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Marital quality may decrease during the early years of marriage. Establishing models predicting individualized marital quality may help develop timely and effective interventions to maintain or improve marital quality. Given that marital interactions have an important impact on marital well-being cross-sectionally and prospectively, neural responses during marital interactions may provide insight into neural bases underlying marital well-being. The current study applies connectome-based predictive modeling, a recently developed machine-learning approach, to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from both partners of 25 early-stage Chinese couples to examine whether an individual's unique pattern of brain functional connectivity (FC) when responding to spousal interactive behaviors can reliably predict their own and their partners' marital quality after 13 months. Results revealed that husbands' FC involving multiple large networks, when responding to their spousal interactive behaviors, significantly predicted their own and their wives' marital quality, and this predictability showed gender specificity. Brain connectivity patterns responding to general emotional stimuli and during the resting state were not significantly predictive. This study demonstrates that husbands' differences in large-scale neural networks during marital interactions may contribute to their variability in marital quality and highlights gender-related differences. The findings lay a foundation for identifying reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for developing interventions for marital quality early in marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social information processing is important for successful romantic relationships and protection against depression, and depends on functional connectivity (FC) within and between large-scale networks. Functional architecture evident at rest is adaptively reconfigured during a task, and there were two possible associations between brain reconfiguration and behavioral performance during neurocognitive tasks (efficiency effect and distraction-based effect). This study examined the relationships between brain reconfiguration during social information processing and relationship-specific and more general social outcomes in marriage. Resting-state FC was compared with FC during social information processing (watching relationship-specific and general emotional stimuli) of 29 heterosexual couples, and the FC similarity (reconfiguration efficiency) was examined in relation to marital quality and depression 13 months later. The results indicated that wives' reconfiguration efficiency (globally and in visual association network) during relationship-specific stimuli processing was related to their own marital quality. Higher reconfiguration efficiency (globally and in medial frontal, frontal-parietal, default mode, motor/sensory and salience networks) in wives during general emotional stimuli processing was related to their lower depression. These findings suggest efficiency effects on social outcomes during social cognition, especially among married women. The efficiency effects on relationship-specific and more general outcomes are, respectively, higher during relationship-specific stimuli or general emotional stimuli processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychobehavioral intervention is an effective treatment of Internet addiction, including Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. Cortical-ventral striatum (VS) circuitry is a common target of psychobehavioral interventions in drug addiction, and cortical-VS dysfunction has been reported in IGD; hence, the primary aim of the study was to investigate how the VS circuitry responds to psychobehavioral interventions in IGD. In a cross-sectional study, we examined resting-state functional connectivity of the VS in 74 IGD subjects (IGDs) and 41 healthy controls (HCs). In a follow-up craving behavioral intervention (CBI) study, of the 74 IGD subjects, 20 IGD subjects received CBI (CBI+) and 16 IGD subjects did not (CBI-). All participants were scanned twice with similar time interval to assess the effects of CBI. IGD subjects showed greater resting-state functional connectivity of the VS to left inferior parietal lobule (lIPL), right inferior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, in positive association with the severity of IGD. Moreover, compared with CBI-, CBI+ showed significantly greater decrease in VS-lIPL connectivity, along with amelioration in addiction severity following the intervention. These findings demonstrated that functional connectivity between VS and lIPL, each presumably mediating gaming craving and attentional bias, may be a potential biomarker of the efficacy of psychobehavioral intervention. These results also suggested that non-invasive techniques such as transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation targeting the VS-IPL circuitry may be used in the treatment of Internet gaming disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insula has been implicated in salience processing, craving, and interoception, all of which are critical to the clinical manifestations of drug and behavioral addiction. