexpression networks. Methods High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to assess genome-wide lncRNA expression in CA and paired adjacent mucosal tissue. The expression of candidate lncRNAs and their target genes in larger CA specimens was validated using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used for the functional enrichment analysis of these candidate lncRNAs and differential mRNAs. The coexpressed mRNAs of the candidate lncRNAs, calculated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, were also analysed using GO and KEGG analysis. In addition, the interactions among differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs)-cis-regulatory transcription factors (cisTFs)-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed and their network was constructed. Results A total of 546 lncRNAs and 2553 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in CA compared to the paired control. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs coexpressed with DElncRNAs were enriched in the terms of cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation, and the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, local adhesion, PI3K/AKT and TGF-ß signaling. We further constructed the network among DElncRNAs-cisTFs-DEGs and found that these 95 DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms of epithelial development, regulation of transcription or gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of 3 pairs of DElncRNAs and cisTFs, EVX1-AS and HOXA13, HOXA11-AS and EVX1, and DLX6-AS and DLX5, was validated with a larger number of specimens using RT‒qPCR. Conclusion CA has a specific lncRNA profile, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs play regulatory roles in mRNA expression through cis-acting TFs, which provides insight into their regulatory networks. It will be useful to understand the pathogenesis of CA to provide new directions for the prevention, clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation of CA.

It can not be ignored that human papillomavirus-induced condyloma acuminata (CA) and cervical cancer impact both the physical and mental health of patients. So far, there are no specific drugs to treat HPV infection, but immunotherapy drugs such as therapeutic HPV vaccines and toll-like receptor agonists have made remarkable achievements in clinical practice. The vast majority of patients with immunodeficiency diseases are more susceptible to HPV, which may be related to the altered immunity, increased susceptibility, and potential reactivation of HPV infection. Therefore, the study on the mechanisms of the immune suppression caused by HPV infection is particularly important, which can provide therapeutic rationale for the immunotherapy of HPV infection. Overexpression of Treg cells and Treg/Th17 imbalance in patients with HPV infection are one of the mechanisms that induce immunosuppression. The decreased Thl cells in pe-ripheral blood of patients lead to the relative dominance of Th2 cells, disturbing Th1/Th2 balance, which plays an important role in the recurrence of CA. Toll-like receptors exert critical role in regulation of innate immunity, while expression levels of toll-like receptors are increased in patients with condyloma acuminatum. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanisms of human immune suppression induced by HPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in male patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to develop a model for predicting recur-rence risk. Methods Wart samples were collected from 714 CA patients at Jiaozhou Branch of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University from January 1011 to June 1013. Human papillomavirus DNA was extracted and genomic DNA was genotyped. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for recurrence within 6 months after being cured with physiotherapy, and a prediction model for recurrence risk was developed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to verify the prediction value of the prediction model. Results Among 714 CA patients, the main genotypes were HPV 6, 11, 16, and 41. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a disease course of 6 months, high-risk HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, and the number of warts = 5 were independent risk factors for recurrence (P < 0.05), while using condom was a protective factor for recurrence in CA patients (P = 0.010). Multiple factor analysis was used to construct recurrence predictive model. The validation results of the ROC curve showed that when logit (P) > 13.00, the sensitivity and specificity were 71. 39% and 83.01%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.863. Conclusions The main genotypes of HPV infection are HPV 6, 11, 16, and 42 in male CA patients. The prediction model for recurrence risk factors has high predictive value for predicting recurrence of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to explore their probable regulatory mechanisms by establishing coexpression networks. Methods: High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to assess genome-wide lncRNA expression in CA and paired adjacent mucosal tissue. The expression of candidate lncRNAs and their target genes in larger CA specimens was validated using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used for the functional enrichment analysis of these candidate lncRNAs and differential mRNAs. The coexpressed mRNAs of the candidate lncRNAs, calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient, were also analysed using GO and KEGG analysis. In addition, the interactions among differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs)-cis-regulatory transcription factors (cisTFs)-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed and their network was constructed. Results: A total of 546 lncRNAs and 2553 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in CA compared to the paired control. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs coexpressed with DElncRNAs were enriched in the terms of cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation, and the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, local adhesion, PI3K/AKT and TGF-ß signaling. We further constructed the network among DElncRNAs-cisTFs-DEGs and found that these 95 DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms of epithelial development, regulation of transcription or gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of 3 pairs of DElncRNAs and cisTFs, EVX1-AS and HOXA13, HOXA11-AS and EVX1, and DLX6-AS and DLX5, was validated with a larger number of specimens using RT‒qPCR. Conclusion: CA has a specific lncRNA profile, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs play regulatory roles in mRNA expression through cis-acting TFs, which provides insight into their regulatory networks. It will be useful to understand the pathogenesis of CA to provide new directions for the prevention, clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anal condyloma acuminatum (CA) is marked by its thorny treatment and high recurrence rate. Although 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) demonstrates significant efficacy and safety in treating anal CA, it does not completely prevent recurrence. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model in predicting the risk of relapse in HIV-negative patients with anal CA following treatment with ALA-PDT. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with anal CA who received combined CO2 laser vaporization and ALA-PDT between January 2013 and May 2023. Patients were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. A nomogram was developed based on factors showing statistical significance in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The discriminative ability and clinical utility of the nomogram were assessed via ROC curves and decision curve analysis, with internal validation performed through bootstrap resampling. Results: Among the 176 patients included, 33 (18.75 %) experienced recurrence, while 143 did not. Independent predictors for recurrence included HPV types, history of anal intercourse, and the number of CO2 laser treatments received. Incorporating these predictors, the nomogram demonstrated a superior diagnostic performance (area under the curve = 0.881, 95 % CI: 0.818–0.935) and a significant net benefit in decision curve analysis. Conclusions: The nomogram accurately predicts the risk of recurrence in HIV-negative patients with anal CA following ALA-PDT. It offers a valuable tool for guiding preoperative clinical decision-making and establishing personalized treatment strategies to minimize the risk of relapse.

