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4 results on '"Zinhle Ngcobo"'

1. Real-world diagnostic accuracy of lipoarabinomannan in three non-sputum biospecimens for pulmonary tuberculosis diseaseResearch in context

Author

Paul K. Drain, Xin Niu, Adrienne E. Shapiro, Zanele P. Magcaba, Zinhle Ngcobo, M William Ngwane, Katherine K. Thomas, Ronit R. Dalmat, Jennifer F. Morton, Elvira Budiawan, Abraham Pinter, Jason Cantera, Caitlin Anderson, Rose Buchmann, Doug Wilson, and Ben Grant

Subjects
Tuberculosis, Lipoarabinomannan, Non-sputum, Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, Diagnostic accuracy, HIV, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Development of a non-sputum test using readily-obtainable biospecimens remains a global priority for tuberculosis (TB) control. We quantified lipoarabinomannan (LAM) concentrations, a pathogen biomarker for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in urine, plasma and serum for real-world diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary TB among people living with and without HIV. Methods: We conducted a prospective diagnostic study among adults with TB symptoms in South Africa. We measured LAM concentrations in time-matched urine, plasma and serum with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using two capture antibodies (FIND 28 and S4–20). From the completed cohort, we randomly selected 210 participants (2 cases: 1 control) based on sensitivity estimates, and we compared diagnostic accuracy of LAM measurements against the microbiological reference standard. Findings: Urine and blood specimens from 210 of 684 adults enrolled were tested for LAM. Among 138 TB-positive adults (41% female), median urine LAM was 137 pg/mL and 52 pg/mL by FIND 28 and S4–20, respectively. Average LAM concentrations were highest in HIV-positive participants with CD4+ T cells

Published
2024
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2. Complementary Nonsputum Diagnostic Testing for Tuberculosis in People with HIV Using Oral Swab PCR and Urine Lipoarabinomannan Detection

Author

Adrienne E. Shapiro, Alaina M. Olson, Lara Kidoguchi, Xin Niu, Zinhle Ngcobo, Zanele P. Magcaba, Mduduzi W. Ngwane, Grant R. Whitman, Kris M. Weigel, Rachel C. Wood, Doug P. K. Wilson, Paul K. Drain, and Gerard A. Cangelosi

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Lipopolysaccharides, Sputum, Humans, Tuberculosis, HIV Infections, Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Abstract

Testing for mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine is a practical but insensitive alternative to sputum testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV (PWH). Here, we evaluated urine LAM testing alongside PCR-based tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in tongue swabs. We hypothesized that the two nonsputum samples would deliver complementary, not redundant, results. The study included 131 South African patients of whom 64 (48.1%) were confirmed to have TB by GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) or culture analysis of sputum. A total of 120 patients (91.6%) were coinfected with HIV and 130 yielded a valid urine LAM result (Alere DETERMINE LAM Ag). Tongue swab samples were tested by IS6110-targeted qPCR with a quantification cycle (Cq) cutoff of 32. Relative to reference sputum testing (TB culture and Xpert Ultra), combined urine LAM and oral swab testing (either sample positive) was significantly more sensitive than either nonsputum sample alone (57% sensitivity for combined testing versus 35% and 39% sensitivity for urine LAM and tongue swabs; P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Specificity of combined testing (neither sample positive) was 97%. On average, tongue swab-positive participants had higher sputum signal strength than urine-LAM positive participants, as measured by sputum Xpert Ultra Cq value (P = 0.037). A subset of tongue swabs (N = 18) was also tested by using Xpert Ultra, which reproduced true positive and true negative IS6110 qPCR results and resolved the two false-positive tongue swabs. With further development, tongue swabs and urine may feasibly serve as complementary nonsputum samples for diagnosis of TB in PWH.

Published
2022
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3. Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Using Sequence-Specific Purification of Urine Cell-Free DNA

Author

Zinhle Ngcobo, M. William Ngwane, Paul K. Drain, Zanele P. Magcaba, Douglas Wilson, David J. Horne, Diana Marangu, Barry R. Lutz, Amy Oreskovic, Nuttada Panpradist, Sindiswa Ngcobo, and Adrienne E Shapiro

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, DNA purification, DNA hybridization, HIV Infections, Urine, Gastroenterology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cohort Studies, cell-free DNA, South Africa, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Internal medicine, diagnostics, Medicine, Humans, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Lipoarabinomannan, sample preparation, business.industry, Sputum, Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, medicine.disease, DNA extraction, urine, PCR, Cell-free fetal DNA, tuberculosis, Biomarker (medicine), medicine.symptom, business, Cell-Free Nucleic Acids, transrenal DNA
Abstract

Transrenal urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising tuberculosis (TB) biomarker, but is challenging to detect because of the short length (

Published
2021

4. Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis using sequence-specific purification of urine cell-free DNA

Author

Nuttada Panpradist, Adrienne E Shapiro, Zinhle Ngcobo, Douglas Wilson, David J. Horne, M. William Ngwane, Diana Marangu, Barry R. Lutz, Amy Oreskovic, Paul K. Drain, Zanele P. Magcaba, and Sindiswa Ngcobo

Subjects
Tuberculosis, business.industry, Urine, Short length, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Biomarker, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell-free fetal DNA, chemistry, Pulmonary tuberculosis, medicine, business, DNA, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract

Transrenal urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising tuberculosis (TB) biomarker, but is challenging to detect because of the short length (

Published
2021

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