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the insula and its association with Internet gaming characteristics in 74 young adults with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (HCs). In comparison with HCs, IGD subjects (IGDs) exhibited enhanced rsFC between the anterior insula and a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), putamen, angular gyrus, and precuneous, which are involved in salience, craving, self-monitoring, and attention. IGDs also demonstrated significantly stronger rsFC between the posterior insula and postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, supplemental motor area, and superior temporal gyrus (STG), which are involved in interoception, movement control, and auditory processing. Furthermore, IGD severity was positively associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and angular gyrus, and STG, and with connectivity between the posterior insula and STG. Duration of Internet gaming was positively associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and ACC. These findings highlight a key role of the insula in manifestation of the core symptoms of IGD and the importance to examine functional abnormalities of the anterior and posterior insula separately in IGDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Organosilanes are incorporated into a commercial cathodic electrophoretic paint, resulting in significant improvement in the long-term corrosion protective properties of the paint. The addition of organosilanes have strengthened mechanical properties, improved hydrophobicity, lowered water uptake and less decrease in glass transition temperature of the coatings, suggesting the enhancement in bulk structure of the polymeric coatings. In addition, silane-enriched layer preferentially forms at the metal/coating interface during the electrophoresis process, leading to better adhesion between the substrate and the coating. The structural enhancement in both the coating and the metal/coating interface explains the improved corrosion performance of silane-incorporated electrophoretic coatings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Red iron oxide pigmented epoxy coatings were prepared on aluminum alloys and were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) immersed in NaCl solution. The evolutions of impedance models of coated metals were obtained by the fitting analysis of experimental data using suitable equivalent electrical circuits (EEC). The results indicated that the composite electrode system could be fitted by three impedance models. At the initial immersion stage, coatings acted as a barrier layer and only performed a simple circuit consisting of a coating resistance (R c) parallel to a coating capacitance (C c). After a certain time of exposure, water and (or) oxygen arrived at the metal surface through the coating, leading to the formation of electrochemical corrosion sites at metal interface and thereby the appearance of double-layer capacitance (C dl) and charge transfer resistance (R ct). After intensive attacking of metal substrates, the mass transfer of corrosion products was in difficulty. In this case, the diffusion elements were added to the EEC. It was found that due to the presence of inert pigment particles, the mass transfer behaviors were interestingly different from those of the varnish polymer coatings. Electrical parameters were also obtained from the EIS data. lnC c–time curve showed a Case II water sorption kinetics, typical non-Fickian diffusion for water uptake. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Provides information on a study on the synthesis of oxidized metabolites of dibenz[a,j]anthracene implicated in the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Literature on the mechanism of carcinogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); Results and discussion; Experimental methods.

C14H14CdI2N6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.9247(5) Å, b = 8.9507(5) Å, c = 13.5143(8) Å, α = 92.428(2)°, β = 92.085(3)°, γ = 98.871(3)°, V = 945.38(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0281, wRref(F2) = 0.0653, T = 298(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Do real-time strategy (RTS) video gamers have better attentional control? To examine this issue, we tested experienced versus inexperienced RTS video gamers on multi-object tracking tasks (MOT) and dual-MOT tasks with visual or auditory secondary tasks (dMOT). We employed a street-crossing task with a visual working memory task as a secondary task in a virtual reality (VR) environment to examine any generalized attentional advantage. Background: Similar to action video games, RTS video games require players to switch attention between multiple visual objects and views. However, whether the attentional control advantage is limited by sensory modalities or generalizes to real-life tasks remains unclear. Method: In study 1, 25 RTS video game players (SVGP) and 25 non-video game players (NVGP) completed the MOT task and two dMOT tasks. In study 2, a different sample with 25 SVGP and 25 NVGP completed a simulated street-crossing task with the visual dual task in a VR environment. Results: After controlling the effects of the speed-accuracy trade-off, SVGP showed better performance than NVGP in the MOT task and the visual dMOT task, but SVGP did not perform better in either the auditory dMOT task