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This paper discussed the reliability of the reported release and transfer of chemical substances under the Japanese Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) in terms of the estimation techniques.Our questionnaire surveys to PRTR-reporting facilities revealed the following. The reported releases/transfer to public water bodies, soil, on-site landfill, and sewage treatment were reported as zero in most cases due to that no releases/transfers were expected at the facilities. Regarding the release to air and the transfer to waste treatment, in half the cases where the reported data estimated based on mass balance (10% of the total reported data), the releases/transfers occupy less than 0.01 of the production/use amounts, suggesting that these data may deviate from the actual amount by one order of magnitude. Half of the reported data estimated using direct monitoring (5% of the total reported data) were not sufficiently reliable because they were based on annual or biannual measurements, even though the emission concentration variations were unknown. Approximately 30-40% of the reported data estimated using emission factors (10% of the total reported data) were based on the factors from literature or unknown sources. The reliability of these releases/transfers depends on the applicability of the factor to individual facility., This is the authors’ provisional translation of the following Japanese original article published in Environmental Science (Kankyo-kagaku-kai-shi) by the Society of Environmental Science, Japan Oguchi, M., Okubo, S., Tanikawa, N., Nakamura, S., 2022.Environmental Science (Kankyo-kagaku-kai-shi), 35(4): 189–198. doi of the Japanese original article: 10.11353/sesj.35.189

As 3, 3′, 5-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC), a metabolite of thyroid hormones (THs), was previously detected in sewage effluent, we aimed to investigate exogenous TRIAC’s potential for endocrine disruption. We administered either TRIAC or 3, 3′, 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (LT3) to euthyroid mice and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid mice. In hypothyroid mice, TRIAC administration suppressed the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and upregulated TH-responsive genes in the pituitary gland, the liver, and the heart. We observed that, unlike LT3, TRIAC administration did not upregulate cerebral TH-responsive genes. Measurement of TRIAC contents suggested that TRIAC was not efficiently trafficked into the cerebrum. By analyzing euthyroid mice, we found that cerebral TRIAC content did not increase despite TRIAC administration at higher concentrations, whereas serum levels and cerebral contents of THs were substantially decreased. Disruption by TRIAC is due to the additive effects of circulating endogenous THs being depleted via a negative feedback loop involving the HPT axis and heterogeneous distribution of TRIAC among different organs., 甲状腺ホルモンアナログTRIACに注意 --新たな機序を介した内分泌かく乱作用を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-07-10.

Bacteria exist everywhere and pose a threat to human health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a highly reactive chemical substance, can effectively oxidize and break lipids, DNA, protein and other bioactive molecules, leading to the death of bacteria. Modification of manganese oxide on the surface of silicon nanowire arrays deposited with polydopamine (SN@PDA@MnOX) can significantly increase the yield of ROS in a short period of time, which provides SN@PDA@MnOX with a strong chemodynamic antibacterial effect. Both manganese ions and manganese oxides in the reaction system promote the generation of ROS, and their mechanisms of action can be synergistic with each other. The results show that SN@PDA@MnOX can achieve a 99.99% antibacterial effect by using the ROS generated by chemodynamic reactions within 1 hour. SN@PDA@MnOX has great potential as a novel antibacterial material.

Chemical exposure accidents pose a risk of serious injury and property damage if the diagnosis or response is not properly performed after the initial discovery. Due to lack of research on the dynamically changing environment and detection of chemical substances considering symptoms, real-time knowledge services are required, such as rapid diagnosis of chemicals exposed at the accident site and the following early response. In this study, we propose an AI-based analysis system, Symptom-based Expert for Advanced Response to Chemical Hazards (SEARCH), for chemical substance diagnosis from exposure symptoms actively collected for real-time response and mitigation to hazardous material accidents. Knowledge is collected from chemical database such as WISER, PubChem etc., and integrated for the analytics of chemical exposure accidents and contact symptoms. We design and construct ontology and knowledge graph (KG) for 1001 major chemical substances. The built KG is verified using KG embedding models and the performance of each model is compared. The proposed system identifies the substance candidates through KG query and reasoning considering the exposure conditions. Using the symptom KG, the system SEARCH can provide the means to analyze real-time data from the field and transform it into insights and actions related to emergency response.

