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Hz. Peygamber’in inşa ettiği ahlâk sisteminde öne çıkan ticarî esasların tespitini hedefleyen bu makalede yetkinlik, girişimcilik, işe erken başlamak, dürüstlük ve güvenilirlik, kolaylık göstermek, orta yol izlemek, bencillik, savurganlık ve gösterişli yaşam tarzından kaçınmak gibi evrensel nitelikli ilkelerin vurgulandığı görülmüştür. Ne var ki, söz konusu teorik-pratik ahlâkî esasların varlığını sürdürebilmesi için yasal düzenlemelerle / hukukî müeyyidelerle desteklenmesi gerekir. Zira dünya-ahiret dengesinin kurulup hayatın anlam kazanması buna bağlıdır. Aksi halde güvensizlik, yalan, hile, haksız rekabet, tefecilik, savurganlık, bencillik, kıskançlık, açgözlülük gibi savrulma ve taşkınlıkların sosyal dokuyu bozması ve ekonomik krize yol açması kaçınılmaz olacaktır.

Abstract Background Artcure diffusional patch (ADP) is a novel transdermal therapeutic system that started to be used in the last decade for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Previous studies have reported early results of the therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the medium- to long-term functional outcomes of this treatment in LDH patients and examine factors predicting the need for surgery after treatment. Methods Totally, 270 patients with single-level LDH were included. ADP was applied transdermally to the lumbar regions of the patients. Outcomes measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and leg and low back visual analog scales (VAS). Herniations were graded using the Michigan State University (MSU) classification. The predictive factors for surgery need were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results The average follow-up duration was 43.8 ± 4.8 months. The average VAS and ODI scores of the patients decreased significantly at the first month and final visits compared to admission values (p

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a crucial contributor to sarcopenia pathogenesis, but accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. Aim Our study aims to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), a comprehensive indicator of inflammation. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 632 patients. All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Sarcopenia was assessed through the evaluation of handgrip strength and calf circumference. To determine the SII, we used the formula: Platelet count (109/mm3)×Neutrophil count (109/mm3) / Lymphocyte count (109/mm3). Results The average age of the participants was 74.8 ± 6.4, and 62.3% (n = 394) were female. Patients were grouped as non-sarcopenic and sarcopenic. The non-sarcopenic group had 536 patients (84.8%), while the sarcopenic group comprised 96 patients (15.2%). Sarcopenic patients showed a higher median SII score than the non-sarcopenic group (p 765. At this threshold, the negative predictive values were determined to be 88.1%, with a specificity of 88%. Conclusion SII is significantly associated with sarcopenia in a geriatric outpatient population, and a population-specific SII cut-off may serve as a novel, simple, and practical biomarker for diagnosing sarcopenia.

Introduction: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a rare occurrence in bony free flaps used in head-and-neck reconstructive surgery. HO is an incidental finding, described as a rare phenomenon in the literature. The periosteal theory is one of the most emphasized physiopathological descriptions for HO. This study aimed to address the causes, outcomes, and prevention of HO. Methods: This retrospective study included 30 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery for head-and-neck bone defects using bony free flaps. The patients underwent postoperative clinical examinations and computed tomography imaging. The age, sex, indications for reconstruction, ossification time, symptoms, and clinical findings were collected and reviewed. Results: The reviewed medical records showed that 5 patients developed HO after reconstruction with bony free flaps. Free fibula flap was used in 4 patients, whereas free medial femoral condylar flap was used in 1 patient. Conclusion: Clinical signs of HO were not observed in any patient. A modified approach with preservation of the periosteum is recommended in selected patients to avoid HO. Surgical ossification removal should be performed only in patients with symptoms.