or the street-crossing task. Conclusion: RTS video gamers had better attentional control in visual computer tasks, but not in the auditory tasks and the VR tasks. Attentional control benefits associated with RTS video game experience may be limited by sensory modalities, and may not translate to performance benefits in real-life tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luteolin can affect multiple biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune enhancement processes. Luteolin can inhibit inflammation of T2-high asthma, but its role in neutrophilic asthma has been insufficently studied. This study determines the effect of luteolin on IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathway signalling in neutrophilic asthma. The asthma model was established by using ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide (OVA/LPS). Female 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, asthma, luteolin (20 mg/kg) and asthma + luteolin (20 mg/kg) groups. To explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in neutrophilic asthma, Beas-2B cells were treated with luteolin (20 µmol/L), LPS (100 ng/mL), recombinant human IL-36γ protein (rhIL-36γ; 100 ng/mL) or IL-36γ siRNA. IL-36γ secretion and MAPK/IL-1β signalling were significantly increased in the asthma mouse model compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, the levels of IL-36γ secretion and MAPK/IL-1β signalling were reduced by luteolin (p < 0.05). In addition, luteolin inhibited IL-36γ and MAPK/IL-1β levels after LPS (100 ng/mL) stimulation of Beas-2B cells (p < 0.05). We found that in Beas-2B cells, luteolin inhibited activation of the MAPK pathway and IL-1β secretion following stimulation with rhIL-36γ (100 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Finally, IL-1β and phosphorylated MAPK levels were found to be lower in the IL-36γ siRNA + LPS (100 ng/mL) group than in the nonspecific control (NC) siRNA + LPS group (p < 0.05). Luteolin alleviated neutrophilic asthma by inhibiting IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathways. These findings provided a theoretical basis for the application of luteolin in the treatment of neutrophilic asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alterations in brain connectivity have been implicated in internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, little is known about alterations in whole-brain connectivity and their associations with long-term treatment outcomes. Here, we used a relatively new analytic approach, intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD) analysis, to examine brain connectivity in 74 IGD participants and 41 matched healthy controls (HCs) and conducted post hoc seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses based on the ICD findings. We also examined how these findings related to outcomes involving a craving behavioral intervention (CBI) for IGD. IGD participants showed less whole-brain connectivity in the left angular gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) compared with HC participants. Seed-based rsFC analyses revealed that the left angular gyrus in the IGD group showed less connectivity with areas involved in the default-mode network and greater connectivity with areas in the salience and executive control networks. CBI was associated with improved connectivity within regions in the default-mode network and regions across the default-mode and salience networks. ICD-identified connectivity differences in the left angular gyrus and vmPFC were related to changes in craving and severity of addiction 6 months after the intervention. The findings suggest that IGD is associated with alterations in brain connectivity that may be sensitive to interventions. Thus, the findings have implications for understanding mechanisms underlying CBI effects and for further treatment development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a pragmatic painting system with promising active protection property is proposed using electrodeposited silica (e-SiO 2 ) interlayer as the nanocontainer of inhibitors. A 10 μm thick, highly porous and well adherent sol-gel silica film was prepared at mild steel substrate under the aid of electro-assist technique. Such film was capable of embedding desired amount of corrosion inhibitors (polyvinylpyrrolidone and zinc gluconate), upon which the epoxy coating was covered. Both the accelerated corrosion tests on the scratched coating and the in-situ electrochemical measurements of intact sample revealed the significantly improved corrosion resistance of the novel coating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies conducted in drug addiction suggest a transition in processing of drug-related cues from the ventral to the dorsal component of the striatum. However, this process has not been studied in a behavioral addiction. Assessment of this process in a non-drug addiction can provide insight into the pathophysiology of both substance and behavioral addictions. Thirty-nine male Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects and 23 male matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of a cue-reactivity task involving alternating presentation of Internet gaming-related stimuli (game cues) and general Internet surfing-related stimuli (control cues). Cue-induced neural activations in the