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In order to further promote the application of segment-assembled bridge piers in medium- and high-intensity areas, and to reduce the post-earthquake damage and repair cost of bridge piers, in this paper, a precast segmental concrete-filled steel-tube bridge pier (PSCFSTBP) with an external arched energy dissipation device (AEDD) is proposed. Firstly, the effectiveness of the finite-element analysis software ABAQUS 6.14-4 is proved by the test results of the PSCFSTBP and the corresponding finite-element model analysis results. Secondly, ABAQUS 6.14-4 was used to establish four-segment PSCFSTBP models with four different structural forms (non-energy dissipation device, external arch steel plate, external vertical steel plate, and external AEDD), and the seismic performance of each model was compared and analyzed under reciprocating displacement loading. The results show that compared with the PSCFSTBP with an external AEDD, the lateral bearing capacity of the PSCFSTBP with an external vertical steel plate is increased by about 11.9%, and the initial stiffness is increased by about 2.5%. Compared with the PSCFSTBP with an external arch steel plate, the lateral bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity are increased by 28.8%, 4.6%, and 13 times, respectively. Compared with the PSCFSTBP without an energy dissipation device, its lateral bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity are increased by 39.4%, 10.4%, and 18 times, respectively. The residual displacement of the PSCFSTBP with an external AEDD is kept within 1 mm in the whole displacement loading stage, the offset rate is less than 1%, and the pier damage is controllable, which can realize rapid repair after an earthquake. Finally, the multi-level energy consumption and local replacement of the AEDD are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]