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by proliferative lesions in the anogenital region, and its pathogenesis is mainly related to HPV infection and disturbed immune responses. Studies have shown that the incidence of CA is higher in women than in men, and the incidence of CA during pregnancy is higher than that during non-pregnancy. Sex hormones may be related to the occurrence and development of CA. This article reviews the association of estrogen and progesterone with CA, and discusses the possible link of estrogen and CA to the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in cellular immunity during HPV infection, in addition to exploration of the role of estrogen and progesterone in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CA, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CA.

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by proliferative lesions in the anogenital region, and its pathogenesis is mainly related to HPV infection and disturbed immune responses. Studies have shown that the incidence of CA is higher in women than in men? and the incidence of CA during pregnancy is higher than that during non-pregnancy. Sex hormones may be related to the occurrence and development of CA. This article reviews the association of estrogen and progesterone with CA, and discusses the possible link of estrogen and CA to the balance of Thl/Th2 and Thl7/Treg in cellular immunity during HPV infection, in addition to exploration of the role of estrogen and progesterone in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CA, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buschke–Löwenstein tumor (BLT), also called giant condyloma acuminatum is a rare clinical manifestation caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), usually type 6 or 11 (90 %). The BLT is described as a tumor with localized aggressiveness, rather slow but destructive and invasive growth of surrounding tissues, benign histology, low metastatic potential, and a high tendency of recurrence. We present the case of a 55-year old non-immunocompetent man, with beige, cauliflower-like papillomae presented on glans penis and coronal sulcus which increased in size for a few weeks. The lesions were surgically removed, while maintaining negative surgical margins and good cosmetic outcomes.

Anti interleukin (IL)-17A therapy is a common and effective treatment for psoriasis, but there are also risks of infection. In this case, we presented a patient who experienced a swift progression of condyloma acuminatum on the genitals during psoriasis treatment with secukinumab, a human IL-17A antagonist. Through this case, we strongly suspect that anti IL-17A treatment may promote the onset and rapid progression of low-risk HPV-associated condyloma acuminatum.

Introduction Condyloma acuminatum usually occurs in the external genitalia and rarely in the bladder mucosa. Here, we report a case of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder that was detected concurrently with urothelial carcinoma. Case presentation A 42‐year‐old man was referred to our urology department with positive urine cytology for urothelial carcinoma. Cystoscopy revealed a broad‐base nonpapillary bladder tumor. The patient underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Pathological examination revealed urothelial carcinoma, high‐grade pT1, and concurrent resection of condyloma acuminatum. DNA was extracted from the paraffin‐embedded transurethral resection of the bladder tumor tissue specimens. HPV11 was detected in condylomas by PCR and in situ hybridization, whereas HPV was not detected in urothelial carcinomas. Conclusion We report a rare case of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder that was concurrently diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma from the same site.

Background: It has been reported that programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is highly expressed in cells during viral infection, which helps the virus escape host immunity. However, the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and PD‐L1 in condyloma acuminatum and whether they participate in immunosuppression have not been reported. In this paper, we aimed to explore the expression and significance of PD‐L1 in condyloma acuminatum. Methods: The expression of PD‐L1 in the wart of condyloma acuminatum patients and the foreskin of healthy individuals was evaluated. Lentivirus transfection was used to introduce the HPV11‐E7 gene into HaCaT cells to investigate whether HPV infection could affect the expression of PD‐L1. The successfully constructed HPV11‐E7 HaCaT cells were cocultured with Jurkat cells, and Jurkat cell apoptosis and proliferation as well as the Jurkat cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry and cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays. Results: PD‐L1 was highly expressed in keratinocytes of genital warts. Through the construction of a cell model, we found that HPV11‐E7 could upregulate the expression of PD‐L1 in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, HPV11‐E7 HaCaT cells can promote the apoptosis of Jurkat cells, inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells and mediate the cell cycle arrest of Jurkat cells through the PD‐1/PD‐L1 signalling pathway. Conclusions: HPV infection may upregulate PD‐L1 expression in the keratinocytes of genital warts and participate in the inhibition of local T‐cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men can severely affect male health. HPV is closely associated with condyloma acuminatum, penile cancer, anal cancer, oral cavity and oropharyngeal diseases, etc. Studies have shown that HPV vaccine exerts favorable preventive effect on male infectious diseases, especially for special populations. However, low awareness of HPV vaccination among men and the shortage of HPV vaccine supply have led to unsatisfactory HPV vaccination rates among men. In this article, HPV infection in men, preventive effect of HPV vaccination on HPV infection-related diseases and potential barriers of HPV vaccination in men were reviewed. Suggestions were given to promote HPV vaccination in men. Health education about HPV vaccination, related medical counseling services and vaccine development should be strengthened to increase the HPV vaccination rate among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case illustrates the surgical management of a perianal mass, initially misdiagnosed as condyloma acuminatum in a male patient in his late 50s, later identified as invasive squamous cell carcinoma following excision. Despite extensive preoperative evaluation, the lesion's malignancy was confirmed through histopathology. The significant, fungating mass required a multidisciplinary approach, culminating in a pT3 staging and additional wide excision with inferior gluteal artery perforator flap reconstruction. This case underscores the critical importance of surgical diligence and adaptability, highlighting the role of comprehensive surgery in both diagnosis and treatment of complex perianal malignancies, and reaffirms the value of a multidisciplinary team in achieving favourable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanghui Chen, Lan Gao, Peiming Zheng, Yanhong Liu, Pan Li, Huifang Liu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guanghui Chen, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China, Email chengguanghui1601@zzu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aims to analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and the associations of demographic characteristics with HPV infection among women with condyloma acuminatum (CA) in Henan Province of China.Methods: From January 2019 to October 2022, 702 women with CA were sampled for HPV subtypes and surveyed by questionnaire at Henan Provincial People′s Hospital. The HPV genotype was tested by flow-through hybridization after polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: The location of warts was mainly vulva. The age of the subjects was mainly distributed in the 20– 29-year-old, followed by 30– 39-year-old. The most common subtypes were HPV 6 (43.59%), 11 (24.93%), 16 (11.82%), 52 (7.83%), 58 (7.55%), 51 (7.26%), 61 (5.70%), 39 (5.56%), 18 (5.13%), and 54 (4.70%), our results also suggested that HPV 6 and 11 were the dominant genotypes in each age group. The infection of low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) (74.50%) and single HPV (47.01%) were the main categories. In terms of educational level, women with senior high school or above were inclined to infect single and pure-LR HPV. Unmarried status, sometimes or never condom use increased the chances of multiple, pure high-risk (HR) and mixed HPV infections. Women with multiple sex partners were more likely to cause multiple and mixed HPV infections.Conclusion: Our experimental data on the prevalence and subtype distribution of HPV in women with CA could provide valuable reference for preventing CA in Henan Province. The application of the nine-valent vaccine provides a broad prospect for female CA prevention.Keywords: human papillomaviruses, condyloma acuminatum, genetype distribution, prevalence, central China