This study aimed to determine the effects of kefir addition on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and protein apparent digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology, and biochemistry parameters of healthy dogs. Twenty-one adult Golden Retriever dogs were divided into three groups: Control (CON, no kefir), KF1 (2 × 106 CFU/g kefir), and KF2 (4 × 106 CFU/g kefir). The dogs were fed for a 30-day administration period. Blood was taken from all dogs on the initial (day 0) and last day (day 30). Stool consistency of the dogs were scored according to 1–5 system (1 = diarrhea-like, 5 = formed and too dry) on the last five days before taking fresh faecal samples to determine digestibility, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia, pH and DM levels. The highest DM, OM and protein digestibility levels were determined in KF2 (p

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the psychological resilience levels and secondary trauma levels of mental health professionals who were involved in the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake on February 6. Additionally, the study investigates whether psychological resilience and secondary trauma levels vary based on demographic factors. Methods: Psychological resilience has been shown to negatively predict secondary traumatic stress (β=-0.412; t=-5.034; p

Abstract Digitalization is a key concept that transformed the various industries through technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Digital Twin (DT). Although innovations provided by the advancement of digitalization have paved the way for more efficient operations and products for transportation, the rail transportation sector struggles to keep up with the rest of the transportation industry, since trains are designed to last for decades, and the insufficient infrastructure investment leads to multiple railroad derailments across the globe. Therefore, the primary aim is to transform current railway systems into human-centric, adaptable, sustainable and future-proof networks, aligning with Industry 5.0 (I5.0) and Circular Economy (CE) model supported by the restorative and long-lasting design of the trains. This transformation necessitates leveraging digitalization and emerging technologies to address the needs of passengers, operators, and maintenance personnel. This article provides a comprehensive review focusing on the application of IoT, AI, CE principles, and digital twin trains to existing railway infrastructure and assets. The analysis delves into developing system architecture for proposed solutions and their impact on operation, maintenance, sustainability, and passenger comfort, supported by track record analysis. The integration of these technologies and concepts, particularly AI-powered services, is anticipated to yield immediate advancements in the digitalization of railway transportation, enhancing efficiency and safety measures.

Background:. Facial aging involves multifactorial changes affecting the bone, superficial musculoaponeurotic system, fat pads, and skin, primarily manifesting as the downward displacement of these structures. The transtemporal endoscopic deep plane face lift (TEDPF) suggests a vertical lifting method, targeting these issues without a preauricular incision. Methods:. A retrospective study was conducted on 140 patients (133 women and 7 men) 33–67 years of age who underwent TEDPF from February 2020 to March 2023. Of these, 42 patients also received a neck lift. The surgical technique involved endoscopic dissection and vertical lifting and fixation of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system layer using specific suture points. An objective photographic analysis was performed by measuring preoperative and postoperative lower eyelid lengths to assess aesthetic outcomes. Results:. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 36 months. Temporary frontal neuropraxia occurred in 5 patients, resolving within 3 weeks to 3 months. Revision surgery was required for 6 patients due to excess preauricular skin or temporal skin accumulation malar dimpling. Significant improvements were observed, especially in periorbital, nasolabial, and jowl areas, enhancing eye shape and reducing the need for lower blepharoplasty. Objective photographic analysis showed a significant reduction in lower eyelid length postoperatively, with a mean percentage reduction of 22.45% in eyelid length (P < 0.05). Conclusions:. TEDPF achieves effective vertical lifting for facial rejuvenation, minimizes scarring, and reduces surgery time. It provides notable aesthetic improvements with manageable complications, suitable for patients prone to keloids or seeking less invasive options.