This paper presents a method to obtain the variations of the entropies of the phases of a chemical substance in its vapor state, which allows deriving, from thermodynamics, the axioms of a quantum theory that conforms to special relativity.

MoO2 is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries, however, the lithiation of bulk MoO2 is usually limited to addition-type reaction at room temperature, and the conversion reaction is hindered because of the sluggish kinetics. Herein, a nanocomposite of MoO2 embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (MoO2/NC) is synthesized through the in situ thermolysis of an organic molybdenum complex MoO2(acac)(phen) (acac = acetylacetone, phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline). Owing to the fact that [MoO2]2+ can be strongly chelated by phen, the molybdenum source in the MoO2(acac)(phen) precursor is highly dispersed, leading to the formation of ultra-small MoO2 nanoparticles in the nanocomposite, which can facilitate the conversion reaction. Moreover, the NC matrix can guarantee a high electrical conductivity and effectively accommodate the volume changes triggered by the conversion reaction. Consequently, the MoO2/NC nanocomposite exhibits outstanding electrochemical properties, including large reversible capacity of 950 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, high-rate capability of 605 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability over 500 cycles as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Ozone (O3) has been shown to accelerate low and high temperature chemistry and is a promising strategy to effectively enhance and control combustion and ignition processes, such as for engines. There has, however, been a lack of experimental investigation of O3 enhancement effects on low temperature chemistry and premixed cool flames. This study undertook a detailed experimental and numerical assessment of O3 enhancement effects on ignition behavior, propagation speeds, flame temperatures, and CH2O production of n-heptane cool flames as functions of O3 addition. Zero-dimensional simulations were used to gain insights into the effects of O3 on two-stage ignition behavior and gradual suppression of NTC phenomena. Propagation speeds of O3-enhanced cool flames were experimentally determined using a flame lift-off technique, and one-dimensional simulations utilizing several full and reduced mechanisms were performed for comparison. Enhancement by O3 versus enhancement by preheating were experimentally compared and analyzed to evaluate relative effectiveness of these enhancement strategies. Finally, downstream temperature measurements and formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging (CH2O PLIF) were performed at different O3 enhancement levels to further elucidate O3 impacts, and numerical simulations were performed to support experimental insights. Results of this study reveal O3 impacts on low temperature kinetics and resulting impacts on low temperature ignition and cool flames.

The potential for replacing the fossil-based Polyoxymethylene (POM) and Polyamide 66 (PA 66) in polymer gear applications with a bio-based Polyamide 6.10 (PA 6.10) was studied and is presented in the article. The use of bio-based plastics is increasing but mostly in undemanding applications like packaging. High-performance plastics are needed in polymer gear transmissions since their operational conditions are far more severe. The potential of bio-based PA 6.10 was studied by means of gear lifespan testing. Additional insights into the process of polymer gear meshing were garnered by simulating all the tested cases with a FEM model of meshing gears. Test gears were manufactured from commercially available materials, making the results useful for gear designers. Encouraging results were observed since the PA 6.10 gears exhibited a 3.5-times longer lifespan than POM gears and a 10-times longer lifespan than PA 66 gears when tested under identical test conditions. The results indicate great potential for replacing fossil-based plastics in polymer gear applications with bio-based polymer materials. The fatigue strength, coefficient of friction, and wear coefficient were determined and compared for the tested materials, facilitating the reliable design of polymer gears.