Introduction: The Buschke–Löwenstein tumor (BLT) is an uncommon sexually transmitted ailment attributed to the human papillomavirus (HPV)—usually the 6 or 11 type (90%)—with male predominance and an overall infection rate of 0.1%. BLT or giant condyloma acuminatum is recognized as a tumor with localized aggressiveness, displaying distinctive features: the potential for destructive growth, benign histology, a rate of 56% malignant transformation, and a high rate of recurrence after surgical excision. There are several treatment choices which have been tried, including laser, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, electrocoagulation, immunotherapy, imiquimode, sincatechins, intralesional injection of 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), isolated perfusion, and local or systemic chemotherapy. In the case of an extensive tumor, preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used for tumor shrinkage, making the debulking procedure safer. HPV vaccines significantly decrease the incidence of genital warts, also decreasing the risk of BLT; HPV-6 and HPV-11 are included in these vaccines. Materials and methods: We present a 53-year-old heterosexual man, hospitalized in our department in June 2021 with a typical cauliflower-like tumor mass involving the perianal region, which progressively increased in size for almost 7 years. The perianal mass was completely removed, ensuring negative surgical margins. The large perianal skin defect which occurred was reconstructed with fascio-cutaneous V-Y advancement flap. There was no need for protective stoma. The literature review extended from January 1980 and December 2022, utilizing Pubmed and Google Scholar as search platforms. Results: Due to the disease's proximity to the anal verge and the limited number of reported cases, arriving at a definitive and satisfactory treatment strategy becomes challenging. The optimal approach entails thorough surgical removal of the lesion, ensuring well-defined surgical margins and performing a wide excision to minimize the likelihood of recurrence. In order to repair the large wound defects, various rotation or advancement flaps can be used, resulting in reduced recovery time and a diminished likelihood of anal stricture or other complications. Our objective is to emphasize the significance of surgical excision in addressing BLT through the presentation of a case involving a substantial perianal condyloma acuminatum, managed successfully with complete surgical removal and the utilization of a V-Y advancement flap technique. In the present case, after 5 months post operation, the patient came back with a buttock abscess, which was incised and drained. After another 5 months, the patient returned for difficult defecation, with an anal stenosis being diagnosed. An anal dilatation and sphincterotomy were carried out, with good postoperative results. Conclusions: The surgical management of Buschke–Löwenstein tumors needs a multidisciplinary team with specialized expertise. The reconstruction techniques involved can be challenging and may introduce additional complications. We consider aggressive surgery, which incorporates reconstructive procedures, as the standard treatment for Buschke–Löwenstein tumors. This approach aims to achieve optimal surgical outcomes and prevent any recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 with type of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the prognosis. Methods Samples of condyloma acuminatum were collected from 101 patients with condyloma acuminatum (all HPV positive) at our hospital from March 2019 to March 2022. Samples were assigned to two groups, i.e., recurrence and non-recurrence according to whether recurrence occurred within 6 months after the treatments. Skin samples of either circumcision or vulvoplasty surgery from 98 individuals were used as the controls. The expression levels of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 mRNA were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), while HPV genotyping test kit was used for HPV genotyping test. Pearson r was used to assess the correlation between miR-34a-5p and JAG1 mRNA levels in the patients with condyloma acuminatum. The ROC curve was used to determine the predictive value of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 mRNA levels for the recurrence of condyloma acuminatum. Results The expression levels of miR-34a-5p were lower, while JAG1 mRNA levels were higher in condyloma acuminatum than in the controls (P

Abstract Background Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the anomalous proliferation of keratinocytes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Fu Fang Gang Liu liquid (FFGL) is an effective externally administered prescription used to treat CA; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and experimentally validate the major active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL. Methods Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and enrichment analysis were used to identify the active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL, which were confirmed through subsequent experimental validation using mass spectrometry, molecular docking, western blotting, and in vitro assays. Results The network pharmacology analysis revealed that FFGL contains a total of 78 active compounds, which led to the screening of 610 compound-related targets. Among them, 59 overlapped with CA targets and were considered to be targets with potential therapeutic effects. The protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that protein kinase B (Akt) serine/threonine kinase 1 was a potential therapeutic target. To further confirm this result, we performed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) assays on HPV 18+ cells after FFGL exposure and conducted enrichment analyses on the differentially expressed genes that were screened. The enrichment analysis results indicated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway may be a key pathway through which FFGL exerts its effects. Further in vitro experiments revealed that FFGL significantly inhibited the activity of HPV 18+ cells and reduced PI3K and Akt protein levels. A rescue experiment indicated that the reduction in cell viability induced by FFGL was partially restored after the administration of activators of the PI3K/Akt pathway. We further screened two active components of FFCL that may be efficacious in the treatment of CA: periplogenin and periplocymarin. The molecular docking experiments showed that these two compounds exhibited good binding activity to Akt1. Conclusion FFGL reduced HPV 18+ cell viability by inhibiting key proteins in the PI3K/Akt pathway; this pathway may represent an essential mechanism through which FFGL treats CA. Periplogenin and periplocymarin may play a significant role in this process.