Obinutuzumab, an anti CD-20 monoclonal antibody, can be used in combination with venetoclax, ibrutinib or acalabrutinib in CLL patients with newly diagnosed or relaps patient's treatment indications. Another anti CD-20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, has been used in combination with bendamustine, FC in del 17p/tp53 negative, ig H mutated patients in previous years. In addition, rituximab is currently used in combination with venetoclax.Chimeric antigen receptor T cellsThe CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) is an option for fit patients with relapsed or refractory CԼԼ/SԼL after two or more lines of systemic therapy, including a ΒΤK inhibitor and a BCL2 inhibitor (venetoclax). This population has few therapeutic alternatives, and low-quality evidence suggests that liso-cel may produce sustained remissions in a subset. However, treatment is associated with substantial toxicity, and the manufacturing process is complex and expensive. As such, the decision to proceed with СΑR-T cell therapy is individualized and highly dependent on an estimation of complication risk and the needs and wishes of the patient.CAR-T cells are genetically modified ex vivo, expanded in a production facility, and then infused back into the patient as therapy. Prior to reinfusion, patients receive a lymphodepleting ϲhеmοthеrapу preparative/conditioning regimen (ie, fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide). Trials have allowed for additional ''bridging'' therapy for disease control during the manufacturing process.Hematopoietic cell transplantation(HCT)Patients with СLԼ are generally older adults with a median age greater than 70 years, and due to the relatively benign course of the disease in the majority of patients, only selected patients are candidates for intensive treatments such as HСT. The determination of transplant eligibility should be made based on a risk-benefit assessment and the needs and wishes of the patient. HCT may also be appropriate for young patients with relapsed or refractory CԼL already exposed to a ΒТK inhibitor and venetoclax.İnvestıgatıonal TherapiesMost commonly, there is no better therapy to offer a patient than enrollment in a well-designed, scientifically valid, peer-reviewed clinical trial especially in relapsed/refractory patients. Additional information and instructions for referring a patient to an appropriate research center can be obtained from the United States National Institutes of Health.Many agents are under active investigation. These include novel agents (eg, additional noncovalent Bruton tyrosine kinase [ΒΤK] inhibitors, BΤΚ degraders), combinations of agents already used in CLL, and agents approved for other diseases.We await the results of these studies before incorporating medications not approved for СԼԼ. Specifically, lenalidomide should not be used for patients with CLL outside of a clinical trial. While initial studies reported moderate activity for lenalidomide, some studies have been terminated due to toxicity concerns and excess deaths.We also do not use the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab for patients with CԼԼ. While partial responses may be seen in approximately one-third of patients, use is limited by toxicities that include infusion-related side effects, myelosuppression, and infections

This study evaluated the nutritional and functional qualities of the mushroom stem (MS) powder and its protein concentrates, which were extracted using alkaline and deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based methods. MS powder is rich in protein (23.02 %) and carbohydrates (63.01 %). Alkaline extraction yielded the highest protein content (45.90 %) but lower recovery rates (15.39 %) compared to DES extractions using a 1:2 molar ratio of choline chloride: glycerol (DES-CG) and choline chloride: lactic acid (DES-CL), which had recovery rates of 22.04 % and 21.47 %, respectively. DES solvents provided strong hydrogen bonding, as indicated by FTIR analysis, and produced uniform, smooth particles according to SEM imaging. Both DES and alkaline methods achieved similar protein solubility values (72–75 %). However, DES methods better preserved emulsion capabilities and balanced foaming properties, enhancing foam capacity and maintaining stability. The findings suggest that DES methods are more sustainable and efficient for extracting proteins from MS powder, optimizing both functional properties and environmental sustainability in food applications.

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, sendika üyesi memurların sendikal demokrasi algısı ile sendikal bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkide etik liderlik algısının düzenleyici rolünü belirlemektir. Nicel alan araştırması niteliğinde çalışma yapılmış olup, araştırmanın evrenini Tarım ve Ormancılık Hizmet Kolunda faaliyet gösteren ve hizmet kolunda yetkili sendika konumunda olan Tarım-Orman Çalışanları Birliği Sendikası (Toç Bir-Sen)’in üyeleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda sendika üyelerinden anket yöntemi ile veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ankete katılan Toç Bir-Sen üyesi 2128 çalışan oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, sendika üyelerinin örgütsel demokrasi algıları ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin var olduğu, etik liderlik algıları ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin var olduğu, örgütsel demokrasi algısı ile etik liderlik algıları arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sendika üyelerinin örgütsel demokrasi algıları ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkide etik liderliğin anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü düzenleyici etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısı ile araştırmanın tüm hipotezleri doğrulanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre, sendika yöneticilerinin etik davranışlar sergilemeleri, aldıkları kararların ve uygulamalarının etik kurallara uygun olmasına özen göstermeleri, yönetim ve karar alma süreçlerinin tamamında demokratik tutum ve davranış sergilemeleri sendika üyelerinin sendikal bağlılıklarına pozitif yönde etki edecektir. Çalışma sonuçlarının, örgütsel bağlılık ile etik liderlik arasındaki ilişkiyi ve örgütsel demokrasi ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen literatür çalışmalarına ait sonuçları desteklemesi nedeni ile literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Abstract Purpose In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and enoxaparin sodium, which are known to accelerate bone tissue healing as well as tendon and soft tissue healing, on the healing of Achilles tendon rupture. Methods Thirty-six rats were used in the present study. All rats were divided into groups of nine. The groups were the enoxaparin sodium group, enoxaparin sodium and hyperbaric oxygen group, hyperbaric oxygen group and control group. After 21 days, the process was completed, and the rats were sacrificed. Achilles tendon samples were evaluated histopathologically. Results The groups were compared according to the results of statistical analysis based on the histopathological data. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of acute inflammation (p = 0.785) or chronic inflammation (p = 0.827) scores, but there were significant differences in neovascularization (p = 0.009), proliferation (p