To realize cost-effectively manufacture of high-performance Si3N4 porous ceramic, a ferrosilicon nitride porous ceramic with an optimized interlocking structure was synthesized by flash combustion synthesis using FeSi75 powder as raw material. And the technology has been improved in many ways to ensure stable industrial production. The theoretical combustion temperature of FeSi75 in N2(g) is up to 4608K, while Si3N4 is unstable. Both adding diluent and designing the preheat temperature of nitrogen are taken to control synthesis temperature below 1600 °C. During synthesis, the Fe–Si liquid phase and SiO(g), which are essential for the selective growth of elongated columnar β-Si3N4 and whisker α-Si3N4 respectively, are formed firstly. Then, nitriding proceed in multiple ways. N diffuses through Fe–Si(l) and reacts with Si to form β-Si3N4, and the growth of elongated β-Si3N4 in Fe–Si liquid follows the dynamic ripening model, which is very fast and effective. Thus, an interlocking structure composed of elongated β-Si3N4 with an aspect ratio above 20 is reached. There is also an indirect nitridation reaction, that is, FeSi75 preferentially reacts with trace O2 in atmosphere to form SiO(g), which is further nitrided to form needle-like α-Si3N4. Needle-like α-Si3N4 is interspersed in the well-developed columnar β-Si3N4, making the structure stronger. Fe finally exists in the form of Fe3Si, which binds the surrounding elongated Si3N4 to form a sea-urchin like unit, making the structure more stable and strengthened. Through control of these reactions, optimizations in microstructure are reached, and the annual output of has reached 25,000 tons. The reaction model is established.

During the recent years, g-C3N4/TiO2 composites have been regarded as efficient photocatalysts for the removal of air pollutants. The combination of these materials gives excellent photocatalytic performances, as each ones advantage covers the disadvantages of the other. In the present study, g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructures were synthesized by mixing chemically exfoliated g-C3N4 with commercial TiO2 P25 in different ratios and were examined for the removal of NOx and acetaldehyde under visible-light irradiation. The results of photocatalytic tests in correlation with the EPR experiments revealed that heterostructures containing higher amount of TiO2 are efficient in systems where the attack of hydroxyl radicals prevails (acetaldehyde), while dominant g-C3N4 content provides effectiveness in systems where superoxide radical anions play the key role (NOx). This outcome is directly coupled with the energy positions of conduction- and valence-band edges of each material.

BAYHAN, NEVRA/0000-0002-7497-2377; Tiryaki, Hasan/0000-0001-9175-0269; Yusuf, Aminu/0000-0003-4169-6529 WOS:000611968800001 Contact resistance and Thomson heat are the two major factors in the analysis of thermoelectric modules that are often being ignored. Each of these factors has an adverse effect on the output performance of a thermoelectric module. In this study, expression for maximum power output that includes both the contact resistance and the Thomson effect has been optimized using genetic algorithm to obtain the optimum geometric parameters of a thermoelectric generator. Each leg has electrical and thermal contact resistances of 2 x 10(-9) Omega m(2) and 1.8 x 10(-4) m(2) K/W, respectively. The results of the optimization for the maximum power output and the energy conversion efficiency for Skutterudites thermoelectric materials operating at a maximum temperature difference of 500 K are 30.1 W and 9.87%, respectively. When only the contact resistances are not included, the results rise by 19.4% for the maximum power output and 11.65% for the energy conversion efficiency. When only the Thomson heat is not included, the result rise by 2.66% for the maximum power output and 5.67% for the energy conversion efficiency. These two factors should always be considered in the analysis of thermoelectric modules, neglecting them can lead to an overestimation of the output performance. Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [216M252, 216M254]; Scientific Coordination Unit of Istanbul University [32641, 35577] Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Grant/Award Numbers: 216M252, 216M254; Scientific Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Grant/Award Numbers: 32641, 35577

In the present era, global challenges are focused to meet the security of energy due to excessive energy demands. The coal and petroleum-based fossil fuels are soon fading out due to current energy-generating units; hence, the energy from renewable energy sources becomes an alternative medium and new scientific investment. Research is carried out to boost the efficiency of these devices. The multifunctional materials having superior properties are the need of the hour to provide insight towards producing low-cost energy devices. A perovskite having the chemical formula Bi1/2(Na1/4Li1/4)TiO3 (BNLTO) is synthesized using a solid-state reaction. The standard techniques were used to investigate the structural and electrical characterizations at various experimental conditions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra elucidated the presence of an orthorhombic symmetry in the synthesized sample. The high dielectric constant and low loss factor is evolved at various frequencies and temperatures. The Nyquist plot depicts the association of the combined effect of grain and grain boundary. The activation energies evaluated from the loss and modulus spectrum are noted as ~ 1.26 eV and 0.81 eV, respectively. The charge carriers contribute to the conduction mechanism at high temperature. Finally, a poled piezoelectric energy harvester is fabricated to check its capabilities for the conversion of small impact from hand palm into electrical energy.