ventral and dorsal striatum (DS) were compared between IGD and HC participants. Associations between cue-reactivity within these regions and cue-induced craving and severity and duration of IGD were also explored. IGD participants exhibited higher cue-induced activations within both the ventral and DS when compared with HCs. Within the IGD group, activity within the left ventral striatum (VS) was correlated negatively with cue-induced craving; positive associations were found between activations within the DS (right putamen, pallidum and left caudate) and duration of IGD. Cue-induced activity within the left putamen was negatively associated with right VS volumes among IGD participants. Consistent with studies in substance addictions, our results suggest that a transition from ventral to dorsal striatal processing may occur among individuals with IGD, a condition without the impact of substance intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a worldwide mental health issue, has been widely studied using neuroimaging techniques during the last decade. Although dysfunctions in resting‐state functional connectivity have been reported in IGD, mapping relationships from abnormal connectivity patterns to behavioral measures have not been fully investigated. Connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM)—a recently developed machine‐learning approach—has been used to examine potential neural mechanisms in addictions and other psychiatric disorders. To identify the resting‐state connections associated with IGD, we modified the CPM approach by replacing its core learning algorithm with a support vector machine. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in 72 individuals with IGD and 41 healthy comparison participants. The modified CPM was conducted with respect to classification and regression. A comparison of whole‐brain and network‐based analyses showed that the default‐mode network (DMN) is the most informative network in predicting IGD both in classification (individual identification accuracy = 78.76%) and regression (correspondence between predicted and actual psychometric scale score: r = 0.44, P < 0.001). To facilitate the characterization of the aberrant resting‐state activity in the DMN, the identified networks have been mapped into a three‐subsystem division of the DMN. Results suggest that individual differences in DMN function at rest could advance our understanding of IGD and variability in disorder etiology and intervention outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance frequently evolves through fitness trade-offs in which the genetic alterations that confer resistance to a drug can also cause growth defects in resistant cells. Here, through experimental evolution in a microfluidics-based turbidostat, we demonstrate that antibiotic-resistant cells can be efficiently inhibited by amplifying the fitness costs associated with drug-resistance evolution. Using tavaborole-resistant Escherichia coli as a model, we show that genetic mutations in leucyl-tRNA synthetase (that underlie tavaborole resistance) make resistant cells intolerant to norvaline, a chemical analog of leucine that is mistakenly used by tavaborole-resistant cells for protein synthesis. We then show that tavaborole-sensitive cells quickly outcompete tavaborole-resistant cells in the presence of norvaline due to the amplified cost of the molecular defect of tavaborole resistance. This finding illustrates that understanding molecular mechanisms of drug resistance allows us to effectively amplify even small evolutionary vulnerabilities of resistant cells to potentially enhance or enable adaptive therapies by accelerating posttreatment competition between resistant and susceptible cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is essential for the condition's diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of IGD remain elusive at present. Hence, we employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to explore this issue. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 103 IGD subjects (male = 57) and 99 well-matched recreational game users (RGUs, male = 51). Regional homogeneity was calculated as the feature for MVPA based on the support vector machine (SVM) with leave-one- out cross-validation. Mean time series data extracted from the brain regions in accordance with the MVPA results were used for further spDCM analysis. Results display a high accuracy of 82.67% (sensitivity of 83.50% and specificity of 81.82%) in the classification of the two groups. The most discriminative brain regions that contributed to the classification were the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PG), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Significant correlations were found between addiction severity (IAT and DSM scores) and the ReHo values of the brain regions that contributed to the classification. Moreover, the results of spDCM showed that compared with RGU, IGD showed decreased effective connectivity from the left PG to the right MFG and from the right PG to the ACC and decreased self-connection in the right PG. These results show that the weakening of the PG and its connection with the prefrontal cortex, including the ACC and MFG, may be an underlying mechanism of IGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effort-based decision-making