Yaklaşık bir asır hüküm süren Emevî devletinin kuruluşundan itibaren en sıkıntılı bölgesi Irak olmuştur. Bunun bilincinde olan Emevî halifeleri, Irak bölgesini Muâviye b. Ebî Süfyan’dan itibaren kudretli valiler eliyle yönetmeyi genel politika haline getirmişlerdir. Devletin ilk kuruluş yıllarında bölgenin iki önemli idari merkezi olan Basra ve Kûfe, tecrübeli ve mutedil yöneticiler eliyle idare edildi. Ancak bu şekilde bölge tam manasıyla itaat altına alınamadı. Muaviye’nin, Basra valisi Abdullah b. Âmir’i azledip yerine Ziyâd b. Ebîh’i atamasıyla bölgede sertlik yanlısı yönetim anlayışı başlamış oldu. Kûfe valisi Muğîre b. Şu‘be’nin vefatından sonra burası da Ziyâd b. Ebîh’e bağlanınca bölgede tam manada Emevî hakimiyeti sağlanmış oldu. Aldülmelik b. Mervân’ın Haccâc b. Yusuf’u Irak bölgesinin tamamına yönetici olarak atamasıyla başlayan genel valilik uygulaması, Ömer b. Abdülazîz döneminde kaldırılmış olsa da ondan sonraki dönemlerde devletin yıkılışına kadar devam etti. Emevîlerin son döneminde merkezdeki iktidar mücadelesi nedeniyle eyaletlerde de istikrar iyice bozulmuştu. Başkentteki iktidar mücadelesinden zaferle çıkan Emevîlerin son halifesi Muhammed b. Mervân yönetimi ele geçirince, Yezîd b. Ömer b. Ömer b. Hübeyre’yi Irak genel valiliğine getirmişti. İbn Hübeyre, valiliği döneminde Irak bölgesinde son kez Emevî devletinin egemenliğini tesis etmeyi başarmış olsa da Abbâsî ihtilalcilerinin ilerleyişini durduramamıştı. Merkezden halifenin öldürüldüğüne dair gelen haberlere rağmen direnişini sürdüren vali, kendisine gönderilen eman mektubundaki güvencelere binaen Abbâsî yöneticilerine teslim oldu. Bir süre Ebû Câfer Mansûr’un yanında kalan İbn Hübeyre, verilen sözlerin tutulmaması nedeniyle kendisine kurulan bir tuzakla öldürüldü.

Abstract The enhancement of the photovoltaic performance upon the aging process at particular environment is often observed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly for the devices with 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)−9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as hole transporting material (HTM). In this work, for the first time the effect of aging the typical n‐i‐p PSCs employing nickel phthalocyanine (coded as Bis‐PF‐Ni) solely as dopant‐free HTM is investigated and as an additive in spiro‐OMeTAD solution. This study reveals that the prolong aging of these devices at dry air condition (RH = 2%, 25 °C) is beneficial for the improvement of their performances. Various bulk and surface characterization techniques are utilized to understand the factors behind the spontaneous efficiency enhancement of the devices after storage. As a result, the changes in properties of the Bis‐PF‐Ni layer are observed and at perovskite/Bis‐PF‐Ni interface, which ultimately improves the charge transport and reduces non‐radiative recombination. In addition, the devices with Bis‐PF‐Ni HTM reveal enhanced long‐term ambient and thermal stability compared to the PSCs based on doped spiro‐OMeTAD.