In recent years, visualization technology based on magnetic resonance imaging has been widely used in core flooding experiments and mechanism research. In this research, the visualization of produced oil is realized by subtracting from image signals collected in different displacement stages. The distribution images of the produced oil can be used to clearly analyze the oil displacement characteristics of cores with different permeabilities and chemical agents with different functions. The distribution image of the produced oil shows advantageous and hard-to-reach areas of water flooding in cores with different permeabilities. The SMG dispersion by blocking the dominant water pathway produced remaining oil areas that were difficult to be swept water flooding and then enlarged the swept volume. The produced oil is concentrated at both ends and dispersed in the middle of the core. The polymer flooding by improving the viscosity of water flooding sharply increased the injection pressure and then swept all areas. The distribution image of the produced oil has the characteristics of filamentous continuous advancement.

MXenes, a new class of 2D materials, have recently attracted increasing attention as promising adsorbents for environmental remediation. It has been previously demonstrated that MXenes can successfully capture selected organic dyes from aqueous media; however, to date, the adsorption performance of MXenes for a wide variety of dyes in simulated real-life aquatic environments other than clean laboratory deionized (DI) water has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we systematically investigated the adsorption performance of delaminated Ti3C2-MXenes for six different organic dyes in aquatic media at different pH levels and ionic strengths. Our results strongly suggest the importance of the electrostatic interactions between the ionizable functional groups of MXenes and dyes for removal efficiency. The electrostatic repulsions between negatively charged MXenes and certain anionic dyes reduced the removal efficiencies of MXenes for these dyes in DI water; however, the presence of divalent cations significantly improved the removal efficiencies, possibly owing to the charge screening effects and like-charge attractions mediated by cation binding to the functionalities of dyes and MXenes. These results provide a rational strategy for optimizing the conditions for efficient removal of different types of organic dyes using MXenes.

Currently, developments in the field of quantum dots (QDs) have attracted researchers worldwide. A large variety of QDs have been discovered in the few years, which have excellent optoelectronic, antibacterial, magnetic, and other properties. However, ZnO is the single known material that can exist in the quantum state and can hold all the above properties. There is a lot of work going on in this field and we will be shorthanded if we do not accommodate this treasure at one place. This manuscript will prove to be a milestone in this noble cause. Having a tremendous potential, there is a developing enthusiasm toward the application of ZnO QDs in diverse areas. Sol–gel method being the simplest is the widely-favored synthetic method. Synthesis via this method is largely affected by a number of factors such as the reaction temperature, duration of the reaction, type of solvent, pH of the solution, and the precipitating agent. Doping enhances the optical, magnetic, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, and other properties of ZnO QDs. However, doping elements reside mostly on the surface of the QDs. The presence of doping elements inside the core is still a major challenge for doping techniques. In this review article, we have focused on pure, rare-earth, and transition metal-doped ZnO QD properties, and the various synthetic processes and applications. Quantum confinement effect is present in nearly every aspect of the QDs. The effect of quantum confinement has also been summarized in this manuscript. Furthermore, the doping of rare earth elements and transition metal, synthetic methods for different organic molecule-capped ZnO QDs, mechanisms for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, drug delivery system for cancer treatment, and many more application are discussed in this paper.