is best described by a power discounting model. • Multivariate dmPFC patterns represent subjective value across tasks and datasets. • These effects may not be detectable by univariate fMRI analyses. • These findings extend the scope of the neural common currency theory. Decisions that require taking effort costs into account are ubiquitous in real life. The neural common currency theory hypothesizes that a particular neural network integrates different costs (e.g., risk) and rewards into a common scale to facilitate value comparison. Although there has been a surge of interest in the computational and neural basis of effort-related value integration, it is still under debate if effort-based decision-making relies on a domain-general valuation network as implicated in the neural common currency theory. Therefore, we comprehensively compared effort-based and risky decision-making using a combination of computational modeling, univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses, and data from two independent studies. We found that effort-based decision-making can be best described by a power discounting model that accounts for both the discounting rate and effort sensitivity. At the neural level, multivariate decoding analyses indicated that the neural patterns of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) represented subjective value across different decision-making tasks including either effort or risk costs, although univariate signals were more diverse. These findings suggest that multivariate dmPFC patterns play a critical role in computing subjective value in a task-independent manner and thus extend the scope of the neural common currency theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cue-induced brain reactivity has been suggested to be a fundamental and important mechanism explaining the development, maintenance, and relapse of addiction, including Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Altered activity in addiction-related brain regions has been found during cue-reactivity in IGD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but less is known regarding the alterations of coordinated whole brain activity patterns in IGD. To investigate the activity of temporally coherent, large-scale functional brain networks (FNs) during cue-reactivity in IGD, independent component analysis was applied to fMRI data from 29 male subjects with IGD and 23 matched healthy controls (HC) performing a cue-reactivity task involving Internet gaming stimuli (i.e., game cues) and general Internet surfing-related stimuli (i.e., control cues). Four FNs were identified that were related to the response to game cues relative to control cues and that showed altered engagement/disengagement in IGD compared with HC. These FNs included temporo-occipital and temporo-insula networks associated with sensory processing, a frontoparietal network involved in memory and executive functioning, and a dorsal-limbic network implicated in reward and motivation processing. Within IGD, game versus control engagement of the temporo-occipital and frontoparietal networks were positively correlated with IGD severity. Similarly, disengagement of temporo-insula network was negatively correlated with higher game-craving. These findings are consistent with altered cue-reactivity brain regions reported in substance-related addictions, providing evidence that IGD may represent a type of addiction. The identification of the networks might shed light on the mechanisms of the cue-induced craving and addictive Internet gaming behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) tend to exhibit disadvantageous risky decision-making not only in their real life but also in laboratory tasks. Decision-making is a complex multifaceted function and different cognitive processes are involved in decision-making for gains and losses. However, the relationship between impaired decision-making and gain versus loss processing in the context of IGD is poorly understood. The main aim of the present study was to separately evaluate decision-making for risky gains and losses among college students with IGD using the Cups task. Additionally, we further examined the effects of outcome magnitude and probability level on decision-making related to risky gains and losses respectively. Sixty college students with IGD and 42 matched healthy controls (HCs) participated. Results indicated that IGD subjects exhibited generally greater risk taking tendencies than HCs. In comparison to HCs, IGD subjects made more disadvantageous risky choices in the loss domain (but not in the gain domain). Follow-up analyses indicated that the impairment was associated to insensitivity to changes in outcome magnitude and probability level for risky losses among IGD subjects. In addition, higher Internet addiction severity scores were associated with percentage of disadvantageous risky options in the loss domain. These findings emphasize the effect of insensitivity to losses on disadvantageous decisions under risk in the context of IGD, which has implications for future intervention studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Alternate Lightening Display Method (ALDM) for surface-conduction electron-emission display (SED) is proposed to help cutting down the panel fabrication cost. Since the landing position of the