Ganglion cysts are the most common soft-tissue tumors observed in the finger. Some tumors could be easily confused clinically with ganglion cysts due to their localization, mobility, shape, and being soft in nature. In this article, two cases of schwannoma and superficial acral myxoma that were clinically and radiologically confused with ganglion cysts are presented. Suspecting this tumor type in the preoperative diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary surgical approaches. Masses in close proximity to the nerve or nerve sheath are very important as they require preservation of the nerve during surgery. For these masses, surgeons should be prepared as these cases can have many intraoperative surprises in store.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the novel Estaş Medical Anodization (EMA) surface treatment technique with the techniques commonly used in the literature and to examine their effects on osteointegration in the rabbit tibia. Methods: A total of 24 rabbits used in this study were divided into 3 groups, with 8 rabbits in each group. Using both tibias of all rabbits in the study, screws belonging to the control group were placed in the left tibia, and the right tibia belonging to the experimental group were placed. In the first 8 rabbits, a single experimental group in the right tibia were used; in the second 8 rabbits, 2 different experimental groups in the right tibia were used; and in the last 8 rabbits, 2 different experimental groups in the right tibia were used. Thus, 5 different experimental groups with 8 screws in each group and a separate control group were formed for each of them. EMA-treated surfaces were named 200-800 nm iris oxidation and 800-1200 nm gray oxidation according to the TiO2 layer thickness. Group 1 was implanted with mini-screws prepared with chemical etching+EMA iris oxidation, while group 2 was implanted with sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) mini screws treated with EMA gray oxidation. Group 3 was implanted with mini-screws treated with EMA gray oxidation, group 4 was implanted with mini-screws treated with chemical etching+micro-arc oxidation, and group 5 was implanted with mini-screws treated with chemical etching+EMA gray oxidation. The control group was implanted with mini-screws prepared with pure titanium. At the end of 6 weeks, osseointegration percentages were calculated and compared using histological and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Results: The histological results confirmed the increase in osseointegration percentages in all experimental groups compared to those that received pure titanium implants (P values control group vs group 1=.005, control group vs group 2, 3, 4, 5=.001). The comparison between the groups revealed that the chemical etching+EMA gray oxidation modification technique (group 5) significantly increased osseointegration compared to the SLA+EMA gray oxidation technique (group 5 vs group 2 P=.016) and the chemical etching+EMA iris oxidation technique (group 5 vs group 1 Pp=.001). The EMA gray oxidation technique (group 3) significantly increased osseointegration compared to the chemical etching+EMA iris oxidation technique (group 1) (group 3 vs group 1 P=.043). The results of the SEM analysis showed that osseointegration was significantly increased in all experimental groups compared to that in the pure titanium (control) group (P values control group vs group 1, 2, 3=.001, control group vs Group 4,5=.006). The mean osseointegration percentage in the experimental groups was the highest in group 5, followed by group 4, group 3 and group 1 equally, and group 2. However, the differences among the experimental were not significant (group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4 vs group 5 P=.408). Conclusion: The EMA titanium surface modification techniques we developed significantly increased osseointegration compared to the pure titanium surface. The EMA gray oxidation technique seems to result in higher osseointegration rates than the EMA iris oxidation technique, and similar rates can be found with the SLA and chemical etching techniques. Level of Evidence: N/A.