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the statistical variability in charge plasma junctionless FinFET (CP-JLF) and junctionless accumulation-mode FinFET (JAM) compared with conventional junctionless FinFET (JLF). The variability in key figures of merits induced by line edge roughness (LER), random dopant fluctuation (RDF), and work function variation is analyzed. Results indicate that JAM and CP-JLF are more immune to LER and RDF than conventional JLF. Furthermore, elevating doping concentration in source while remaining relatively lower in drain is beneficial in reducing RDF-induced current variability in JAM. Besides, the impact of gate length on current variability becomes less significant or even negligible as source doping concentration increases, which helps alleviate more serious RDF upon scaling. Moreover, it is essential for JAM and CP-JLF to control geometry and doping variation in the source side that have major influence on LER and RDF. Overall, JAM and CP-JLF with improved current driving and reduced statistical variability mitigate two main obstacles that hinder conventional JLF.

The use of raw white eggshells (WES) as a catalyst, and promoted WES with acetic acid as a promoted catalyst for study the adsorption of cobalt (CO+2) and lithium (Li+) ions from polluted soils was investigated in this paper. The selection of a treated chemical substance was achieved after performing several experiments under controlled laboratory conditions using three chemical substances covering different range of pH: acidity (acetic acid), neutral (potassium iodide), and alkalinity (baking soda) media to determine the optimal conditions for improving CO+2 and Li+ recovery from soil contaminated samples. Several operating factors were examined in order to detect their corresponding effects on the catalyst behavior. These factors were: pH, incubation time, the initial concentration of CO+2 and Li+ ions, the dose of the WES, and the ambient temperature. The maximum adsorption efficiency of CO+2 and Li+ions were 94 and 85% for promoted WES at the incubation time of 21 and 7 days, pH of 5 and 4, temperature of 50 and 45 °C, and WES dose of 2.5 and 3 g, respectively. A regression equation was developed to investigate the removable percentage for both pollutants at different dosage of ordinary WES. This method introduces an innovative idea for promoting the process of remediation of light and heavy metals using a low-cost adsorbent under controlled laboratory conditions.

Over the past few years, the emission of organic pollutants into the environment has increased tremendously. Therefore, various photocatalysts have been developed for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, a step-scheme BiVO4/Ag3VO4 composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal and chemical deposition process for the degradation of methylene blue.The composite showed strong redox ability under visible light. The 40%BiVO4/Ag3VO4 composite showed excellent photocatalytic degradation properties with a Kapp of 0.05588 min−1, which is 22.76 and 1.76 times higher than those of BiVO4 (0.00247 min−1) and Ag3VO4 (0.03167 min−1), respectively. The composite showed a stable performance and could retain 90% of its photocatalytic activity even after four cycles. The improved catalytic performance of the composite as compared to BiVO4 and Ag3VO4 can be attributed to its novel step-scheme mechanism, which facilitated the separation of the photogenerated charges and increased their lifetime. The photoluminescence measurement results and transient photocurrent response revealed that the composite showed efficient extraction of charge carriers.

We present a convergent synthetic route towards boron–nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BN-PAHs) that allowed us to synthesize six derivatives. Starting from the conjunction of a 1,2-azaborinine nucleophile and various aryl electrophiles, the key step was the extension of the aromatic system via an electrophilic ring closure of the respective alkyne precursors. Our route allows the use of substituted PAH precursors to be circumvented, which are often unavailable. Instead, it builds up the BN-PAHs solely from easily accessible monocycles. All derivatives were emissive in solution and solid state with quantum yields up to Φlum = 0.40 and small Stokes shifts. The emission wavelengths in solid state were notably dependent on the connectivity of the rings. Due to excimer formation in one derivative, its emission was significantly redshifted with a comparatively slow secondary photoluminescence (PL) decay.

Synthesis of polycrystalline (Pb1-xNdx)(Ti1-xFex)O3(for x = 0.21–0.30) solid solutions using solid-state reaction method has been reported. The structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of the resulting solid solutions have been investigated in detail. The XRD data show that the phase transition occurs at 0.27 ≤ x ≤ 0.28 at room temperature. The dielectric studies show that the transition temperature continuously decreases with increasing “x”. So it is clearly evident from XRD and dielectric data that the tetragonal to cubic phase transition occurs at x = 0.27 to x = 0.28 at room temperature. The remnant polarization (Pr) decreases from 19.78 μC/cm2 to 11.13 µC/cm2 gradually up to x = 0.25 whereas other samples exhibit lossy behavior. The remnant magnetization (Mr) continuously increases from 0.068 emu/g to 0.467 emu/g with composition. All samples exhibit a positive magnetoelectric effect which is the strongest in x = 0.22 sample.

