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Acrylamide (ACR) is a common toxic substance in foods, which can cause serious damage to human organs and systems, especially the nervous system. At present, there are no appropriate measures to prevent and treat ACR neurotoxicity. In recent years, it has been reported that some natural plant products with high safety for consumption, strong antioxidant activity and low cost can intervene in ACR-induced neurotoxicity. This paper mainly introduces the neurotoxicity of ACR, natural plant products that can intervene in ACR neurotoxicity, and the underlying mechanism of action in order to provide a theoretical reference and research ideas for the treatment of ACR neurotoxicity in multiple ways and though multiple targets, as well as the development and application of natural products against ACR neurotoxicity.

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder disease, and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a naturally antioxidant compound in milk, vegetables, and meat. We aim to identify the treatment efficacy of PQQ on GD and its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota. The GD mice model was built by an adenovirus expressing autoantigen thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (Ad-TSHR289). Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing after PQQ pretreatments (20, 40, or 60 mg/kg BW/day) for 4 weeks. Thyroid and intestine functions were measured. The levels of serum TSHR and T4 were significantly raised, and the thyroid gland size was typically enlarged in the GD group than in controls, reversed by PQQ therapy. After PQQ replenishment, IL6 and TNFα levels in small intestine tissues were lower than those in the GD group, with Nrf2 and HO1 levels improved. Also, the PQQ supplement could maintain the mucosal epithelial barrier impaired by GD. In microbial analyses, PQQ treatment could prompt the diversity recovery of gut microbiota and reconstruct the microbiota composition injured by GD. Lactobacillus served as the most abundant genus in all groups, and the abundance of Lactobacillus was increased in the GD group than in control and PQQ groups. Besides, Lactobacillus was highly correlative with all samples and the top 50 genera. PQQ supplementation regulates thyroid function and relieves intestine injury. PQQ changes the primary composition and abundance of GD’s intestine microbiota by moderating Lactobacillus, which may exert in the pathogenesis and progression of GD.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor survival rate and prognosis. Most patients with pancreatic cancer have no obvious clinical manifestations in the early stage of the disease, and are found to be in the middle and late stage of the disease when they seek treatment.A unique and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is formed during its development and evolution. Due to the occult nature of pancreatic cancer, for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, some traditional treatment methods such as surgical resection and chemotherapy are very limited, and there is a lack of effective treatment programs. Of course, this is also related to the immunosuppression of the TME of pancreatic cancer. Some immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), play an important immunosuppressive role in helping tumor immune escape. Therefore, it is considered to be a major difficulty in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, with the in-depth study of TME, immunotherapy has gradually become a new therapeutic strategy, and has made great progress in the treatment of various malignant tumors. The study found that targeted MDSCs therapy is a new and effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.In this paper, we introduce the role of MDSCs in TME and their progress as potential targets for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer, hoping to provide new directions for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and other tumors.

This paper will start from the concept of smart grid and green energy, analyze the advantages and applications of distributed rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power generation in the energy system, study the significance of PV power generation, as well as the principle of PV power generation, the material and main structure of solar cells, and introduce the basic types of grid-connected photovoltaic systems, system structure, and working principle. It explores how to promote the development of green energy through photovoltaic power generation, and looks forward to its future development trends and challenges.

There are great differences in the types, development levels, and technological costs of renewable energy technologies, and they need to be classified and guided at the same time as comprehensive development. Organizations should formulate development roadmaps and action plans for various renewable energy technologies. At present, there is a game of interest among the selection subjects, and the technology evaluation system has yet to be perfected. The technology selection plan needs to be optimized. The renewable energy industry's technology selection should consider the combination of national responsibility and national obligations, government promotion and market guidance, and actual needs in relation to long-term development. Combined coordination of the impact of dynamic mechanisms, grasp the resource conditions and innovation capabilities of various regions, avoid research and development risks, learn from international trends, and serve development planning.