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a tumor with high morbidity and mortality. The importance of inflammatory and metabolic parameters affecting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) has been investigated more intensively recently. We aimed to investigate the effect of glucose/c-reactive protein (CRP) ratio [GCR], which shows these two parameters together, on PFS in cervical cancer. Methods We retrospectively included 90 patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The effects of clinical variables, inflammatory and glycemic parameters on PFS and OS were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The data were compared with the healthy control group of 90 individuals using the independent t test. The effect of parameters on mortality was analyzed using ROC curves and cut off values were determined. Results Glucose, CRP, CRP/lymphocyte ratio (CLR) and GCR were statistically significant in predicting mortality (p

Abstract Background Geriatric hip fractures are associated with a high incidence of mortality. This study examines the predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) on one-year mortality in elderly hip fracture patients. Methods A single-center retrospective study was conducted between February 2017 and October 2020. Three hundred and eleven surgically treated consecutive hip fracture patients were included in the study. Admission, postoperative first day, and postoperative fifth-day SII values were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off values, and patients were divided into high and low groups according to these cut-off values. After univariate Cox regression analysis, significant factors were included in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to adjust the effect of covariates and explore independent predictive factors associated with mortality. Further subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the results for different clinical and biological characteristics. Results The mean age was 80.7 ± 8.0 years, and women made up the majority (67.8%) of the patients. The one-year mortality rate was 28.0%. After univariate and multivariate analyses, high postoperative fifth-day SII remained an independent predictor of one-year mortality (adjusted HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.38–3.38, p = 0.001). Older age, male gender, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 2, and hypoalbuminemia were found to be other independent predictors. The optimal cut-off value of the postoperative fifth-day SII was calculated at 1751.9 units (p

This systematic review of literature aims to systematically investigate language teacher agency as the capacity of teachers to act purposefully to direct their professional growth, find solutions to educational challenges they face, and improve their classroom practices for the sake of effectiveness in the classroom. Four inclusion criteria were established before conducting the research. Only empirical studies published between 2000 and 2022, which were done in a context in which the instructional language is English, the articles investigating ESL/EFL student teachers’, pre-service or in-service teachers’ agency, and the ones investigating agency of teachers from non-English speaking countries were included. Piri database search engine was used for identifying published empirical articles for this systematic review. 410 studies to be eligible were identified, 67 articles were read, and 12 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that most of the studies have been done in a qualitative approach, and four out of 12 articles have adopted a CDST perspective, which is overwhelmed by non-CDST ones. This result demonstrates that the paradigm shift adopting a CDST perspective in applied linguistics research methods is in its infancy.