The development of efficient advanced functional materials is highly dependent on properties such as morphology, crystallinity, and surface functionality. In this work, hierarchical flowerlike nanostructures of SrTiO3 have been synthesized by a simple template-free solvothermal method involving poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Molecular dynamics simulations supported by structural characterization have shown that PVP preferentially adsorbs on {110} facets, thereby promoting the {100} facet growth. This interaction results in the formation of hierarchical flowerlike nanostructures with assembled nanosheets. The petal morphology is strongly dependent on the presence of PVP, and the piling up of nanosheets, leading to nanocubes, is observed when PVP is removed at high temperatures. This work contributes to a better understanding of how to control the morphological properties of SrTiO3, which is fundamental to the synthesis of perovskite-type materials with tailored properties.

A feasibility study of microplastic detection and quantification in soil and water using resonance microwave reflectometry is carried out using artificially created samples with a high volumetric concentration of microplastic with $50~\mu \text{m}$ -0.5mm particles size. A mathematical model expressing microplastic concentration in soil and water as a linear function of the measured S11 resonance frequency shift and relative permittivity contrast is developed and is found to be in an excellent agreement with the experimental data based on synthetic contaminated material samples. Next, this model is applied to find the best achievable theoretical resolution of microplastic concentration in the natural environment using microwave sensing technology, which is shown to be at around 100ppm (parts-per-million) level in the linear signal detection regime. It is demonstrated that the best achievable level of microplastic contaminant resolution depends on the sensor probe Q-factor and sensitivity of the microwave receiver. The bound for the achievable contaminant concentration resolution is found in the analytical form for high-Q resonance microwave sensors of arbitrary geometry. Even though several well-established protocols based on optical, infrared, and X-ray spectroscopy are currently being used for microplastic detection in the natural environment, microwave spectroscopy could offer additional benefits, especially for low-cost, real-time in-situ microplastic detection in diverse environmental conditions outside of the laboratory space.

Good resistance to the solvent and excellent adhesion to many substrates are the significant features of polysulfide polymers. They are known to have extensive applications as sealants, adhesives and coatings. In this research, a series of polysulfide polymers of linear organic monomer (ethylene dichloride) and sodium-based aqueous monomers are synthesized using interfacial polymerization and zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as a curing agent. The curing process of the synthesized polymers is studied using a rheometer at 160 °C. The cured and uncured samples are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, Raman, XRD, DSC, Shore A and tensile tests. XRD results showed that cured samples possessed complete amorphous behavior whereas in the non-cured samples the structure shifts to the amorphous phase by increasing the sulfur content. The study of mechanical properties showed that with increasing sulfur content, the elastic modulus and elongation at break were increased. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature and crosslinking density were increased with increasing sulfur content whereas hardness was decreased. Besides, Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that in the cured samples the thermal stability was increased with increasing sulfur content. Also, all samples were resistant to benzine, gasoline, white spirit, engine oil and brake-fluid.

Although structures of the inorganic core of CdS atomically precise quantum dots were reported, characterizing the nature of the metal-carboxylate coordination in these materials remains a challenge due to the large number of possible isomers. The computational cost imposed by first-principles methods is prohibitive for such a configurational search, and empirical potentials are not available. In this work, we applied deep neural network algorithms to train a potential for CdS clusters with carboxylate ligands using a database of energies and gradients obtained from density functional theory calculations. The derived potential provided energies and gradients based on a set of reference structures. Our trained potential was then used to accelerate genetic algorithm and molecular dynamics simulations searches of low-energy structures, which in turn, were used to compute the X-ray diffraction and electronic absorption spectra. Our results for CdS clusters with carboxylate ligands, analyzed and compared with experimental findings, demonstrated that the structure of a cluster whose properties agree better with experiment may deviate from the one previously assumed.