Objective To observe the immune regulation of embelin against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice, so as to investigate its therapeutic effects on SLE and the possible mechanism. Methods The mouse model of SLE was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL pristane, and urine protein level was detected to confirm the success of modeling. SLE mice then were randomly divided into control group and embelin group (n=5 for each group). The embelin group was given embelin 50 mg/kg by intragastric gavage, 100 μL/time, 3 times a week, while the control group was treated with 1% DMSO+PBS instead. After 1 month of administration, the lymph node size, spleen index and renal index of the mice were measured. The renal pathological changes were observed by HE staining; the serum concentrations of dsDNA, ssDNA and IgG were determined by ELISA; the Th cell subsets and B cell activation indexes were detected by flow cytometry. Results As compared with the control group, the embelin group had significantly reduced lymph node size, spleen index, kidney index, and mean glomerular area (P < 0.01), while elevated ratios of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 (P < 0.05). As for the activation markers, the expression levels of CD69, CD86, MHC-Ⅱ in B cells and CD69, CD154 in Th cells were all obviously decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, embelin treatment remarkably lowered the concentrations of dsDNA, ssDNA and IgG in serum (P < 0.01). Conclusion Embelin plays a therapeutic role in SLE mice by regulating the balance of Th cell subsets and inhibiting the activation of Th and B cells.

Background: Immune‐checkpoint inhibitors are now used more commonly in combination than monotherapy as the first‐line choice in patients with unresectable advanced melanoma. Nevertheless, for cases that progressed after the initial combination therapy, the subsequent regimen option can be very difficult. Herein, we reported the efficacy and safety of a triple combination regimen in Chinese unresectable advanced melanoma patients who had poor responses to the first‐line immune therapy. Methods: We reviewed the clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with stage IIIC‐IV melanoma between June 1, 2020, and September 30, 2023. The patients who failed the prior immune therapies and received anti‐PD‐1 mono antibody plus interferon(IFN)‐alpha 1b and anlotinib hydrochloride as the second‐line therapy were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. Additionally, we examined the exhaustion of T‐cells using mIHC staining in available tumor samples. Results: Fifty‐five patients were included in this study. The median follow‐up period was 13.6 months. The objective response rate evaluated by the investigators was 9.1%(1CR, 4PR). The disease control rate was 47.3%. The median overall survival was 17.6 months, and the median progression‐free survival was 2.8 months. The adverse events rate of any grade was 100%. Grade 3 or 4 irAEs were observed in 29.1% of cases. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining revealed an increased trend of TIM3 expression on tumor‐infiltrating T cells in patients without objective response. Conclusion: PD‐1 monoclonal antibody plus interferon‐alpha 1b plus anlotinib showed acceptable tolerability and anticancer benefits in Chinese metastatic melanoma patients as a second‐line therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure (HF‐PH) combined with pulmonary vascular remodeling has a high mortality rate. Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) has been shown to adversely affect outcomes in patients with HF. A prospective follow‐up study was performed on 239 consecutive patients with HF‐PH who underwent right heart catheterization. Proteomics technology was used to analyze different proteins in plasma between post‐ and precapillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH) and isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (IpcPH) filtered by propensity score matching. Ultimately, 175 patients were enrolled and followed for an average of 4.4 years. Lipoprotein components in plasma were measured, and the following clinical events were tracked. Proteomics data showed that lipid metabolism and inflammation were different between CpcPH and IpcPH. ApoA1 levels in HF‐PH patients with CpcPH were lower than those in HF‐PH patients with IpcPH. The patients with lower ApoA1 levels (≤1.025 g/L) were in a higher New York Heart Association class and had high levels of NT‐proBNP, mean pulmonary artery pressure, PVR, and diastolic pressure gradient. Besides, HF‐PH patients with lower ApoA1 levels had a 2.836‐fold higher relative risk of comorbid CpcPH compared with patients with higher ApoA1 levels. Moreover, patients with lower ApoA1 levels had a lower survival rate after adjusting for CpcPH. In conclusion, ApoA1 levels were negatively correlated with PVR levels. Lower ApoA1 levels were an independent risk factor for pulmonary vascular remodeling in HF‐PH patients. The survival of HF‐PH patients with lower ApoA1 levels was reduced.