Bu çalışma, turizmin Bodrum ve Datça'da arazi kullanımı üzerindeki kapsamlı ve karmaşık etkilerini incelemekte ve gelecekteki arazi kullanım senaryolarının oluşturulmasına ilişkin ayrıntılı bir analiz sunmaktadır. Çalışma, turizmin bu bölgelerdeki arazi kullanımı üzerindeki etkisinin kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını ve zaman içinde meydana gelmiş olabilecek değişikliklerin tespit edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, turizmin arazi kullanımı üzerindeki mekânsal etkilerinin kapsamlı bir analizini sağlamak için uydu görüntüleri, istatistiksel veriler ve görüşmeler gibi çeşitli veri kaynaklarından yararlanmaktadır. Çalışma, turizm hareketlerinin arazi kullanımı üzerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkileri olduğunu ve olumsuz etkilerin genellikle olumlu etkilerden daha ağır bastığını belirtmektedir. Bodrum'da 1980'lerden bu yana artan turizm hareketleri, arazi kullanımı için yapay alanların geliştirilmesine, tarım ve ormanlık alanların tahrip edilmesine yol açmıştır. Yapay alanların yarımadanın neredeyse tamamını ele geçirdiği Bodrum Yarımadası bu eğilimin en iyi örneğidir. Buna karşılık Datça Yarımadası, turizm hareketlerinde daha yeni bir ivme yaşamış ve turizmin arazi kullanımı üzerindeki etkisi daha az şiddetli olmuştur. Çalışmanın yöntemi doğrultusunda öncelikle literatür taraması ile araştırma konusu ile ilgili kaynaklar; coğrafya, şehir planlama, mimarlık, mühendislik gibi farklı bilim alanları çerçevesinde taranan kitaplar, tezler, makaleler, çeşitli kurum ve kuruluşlardan alınan rapor ve planlar derlenmiştir. Buna göre; turizm ve turizmin mekânsal etkileri, turizmin Bodrum ve Datça’da gelişimi, turizmin mekânsal büyüme etkileri, simülasyon modellerinde kullanılan Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) modeli ile Uzaktan Algılama (UA) gibi araştırma konularına ilişkin kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Arazi kullanımının belirlenmesi ve gelecek arazi tahminlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi amacıyla farklı yıllara ait Landsat uydu görüntüleri, topoğrafya haritaları, Sayısal Yükselti Modeli (SYM) gibi birçok farklı öznitelik bilgisine sahip vektör ve istatistiki veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma alanındaki arazi kullanımının belirlenmesi ve değişim analizlerinin yapılabilmesi için Landsat uydu görüntüleri, ABD Jeoloji Servisi (USGS) üzerinden temin edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, 2018 ve 2022 yılına ait uydu görüntülerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca GeoSOS-FLUS paket programı kullanılarak 2026, 2030 ve 2034 yılları için arazi kullanım senaryoları oluşturulmuştur. Senaryolar, mekansal analiz ve modelleme de dahil olmak üzere bir dizi yöntem kullanılarak oluşturulmuş ve turizmin arazi kullanımı üzerindeki mekansal etkilerinin ayrıntılı bir analizini içermiştir. Çalışma hem Bodrum hem de Datça'da tarımsal ve ormanlık alanlar pahasına yapay alanların gelişmeye devam edeceğini öngörmektedir. Çalışma, Bodrum’da 2022 yılında 102 km2 olan yapay alanların 2034 yılına kadar yaklaşık 140 km2’ye, Datça'da ise 2022 yılında 33 km2 olan yapay alanların 2034 yılında 61 km2'ye çıkacağını tahmin etmektedir. Çalışma, yapay alanların düşük yükseklik ve eğim değerlerine sahip kentsel alanlar ve yol ağları çevresinde gelişme olasılığının daha yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, turizmin doğal kaynaklar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için sürdürülebilir turizm uygulamalarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma politika yapıcıların ve paydaşların, turizm endüstrisinin ihtiyaçları ile doğal kaynakların korunması arasında denge kuran sürdürülebilir arazi kullanım uygulamalarına öncelik vermelerini önermektedir. Çalışma, Bodrum ve Datça’da turizmin arazi kullanımı üzerindeki mekânsal etkilerine ilişkin önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve gelecek nesiller için çevrenin korunması amacıyla sürdürülebilir turizm uygulamalarına ve sorumlu arazi kullanım planlamasına duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca gelecek araştırmacılar için Bodrum ve Datça gibi önemli turistik bölgelerde turizmin arazi kullanımı üzerindeki etkilerini ve gelecek arazi kullanım senaryolarını inceleyen kapsamlı bir araştırma önerilebilir. Nitekim yapılacak çalışma, turizm faaliyetlerinin bölgedeki arazi kullanımı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek ve sürdürülebilir arazi kullanımı senaryoları geliştirmek için daha geniş yıl aralıklı olarak çalışılabilir.

Türkiye possesses abundant geothermal resources. It is ranked seventh globally for this particular energy resources and grade among the first 5 in utilizing geothermal and thermal springs for various purposes such as electricity generation, residential cooling and heating, greenhouse operations, desiccating processes, thermal recreation, therapeutic applications, mining, agricultural uses, and aquaculture. The government's endorsement from renewable power sources is fueling growing interest on this particular energy sector. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of geothermal energy in select locations of Türkiye, including an assessment of its potential and various applications. The study seeks to provide a valuable involvement to the future advancements of a geothermal technology on Türkiye.

This study examines the anti-tumor, pro-apoptotic, and genotoxic effects of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor RO3280 on the gastric cancer cell line SNU-16. Using the XTT assay, the antiproliferative effect of the compound was identified and showed a significant antiproliferative effect (p

In this case, we report tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in a patient with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab. There are only a few studies reporting the development of TLS associated with pembrolizumab, but this is the first report to include a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We think that this case report may help us to improve our current understanding of TLS in solid tumors, particularly nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We also believe that there should be a multidisciplinary treatment and prophylactic approach for TLS, a potentially fatal complication associated with pembrolizumab treatment.