We herein present the case of a patient with anal condylomatosis concomitant with histoplasmosis, whose diagnosis was only possible through the collection of material and the subsequent evidence of a primary pulmonary focus. Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease whose contamination occurs through the respiratory route, and it can spread to the digestive tract, but the anus is rarely affected. It is important to have a high degree of suspicion to make the diagnosis, especially in immunosuppressed patients.

Poorly controlled and long-standing hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report a 54-year-old woman with an over 20-year history of HS, who had previously undergone wide perineal excision with secondary intention healing and presented with a painful verrucous vulvar plaque and proximal non-healing perineal wound. The patient had four perineal scouting biopsies performed and excisional biopsy with no evidence of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma on histology. Chromogenic in situ hybridization was negative for HPV 16 and 18 mRNA; the patient's HIV and HSV PCR were also negative. Our patient was treated with interferon alfa-2b with notable clinical improvement. There is currently no standardized stepwise approach to monitoring verrucous lesions in HS patients with significant risk factors for SCC. Our report highlights a vigilant approach to monitoring. If scouting biopsies are negative, complete testing for high risk HPV strains (HPV 16 and 18) is warranted. If negative, we recommend follow up every 6 months with no further biopsies except if overt clinical changes are observed. We also recommend treatment of verrucous changes to decrease risk of possible malignant conversion. Interferon alfa-2b was effective in decreasing the verrucous lesion burden in our patient and may be considered.

Abstract Background Condyloma acuminatum is a rare finding of the urinary bladder. There are many morphological variants that exist. It has been previously reported that some of these variants were found to be associated with subsequent or concurrent squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are limited cases that describe this underlying malignancy found in patients with bladder condyloma. Case presentation A 38-year-old African American female presented with condyloma acuminatum of the urinary bladder and underlying squamous cell carcinoma, which also invaded the neighboring uterus, urethra, and anterior vagina. Initial attempts at treatment began with cystoscopic resection of the condyloma; however, due to diffuse transformation, we pursued radical cystectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. Conclusion As such a finding is rare in the urinary bladder, with few reports discussing its association with ensuing squamous cell carcinoma, we hope that this continues to generate awareness and consideration in the treatment of affected individuals.

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the anomalous proliferation of keratinocytes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Fu Fang Gang Liu liquid (FFGL) is an effective externally administered prescription used to treat CA; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and experimentally validate the major active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL. Methods: Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and enrichment analysis were used to identify the active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL, which were confirmed through subsequent experimental validation using mass spectrometry, molecular docking, western blotting, and in vitro assays. Results: The network pharmacology analysis revealed that FFGL contains a total of 78 active compounds, which led to the screening of 610 compound-related targets. Among them, 59 overlapped with CA targets and were considered to be targets with potential therapeutic effects. The protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that protein kinase B (Akt) serine/threonine kinase 1 was a potential therapeutic target. To further confirm this result, we performed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) assays on HPV 18+ cells after FFGL exposure and conducted enrichment analyses on the differentially expressed genes that were screened. The enrichment analysis results indicated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway may be a key pathway through which FFGL exerts its effects. Further in vitro experiments revealed that FFGL significantly inhibited the activity of HPV 18+ cells and reduced PI3K and Akt protein levels. A rescue experiment indicated that the reduction in cell viability induced by FFGL was partially restored after the administration of activators of the PI3K/Akt pathway. We further screened two active components of FFCL that may be efficacious in the treatment of CA: periplogenin and periplocymarin. The molecular docking experiments showed that these two compounds exhibited good binding activity to Akt1. Conclusion: FFGL reduced HPV 18+ cell viability by inhibiting key proteins in the PI3K/Akt pathway; this pathway may represent an essential mechanism through which FFGL treats CA. Periplogenin and periplocymarin may play a significant role in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 with type of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the prognosis. Methods Samples of condyloma acuminatum were collected from 101 patients with condyloma acuminatum (all HPV positive) at our hospital from March 2019 to March 2022. Samples were assigned to two groups, i.e., recurrence and non-recurrence according to whether recurrence occurred within 6 months after the treatments. Skin samples of either circumcision or vulvoplasty surgery from 98 individuals were used as the controls. The expression levels of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 mRNA were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), while HPV genotyping test kit was used for HPV genotyping test. Pearson r was used to assess the correlation between miR-34a-5p and JAG1 mRNA levels in the patients with condyloma acuminatum. The ROC curve was used to determine the predictive value of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 mRNA levels for the recurrence of condyloma acuminatum. Results The expression levels of miR-34a-5p were lower, while JAG1 mRNA levels were higher in condyloma acuminatum than in the controls (P<0.05 for both). Expression levels of miR-34a-5p were negatively correlated with JAG1 mRNA levels in condyloma acuminatum tissues (r=-0.67, P<0.05). The expression levels of miR-34a-5p were lower in the wart body sized ≥10 mm diameter than in that sized <10 mm diameter (P<0.05). In contrast, expression levels of JAG1 mRNA were higher in the wart body sized≥ 10 mm diameter than in that sized <10 mm diameter (P<0.05). The expression levels of miR-34a-5p were lower, while JAG1 mRNA levels were higher in mixed condyloma acuminatum than in either high-risk or low-risk condyloma acuminatum (P<0.05). In comparison to non-recurrent condyloma acuminatum, the expression levels of miR-34a-5p were lower, while JAG1 mRNA levels were higher in recurrent condyloma acuminatum (P<0.05). For prediction of recurrence of condyloma acuminatum, the area under the curves of miR-34a-5p, JAG1 mRNA levels and their combination were 0.767, 0.821 and 0.891, respectively. Conclusions Condyloma acuminatum exhibits high expression levels of JAG1 mRNA and low levels of miR-34a-5p, which both are associated with types of HPV and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condyloma acuminatum is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus. Its prevalence and recurrence rates are high. While there are multiple treatment options for condyloma acuminatum, no single therapy form is effective in achieving complete remission. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was shown to be very promising as a treatment option for condyloma acuminatum. However, for some patients the therapeutic result after a single PDT session is not satisfactory. Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment method for recalcitrant condyloma acuminatum. We hypothesize that suboptimal therapeutic results after a single PDT may be caused by an insufficient penetration of the photosensitizer into the tissue. Here, we applied a combination of superficial shaving and PDT to address this issue. All patients were satisfied with the effect of the treatment, and their quality of life improved significantly. Pain was the major adverse event during treatment but was acceptable to all patients. Therefore, superficial shaving in combination with PDT is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Condyloma acuminatum is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus. Its prevalence and recurrence rates are high. While there are multiple treatment options for condyloma acuminatum, no single therapy form is effective in achieving complete remission. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was shown to be very promising as a treatment option for condyloma acuminatum. However, for some patients the therapeutic result after a single PDT session is not satisfactory. Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment method for recalcitrant condyloma acuminatum. We hypothesize that suboptimal therapeutic results after a single PDT may be caused by an insufficient penetration of the photosensitizer into the tissue. Here, we applied a combination of superficial shaving and PDT to address this issue. All patients were satisfied with the effect of the treatment, and their quality of life improved significantly. Pain was the major adverse event during treatment but was acceptable to all patients. Therefore, superficial shaving in combination with PDT is safe and effective.