emitted electrons on the phosphor plate is mainly determined by the polarity of the device voltage and close to the positive voltage electrode, the same dynamic resolution can be obtained by ALDM with only half surface-conduction electron-emitters (SCEs) compared with the conventional panel. The experiment shows six luminescence lines can be generated with three SCE lines. The emitted electron excursion on the phosphor plate is analyzed with a simplified model, and it is in good agreement with the experiment result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The land near a Pb/Zn smelter in the vicinity of Shaoguan city of Southern China, contaminated with heavy metals by smelting activities, was revegetated using an indigenous plant (Paulownia fortunei). The structure and function of the soil bacterial community were investigated to examine whether such microbial indexes could be used as indicators of changes in abiotic environment and vegetative parameters. Soil samples were analyzed for bacterial community level physiological profiles (CLPP) and molecular fingerprinting of 16S rRNA genes. The average well color development (AWCD), functional diversity (H F), and carbon substrate richness (R S) were high in the two young revegetated sites (revegetated for 2 and 3 years, respectively), and low in the old revegetated site (revegetated for 5 years). The structural diversity (H S) and ribotype (R T) showed an identical trend. Changes in the culturable bacterial community structure and function were not correlated with the revegetation age or heavy metal content, but were closely correlated with a number of soil physico-chemical and vegetative parameters. Therefore, the results suggest that the structural and functional parameters of soil culturable bacterial community may be used as sensitive indicators of changes in soil physico-chemical and vegetative parameters during the early stage of revegetation in this area that has been chronically contaminated by heavy metals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Secondary aerosol (SA) is considered to be an increasingly dangerous air pollutant. However, quantification of SA has suffered from considerable uncertainty due to its poorly understood formation mechanism. In this study, a simplified approach based on characterizing coal combustion emission indicators polonium-210 (210Po), selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) was used to estimate SA loading (increment) during a heavy air pollution event in December 2016 in Beijing. Due to the insignificant input and output of air pollutants as well as the assumption of non-local emissions during this heavy air pollution event, a steady-state method of severe air pollution has been proposed to estimate SA increment (the sum of newly formed secondary inorganic aerosols and secondary organic aerosols) during this typical air pollution event. Corresponding algorithm of the method was developed depending on the characteristics of coal combustion related pollutants (210Po, Se, and As). The results indicated that the median contribution of newly formed SA to total suspended particulates (TSP) during this heavy air pollution event was 42.4% (interquartile range [IQR]: 36.6%–48.8%), which quantitatively confirms the dominant contribution of substantial enhancement of SA to heavy air pollution. Although further verification is needed, this steady-state method of evaluating severe air pollution has potential for quantification of the SA increment. Image 1 • 210Po, Se, and As can be used to estimate the SA increment in heavy pollution events. • 210Po activity concentration reached a plateau once the TSP concentration exceeded ~300 μg m−3. • The stagnant accumulated closed box model was proposed to quantify the SA increment. • The input and output of 210Po was negligible during stagnant accumulated heavy air pollution. • The explosive growth of SA was the dominant contributor to heavy air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the associations between adolescents’ perceived relationships with their parents, perceived parental online behaviors, and Pathological Internet Use (PIU) among adolescents. Additional testing was carried out to determine the effect of different genders (parent and adolescent). Cross-sectional data was collected from 4,559 students aged 12 to 21 years in the cities of Beijing and Jinan, People’s Republic of China. Participants responded to an anonymous questionnaire concerning their Internet use behavior, perceived parental Internet use behaviors, and perceived parent-adolescent relationship. Hierarchical linear regressions controlling for adolescents’ age were conducted. Results showed different effects of parent and adolescent gender on perceived parent-adolescent relationship and parent Internet use behavior, as well as some other gender-specific associations. Perceived father-adolescent relationship was the most protective factor against adolescent PIU with perceived maternal Internet use positively predicting PIU for both male and female adolescents. However, perceived paternal Internet use behaviors positively predicted only female adolescent PIU. Results indicated a different effect pathway for fathers and mothers on boys and girls, leading to discussion of the implications for prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]