Wave energy is a large-volume renewable, clean and pollution-free new energy source, which is of great significance in solving energy crisis and environmental degradation. Based on the similarity principle between mechanical and electrical system, the equivalent circuit model of the heave-surge double-degree-of-freedom wave energy converter (DDOF-WEC) is established by using the electrical analogue method in this paper. The sufficient condition of the system stability is analyzed using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. It is verified that the DDOF-WEC has higher wave energy capture capability than the single-degree-of-freedom wave energy converter (SDOF-WEC).

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-10 Lithium ion-containing Na+ Super Ionic Conductor (NASICON) electrolytes are important materials for new energy-storage technologies. The NASICON abbreviation represents several compounds with similar structures applied as solid electrolytes, including those conductors of lithium ions. Different methods have been used to synthesize these materials, as well as innumerous other methods used to form the electrolyte in its final shape. The synthesis methods and processing techniques significantly affect the microstructure and conductivity of the electrolyte as a result. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the main synthesis methods and processing techniques applied for lithium ion NASICON production. First, a general view of the NASICON structure and the variety of possible compositions will be discussed. Next, the influence of the synthesis methods (e.g., solid-state reaction, sol-gel, polymeric precursor, sol-gel/electrospinning) and sintering techniques (e.g., conventional, microwave, and Spark Plasma Sintering) will be presented. A special topic will be devoted for glass-ceramics production and evaluation, based on their advantageous ionic conductivity and potentiality for practical use on a large-scale. Moreover, the current results for electrochemical cells simulating the application of these materials in batteries will be presented. Finally, a general point of view of the authors about the future for NASICON electrolytes will be provided, presenting oncoming trends for research. Laboratório de Materiais Fotônicos Instituto de Química Unesp, Prof. Francisco Degni Street, n. 55 Laboratório de Materiais Fotônicos Instituto de Química Unesp, Prof. Francisco Degni Street, n. 55

The comprehensive depiction of the many-body effects governing nanoconfined electrolytes is an essential step for the conception of nanofluidic devices with optimized performance. By incorporating self-consistently multivalent charges into the Poisson−Boltzmann equation dressed by a background monovalent salt, we investigate the impact of strong-coupling electrostatics on the nanofluidic transport of electrolyte mixtures. We find that the experimentally observed negative streaming currents in anionic nanochannels originate from the collective effect of Cl− attraction by the interfacially adsorbed multivalent cations and the no-slip layer reducing the hydrodynamic contribution of these cations to the net current. The like-charge current condition emerging from this collective mechanism is shown to be the reversal of the average potential within the no-slip zone. Applying the formalism to surface-coated membrane nanoslits located in the giant dielectric permittivity regime, we reveal a new type of streaming current activated by attractive polarization forces. Under the effect of these forces, multivalent ions added to the KCl solution set a charge separation and generate a counterion current between the neutral slit walls where the pure KCl conductivity vanishes. The adjustability of the current characteristics solely via the valency and amount of the added multivalent ions identifies the underlying process as a promising mechanism for nanofluidic ion separation purposes.

The layered perovskite (MA)2PbI2(SCN)2 (MA = CH3NH3+) is a member of an emerging series of compounds derived from hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Here, we successfully synthesized (MA)2PbI2-xBrx(SCN)2 (0 ≤ x < 1.6) by using a solid-state reaction. Despite smaller bromide substitution for iodine, 1% linear expansion along the a axis was observed at x ∼ 0.4 due to a change of the orientation of the SCN- anions. Diffuse reflectance spectra reveal that the optical band gap increases by the bromide substitution, which is supported by the DFT calculations. Curiously, bromine-rich compounds where x ≥ 0.8 are light sensitive, leading to partial decomposition after ∼24 h. This study demonstrates that the layered perovskite (MA)2PbI2(SCN)2 tolerates a wide range of bromide substitution toward tuning the band gap energy.