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly by HPV DNA types 6 and 11. Except for HPV16 and HPV18, CA caused by other intermediate or high-risk subtypes is rare in clinical settings. Here, we report a case that was positive for HPV73 and 33 and negative for other common subtypes. This case highlights that caution should be taken in cases that are negative for common HPV subtypes but have typical clinical manifestations. That the detection of other subtypes and tissue biopsy should not be ignored.

• This study embarked on a decade-long retrospective study at a single tertiary hospital, aiming to identify predictors and develop a nomogram for predicting recurrence of anal CA among the HIV-negative Chinese population. • Our study identified HPV types, history of anal intercourse, and the frequency of CO 2 laser treatments as significant risk factors for the recurrence of anal CA. • This nomogram incorporating three factors could accurately predict the risk of anal CA recurrence in HIV-negative patients and serves as an effective tool for clinical decision-making. • This tool is crucial for estimating anal CA risk, facilitating communication between patients and physicians, and easing clinical decision-making. Anal condyloma acuminatum (CA) is marked by its thorny treatment and high recurrence rate. Although 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) demonstrates significant efficacy and safety in treating anal CA, it does not completely prevent recurrence. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model in predicting the risk of relapse in HIV-negative patients with anal CA following treatment with ALA-PDT. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with anal CA who received combined CO 2 laser vaporization and ALA-PDT between January 2013 and May 2023. Patients were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. A nomogram was developed based on factors showing statistical significance in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The discriminative ability and clinical utility of the nomogram were assessed via ROC curves and decision curve analysis, with internal validation performed through bootstrap resampling. Among the 176 patients included, 33 (18.75 %) experienced recurrence, while 143 did not. Independent predictors for recurrence included HPV types, history of anal intercourse, and the number of CO 2 laser treatments received. Incorporating these predictors, the nomogram demonstrated a superior diagnostic performance (area under the curve = 0.881, 95 % CI: 0.818–0.935) and a significant net benefit in decision curve analysis. The nomogram accurately predicts the risk of recurrence in HIV-negative patients with anal CA following ALA-PDT. It offers a valuable tool for guiding preoperative clinical decision-making and establishing personalized treatment strategies to minimize the risk of relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Buschke–Löwenstein tumor (BLT) is an uncommon sexually transmitted ailment attributed to the human papillomavirus (HPV)—usually the 6 or 11 type (90%)—with male predominance and an overall infection rate of 0.1%. BLT or giant condyloma acuminatum is recognized as a tumor with localized aggressiveness, displaying distinctive features: the potential for destructive growth, benign histology, a rate of 56% malignant transformation, and a high rate of recurrence after surgical excision. There are several treatment choices which have been tried, including laser, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, electrocoagulation, immunotherapy, imiquimode, sincatechins, intralesional injection of 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), isolated perfusion, and local or systemic chemotherapy. In the case of an extensive tumor, preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used for tumor shrinkage, making the debulking procedure safer. HPV vaccines significantly decrease the incidence of genital warts, also decreasing the risk of BLT; HPV-6 and HPV-11 are included in these vaccines. Materials and methods: We present a 53-year-old heterosexual man, hospitalized in our department in June 2021 with a typical cauliflower-like tumor mass involving the perianal region, which progressively increased in size for almost 7 years. The perianal mass was completely removed, ensuring negative surgical margins. The large perianal skin defect which occurred was reconstructed with fascio-cutaneous V-Y advancement flap. There was no need for protective stoma. The literature review extended from January 1980 and December 2022, utilizing Pubmed and Google Scholar as search platforms. Results: Due to the disease’s proximity to the anal verge and the limited number of reported cases, arriving at a definitive and satisfactory treatment strategy becomes challenging. The optimal approach entails thorough surgical removal of the lesion, ensuring well-defined surgical margins and performing a wide excision to minimize the likelihood of recurrence. In order to repair the large wound defects, various rotation or advancement flaps can be used, resulting in reduced recovery time and a diminished likelihood of anal stricture or other complications. Our objective is to emphasize the significance of surgical excision in addressing BLT through the presentation of a case involving a substantial perianal condyloma acuminatum, managed successfully with complete surgical removal and the utilization of a V-Y advancement flap technique. In the present case, after 5 months post operation, the patient came back with a buttock abscess, which was incised and drained. After another 5 months, the patient returned for difficult defecation, with an anal stenosis being diagnosed. An anal dilatation and sphincterotomy were carried out, with good postoperative results. Conclusions: The surgical management of Buschke–Löwenstein tumors needs a multidisciplinary team with specialized expertise. The reconstruction techniques involved can be challenging and may introduce additional complications. We consider aggressive surgery, which incorporates reconstructive procedures, as the standard treatment for Buschke–Löwenstein tumors. This approach aims to achieve optimal surgical outcomes and prevent any recurrence.