With increasing global awareness of soil health, attention must be paid to fluorine exposure in soils, which poses a threat to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to study the fluorine adsorption characteristics of swine manure and straw biochars and their impact on fluorine adsorption-desorption in soil with batch experiments. The biochar samples originated from high-temperature anaerobic cracking of swine manure (350°C, 500°C, and 650°C) and straw (500°C). Results indicated that the adsorption of soil fluorine reached adsorption equilibrium at around 4 h after the mixing of swine manure and straw biochar. Fluorine adsorption kinetics using these biochars conformed to the quasi-two-stage kinetic model. The fluorine adsorption kinetics for biochar-treated soils conformed to the double-constant equation and the Elovich equation, and the soil treated with straw biochar showed the fastest fluorine adsorption rate. The adsorption isotherms of fluorine for biochars and biochar-treated soils could be fitted by the isothermal adsorption model of Langmuir and Freundlich. The maximal equilibrium quantity of fluorine was 73.66 mg/g for swine manure biochar. The soil, adding with 2% of swine manure biochar achieved with showed at 650°C had the smallest adsorption. This study also shows that the adsorption of fluorine by biochar gradually decreased with the increase of pH. Comparing with other factors, the mixture pH with biochars added had a significant effect on fluorine adsorption. The decreased fluorine adsorption capacities for soils treated with swine manure and straw biochars were closely related to the increased pH in soils after adding biochars. Considering the fluorine threat in soil, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of biochars on soil fluorine adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As oncogenes or oncogene suppressors, long‐stranded non‐coding RNAs are essential for the formation and progression of human tumours. However, the mechanisms behind the regulatory role of RNA HOXA11‐AS in prostate cancer (PCa) are unclear. PCa is a common malignant tumour worldwide, and an increasing number of studies have focused on its metabolic profile. Studies have shown that the long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) HOXA11‐AS is aberrantly expressed in many tumours. However, the role of HOXA11‐AS in PCa is unclear. This work aimed to determine how HOXA11‐AS regulated PCa in vitro and in vivo. We first explored the clinical role of HOXA11‐AS in PCa using bioinformatics methods, including single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐logistics systematically. In this study, PCa cell lines were selected to assess the PCa regulatory role of HOXA11‐AS overexpression versus silencing in vitro, and tumour xenografts were performed in nude mice to assess tumour suppression by HOXA11‐AS silencing in vivo. HOXA11‐AS expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological factors, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolysis. Moreover, key genes downstream of HOXA11‐AS exhibited good clinical diagnostic properties for PCa. Furthermore, we studied both in vitro and in vivo effects of HOXA11‐AS expression on PCa. Overexpression of HOXA11‐AS increased PCa cell proliferation, migration and EMT, while silencing HOXA11‐AS had the opposite effect on PCa cells. In addition, multiple metabolites were downregulated by silencing HOXA11‐AS via the glycolytic pathway. HOXA11‐AS silencing significantly inhibited tumour development in vivo. In summary, silencing HOXA11‐AS can inhibit PCa by regulating glucose metabolism and may provide a future guidance for the treatment of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection can cause immunosuppressive diseases in pigs. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs), as the target cells for PCV2, play an important role in the immune response and inflammatory regulation. Endothelial IL-8, which is produced by porcine hip artery endothelial cells (PIECs) infected with PCV2, can inhibit the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Here, we established a co-culture system of MoDCs and different groups of PIECs to further investigate the PCV2-induced endothelial IL-8 signaling pathway that drives the inhibition of MoDC maturation. The differentially expressed genes related to MoDC maturation were mainly enriched in the NF-κB and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways. Both the NF-κB related factor RELA and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway related factors (IL2RA, JAK, STAT2, STAT5, IL23A, IL7, etc.) decreased significantly in the IL-8 up-regulated group, and increased significantly in the down-regulated group. The expression of NF-κB p65 in the IL-8 up-regulated group was reduced significantly, and the expression of IκBα was increased significantly. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was inhibited, while the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 was increased in MoDCs in the PCV2-induced endothelial IL-8 group. The results of treatment with NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitors showed that the maturation of MoDCs was inhibited and the expression of IL-12 and GM-CSF at mRNA level were lower. Inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway had no significant effect on maturation, and the expression of IL-12 and GM-CSF at mRNA level produced no significant change. In summary, the NF-κB signaling pathway is the main signaling pathway of MoDC maturation, and is inhibited by the PCV2-induced up-regulation of endothelial-derived IL-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]