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is important to study the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes before implementing the HPV vaccination program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of CA cases and the distribution of HPV genotypes in Shandong Province, China. One-to-one questionnaire surveys were conducted on all patients diagnosed with CA in sentinel hospitals from Shandong Province, China. HPV genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-reverse dot blot hybridization method. The study enrolled 1185 patients (870 males and 315 females) and found that CA patients are mainly males and sexually active people between the ages of 20 and 40. Recurrence occurred in 34.7% patients. Among the 880 CA patients who underwent HPV typing, the HPV test positivity rate was 91.4%. In these cases, low-risk (LR) HPV infection was predominant, with an infection rate of 91.3%, while high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes were found in 53.5% patients. The most frequent HPV genotypes encountered were HPV6 (57.8%), HPV11 (37.2%), HPV16 (13.7%), and HPV42 (10.3%). HPV6 and/or HPV11 are the main infections in all patients, and more than half of the patients are coinfected with HR-HPV. However, unlike other regions, HPV42 has a higher prevalence rate among CA patients in Shandong Province and is a nonvaccine HPV genotype. Therefore, regular HPV typing helps to understand the characteristics of specific genotypes and the choice of the best type for vaccine coverage.

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily genotypes 6 and 11, cause the majority of cases of anogenital warts (AGW). Although benign, AGW are associated with a substantial economic and psychosocial burden. Several vaccines have been developed to prevent HPV. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and healthcare resource utilization of AGW in Morocco, as well as the associated costs of treatment from the public healthcare perspective. Methods This was a descriptive analysis of questionnaire data obtained via a Delphi panel. The panel consisted of 9 physicians practicing in public hospitals in Morocco (4 dermatologists and 5 obstetricians/gynecologists). The questionnaire collected data on physician and practice characteristics, diagnostic tests and procedures, treatments, and follow-up (including recurrence) of patients with AGW. Questionnaire items on which ≥ 70% of respondents agreed were considered as having consensus. Costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were calculated in Moroccan dirham (MAD) and converted to euros (€) based on official national price lists for public hospitals and the HCRU estimates from the questionnaire. Results The physician-estimated prevalence of AGW in Morocco was 1.6%-2.6% in women and 2.0%-5.3% in men. A mean (median) of 6.4 (4) patients per month per physician sought medical attention for AGW. Simple observation was the most common diagnostic method for AGW in both men and women, and excision was the most prescribed therapy (75%), requiring a mean of 2 visits. Recurrence occurred in approximately 27% of patients. The cost per case of managing AGW, including recurrence, was estimated at 2182–2872 MAD (€207–272) for women and 2170–2450 MAD (€206–233) for men. The total annual cost of medical consultations for AGW in Morocco ranged from 3,271,877 MAD to 4,253,703 MAD (€310,828–404,102). Conclusions Expert consensus indicates that AGW represent a significant burden to the Moroccan public healthcare system. These data can inform policy makers regarding this vaccine-preventable disease.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily genotypes 6 and 11, cause the majority of cases of anogenital warts (AGW). Although benign, AGW are associated with a substantial economic and psychosocial burden. Several vaccines have been developed to prevent HPV. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and healthcare resource utilization of AGW in Morocco, as well as the associated costs of treatment from the public healthcare perspective. Methods: This was a descriptive analysis of questionnaire data obtained via a Delphi panel. The panel consisted of 9 physicians practicing in public hospitals in Morocco (4 dermatologists and 5 obstetricians/gynecologists). The questionnaire collected data on physician and practice characteristics, diagnostic tests and procedures, treatments, and follow-up (including recurrence) of patients with AGW. Questionnaire items on which ≥ 70% of respondents agreed were considered as having consensus. Costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were calculated in Moroccan dirham (MAD) and converted to euros (€) based on official national price lists for public hospitals and the HCRU estimates from the questionnaire. Results: The physician-estimated prevalence of AGW in Morocco was 1.6%-2.6% in women and 2.0%-5.3% in men. A mean (median) of 6.4 (4) patients per month per physician sought medical attention for AGW. Simple observation was the most common diagnostic method for AGW in both men and women, and excision was the most prescribed therapy (75%), requiring a mean of 2 visits. Recurrence occurred in approximately 27% of patients. The cost per case of managing AGW, including recurrence, was estimated at 2182–2872 MAD (€207–272) for women and 2170–2450 MAD (€206–233) for men. The total annual cost of medical consultations for AGW in Morocco ranged from 3,271,877 MAD to 4,253,703 MAD (€310,828–404,102). Conclusions: Expert consensus indicates that AGW represent a significant burden to the Moroccan public healthcare system. These data can inform policy makers regarding this vaccine-preventable disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), also called giant condyloma acuminatum is a rare clinical manifestation caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), usually type 6 or 11 (90 %). The BLT is described as a tumor with localized aggressiveness, rather slow but destructive and invasive growth of surrounding tissues, benign histology, low metastatic potential, and a high tendency of recurrence. We present the case of a 55-year old non-immunocompetent man, with beige, cauliflower-like papillomae presented on glans penis and coronal sulcus which increased in size for a few weeks. The lesions were surgically removed, while maintaining negative surgical margins and good cosmetic outcomes., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly by HPV DNA types 6 and 11. Except for HPV16 and HPV18, CA caused by other intermediate or high-risk subtypes is rare in clinical settings. Here, we report a case that was positive for HPV73 and 33 and negative for other common subtypes. This case highlights that caution should be taken in cases that are negative for common HPV subtypes but have typical clinical manifestations. That the detection of other subtypes and tissue biopsy should not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We encountered HPV6-positive cervical papillary squamous cancer (PSCC) that was difficult to diagnose. The case was initially diagnosed and treated for condyloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of HPV6 infection in PSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verrucous carcinoma is a histopathological type of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, clinically characterized by slow and continuous growth, having a local destructive character, but low metastasis potential. Condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted infection caused mainly by subtypes 6 and 11 of HPV, with subtypes 16, 18 being involved in malignant transformation. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman, hospitalized for a vulvar and perineal vegetative, ulcerated, bleeding tumor, with onset 20 years ago. The therapeutic option was surgical excision of the lesions and long-term oncological monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the expression and significance of TLR9 and NF-κB in condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods The streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression of TLR9 and NF-κB in 50 cases of CA and 20 normal controls. Results The positive expression rates of TLR9 and NF-κB were 94.00% (47/50) and 98.00%(49/50) in CA tissues, and 10.00% (2/20) and 20.00% (4/20) in the normal controls. The staining intensities of TLR9 and NF-κB in CA were significantly higher (++~+++) than those in normal controls (-~+). Positive expression rates and staining intensities of TLR9 and NF-κB were significantly different between CA and normal controls (P

Abstract We encountered HPV6‐positive cervical papillary squamous cancer (PSCC) that was difficult to diagnose. The case was initially diagnosed and treated for condyloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of HPV6 infection in PSCC.

• Vaginal CA is caused by HPV, and often accompanied with HPV infection in other areas. • The conventional therapy for vaginal CA often has an unsatisfactory response and a high recurrence rate due to HPV subclinical and latent infection. • CO2 laser can remove visible warts and then facilitate the penetration of ALA. ALA-PDT can effectively treat latent or subclinical HPV infection and reduce recurrence of CA. • ALA-PDT combined with CO2 laser pretreatment is a safe and effective treatment for vaginal CA. H. Condyloma acuminatum (CA) of the vagina is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection by human papilloma virus (HPV). The treatment efficacy of the conventional methods for vaginal CA is often unsatisfactory with a high recurrence rate. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with CO 2 laser pretreatment is a feasible approach for vaginal CA, but the effectiveness and safety need further evaluation. This study enrolled 15 patients with vaginal CA. All patients underwent CO 2 laser ablation and then ALA-PDT for two or three cycles. The clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated and analyzed during the treatment and 6 months after the treatment. The wart lesions in 4 cases (26.7 %) disappeared after the first treatment. The wart lesions in 5 cases (33.3 %) disappeared after the second treatment. And 6 cases (40 %) needed three treatment cycles before the lesions disappeared completely. The complete response (CR) rate was 93.3 % (14/15) at 2 weeks after three treatment cycles. There were 5 cases (83.3 %) which have complete remission after 2 treatments in warts diameter <1 cm group. There were only 4 cases (44.4 %) which have complete remission after 2 treatments in diameter>1 cm group. All patients had CR without reoccurrence at 6 months after treatment. The side effects mainly included a mild or moderate burning or stinging sensation (26.7 %). There were no infection, ulcers and scars after treatment. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with CO 2 laser pretreatment is a safe and effective treatment for vaginal CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This case reported an 87-year-old patient with giant condyloma acuminatum. • The elderly patient was treated with ALA-PDT, and there was no recurrence after 6 months of follow-up. • ALA-PDT is worth popularizing in clinical practice due to its safety and convenience. Condyloma acuminatum is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus infection and is a benign hyperplastic lesion of the genital and perianal areas. The principle of its treatment is to remove the visible warts as much as possible and to prevent recurrence. Traditional treatment methods of condyloma acuminatum, such as CO 2 laser, liquid nitrogen freezing, surgery, and topical medications, can remove warts. However, these methods have disadvantages such as pain, high recurrence rates, long treatment cycles, and scarring. Aminolevulinic acid/photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), a safe and effective method, has been widely used to treat condyloma acuminatum in recent years. Condyloma acuminatum occurs relatively rarely in elderly patients, in whom treatment is difficult owing to poorer physiological function. We successfully treated an 87-year-old patient with a giant condyloma acuminatum of the glans penis using six sessions of ALA-PDT at 7-day intervals and obtained satisfactory results. No recurrence was observed during a 6-month follow-up. Therefore, ALA-PDT is worth popularizing in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Treatment of the patient with vulvar condyloma acuminatum refractory. • Treatment using the ultrasonic scalpel associated with photodynamic therapy. • Promised results with the ability to reduce the number of sessions and improve the recurrence rate. This is a case report of a patient with vulvar condyloma acuminatum associated with hyperkeratosis and folliculitis, which had been refractory to two previous therapies. The patient had been successfully treated using a combination of promising techniques: the ultrasonic scalpel and MAL photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the correlation between forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) and the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7) in the dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with condyloma acuminatum. Methods From February, 2017 to February, 2018, a total of 120 patients with condyloma acuminatum were enrolled as the case group, with 120 healthy subjects undergoing routine physical examination during the same period as the control group. The expression levels of TLR9 and IRF-7 in the DCs and Foxp3 expression levels in the PBLCs were compared between the 2 groups, and the correlation between Foxp3 in the PBLCs and TLR9 and IRF-7 expression in the DCs was analyzed. Results TLR9 and IRF-7 levels in the DCs were significantly higher in the case group than in the healthy control group, and their levels were significantly higher in the patients with disease relapse than those with the first-episode disease. The levels of Foxp3, PD-1, PD-L1 and CD8 in the PBLCs were significantly higher, while the levels of RORγt mRNA and CD4 in the PBLCs were significantly lower in the case group than the healthy control group. In the case group, the levels of Foxp3, PD-1, PD-L1 and CD8 were significantly higher in the relapse group than in the first-episode disease group; The levels of RORγt mRNA and CD4 were significantly lower in the relapse group than the control group. In the patients with condyloma acuminatum, Foxp3 level in the PBLCs was significantly correlated with the levels of TLR9 and IRF-7 in the DCs. Conclusion In patients with condyloma acuminatum, Foxp3 level in the PBLCs is correlated with the changes in TLR9 and IRF-7 levels in the DCs, suggesting their roles all as stimulatory molecules that participate in the disease progression.

Background: Hyperthermia has proved successful in treating cutaneous human papillomavirus infectious diseases such as plantar wart and condyloma acuminata (CA). Moreover, this treatment provides improved therapeutic efficacy in these conditions as compared with conventional therapies. Objectives: To investigate the global proteome changes in CA in response to hyperthermia and achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of hyperthermia therapy against HPV-infectious diseases. Methods: CA tissue was obtained from patients undergoing pathological examinations. Diagnosis was verified as based on results of both HE staining and HPV-DNA PCR assay. Hyperthermia was achieved with a 44 °C water bath. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by iTRAQ labeling, SCX chromatography and LC-MS/MS assay. Validation of proteomic results was performed using real-time qPCR and western blot, while bioinformatic analysis of DEPs was accomplished by R 3.4.1, STRING and Cytoscape softwares. Results: In response to hyperthermia, a total of 102 DEPs were identified with 37 being upregulated and 65 downregulated. Among these DEPs, hyperthermia induced proteins involved with anti-viral processes such as OAS1, MX1, BANF1, CANX and AP1S1, whereas it inhibited proteins that participated in cellular metabolism, such as GALT, H6PD, EXOSC4 and EXOSC6; protein translation, such as RPS4Y1; as well as keratinocyte differentiation, such as KRT5, KRT27, KRT75, KRT76 and H2AFY2. Conclusions: Hyperthermia inhibited enzymes and molecules responsible for metabolism modulation and keratinocyte differentiation in CA tissue, whereas it promoted factors involved in anti-viral responses. Such effects may, in part, contribute to the efficacy of local hyperthermia therapy against HPV infection.

A 23-year-old woman of low socioeconomic status presented to our obstetric department reporting pain in the perineal area, occasional bleeding during defecation and discomfort at the sitting position. The woman was nulliparous, at the 34th week of gestation and had an unattended pregnancy, since she had never visited a healthcare provider the last three years. Physical examination revealed multiple, irregular vegetative lesions covering the perianal region. These cauliflower-like masses where hard and painless with maximum diameter 10cm, while vagina and vulva were free of warts. The patient was scheduled for elective caesarean section at the 38th week of pregnancy, because large warts were blocking the natural birth canal. She was referred to a tertiary health care unit for further counselling and treatment after postpartum period.

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA) of the vagina is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection by human papilloma virus (HPV). The treatment efficacy of the conventional methods for vaginal CA is often unsatisfactory with a high recurrence rate. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with CO 2 laser pretreatment is a feasible approach for vaginal CA, but the effectiveness and safety need further evaluation., Methods: This study enrolled 15 patients with vaginal CA. All patients underwent CO 2 laser ablation and then ALA-PDT for two or three cycles. The clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated and analyzed during the treatment and 6 months after the treatment., Results: The wart lesions in 4 cases (26.7 %) disappeared after the first treatment. The wart lesions in 5 cases (33.3 %) disappeared after the second treatment. And 6 cases (40 %) needed three treatment cycles before the lesions disappeared completely. The complete response (CR) rate was 93.3 % (14/15) at 2 weeks after three treatment cycles. There were 5 cases (83.3 %) which have complete remission after 2 treatments in warts diameter <1 cm group. There were only 4 cases (44.4 %) which have complete remission after 2 treatments in diameter>1 cm group. All patients had CR without reoccurrence at 6 months after treatment. The side effects mainly included a mild or moderate burning or stinging sensation (26.7 %). There were no infection, ulcers and scars after treatment., Conclusion: Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with CO 2 laser pretreatment is a safe and effective treatment for vaginal CA., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

We present a case of a 28 year old man presenting with obstructive urinary tract symptoms and cystoscopic findings of pan-urethral, occlusive condylomata acuminata (urethral genital warts). We describe the in rooms administration process of 5-fluorouracil over an 8 week period with follow up cystoscopy results. Urine flow rates improved early in the treatment course from a maximum flow of 7ml/s to 19ml/s and a post void residual improvement from 311ml to 160ml. Significant volume reduction of the warts was achieved allowing for limited treatment with cold excision to minimise urethral stricture risk in a young man.