The digitization of the healthcare industry has led to a growing number of applications that use machine learning and image processing techniques to improve the diagnostic process. These applications utilize a variety of medical data, including laboratory results, clinical findings, MRI scans, tomographic images, and radiological images. In addition, free-text healthcare documentation, such as well-structured discharge summaries, contains valuable information. Natural Language Processing encompasses the development of automated systems for generating health reports. This process involves using domain-specific knowledge and prior knowledge to extract relevant information from medical records. This article investigates the use of natural language processing techniques for chest X-ray classification. A total of 14 distinct impressions derived from chest radiography findings from the MIMIC-CXR dataset were used in a multi-label classification procedure. Six distinct language models derived from the BERT language model, along with three distinct classification algorithms, were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the models and the dataset for multi-label categorization. The experimental results showed a successful prediction rate of 80.47% for 14 distinct impressions within the dataset.

The physical ruggedness of the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire, along with its diversity in terms of religion, sects, orders, and ethnicity, made political, military, and security control challenging. Sharing these borders with a state like Iran, which was not only politically but also religiously and denominationally opposed, encouraged the presence and longevity of organized structures such as tribes and orders in the region. In the historical course of the region and the development of Ottoman-Iranian relations, from the 16th century onwards, Kurdish emirates and tribes played a more influential role, while in the mid-19th century, Sufi order sheikhs began to take the forefront. The effect of the centralizing administrative reforms implemented as a result of Ottoman modernization efforts in the region played a significant role in such a transformation. With these reforms, the emirate system was abolished, and central bureaucrats were appointed to newly established administrative positions. These bureaucrats, unfamiliar with the structure of the region, proved inadequate in resolving traditional issues that arose among the tribes. This chaotic situation in the region contributed to the prominence and increasing political influence of Sufi order sheikhs, who held a supra-tribal position. As this process continued, it also influenced Ottoman-Iranian relations, with Sufi order sheikhs becoming important actors in the region, regardless of sectarian differences in some cases. In the rise of orders in the region, in addition to reforms, the negative consequences of Western countries’ increasing pressure on the Islamic world and their missionary activities also played a significant role. This study aims to shed light on the role of Sufi orders in Ottoman-Iranian relations, based on the activities of Sheikh Ma’ruf, who is identified as a Qadiri sheikh from the Berzenci family. Sheikh Ma’ruf, along with his numerous followers and disciples, not only sought to preserve and perpetuate the Sunni Sufi tradition in the Merivan region of Iran but also became a socio-economic and political force for both countries by engaging in agriculture and farming in the territories under his influence, contributing to production. Therefore, the migration of Sheikh Ma’ruf and his settlement in Ottoman territories has multifaceted significance in this context.

Objective: To reveal the profile and practice in patients with acute stroke who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and/or neuro-interventional therapy in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: On World Stroke Awareness Day, May 10, 2018, 1,790 patients hospitalized in 87 neurology units spread over 30 health regions were evaluated retrospectively and prospectively. Results: Intravenous tPA was administered to 12% of 859 cases of acute ischemic stroke in 45 units participating in the study. In the same period, 8.3% of the cases received neurointerventional treatment. The rate of good prognosis [modified Rankin score (mRS) 0–2] at discharge was 46% in 83 patients who received only IV tPA [age: 67 +- 12 years; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): 12 +- 6; hospital stay, 24 +- 29 days]; 35% in 51 patients who underwent thrombectomy (MT) alone (age: 64 +- 13 years; NIHSS: 14.1 +- 6.5; length of hospital stay, 33 +- 31 days), 19% in those who received combined treatment (age: 66 +- 14 years; NIHSS: 15.6 +- 5.4; length of hospital stay, 26 +- 35 days), and 56% of 695 patients who did not receive treatment for revascularization (age: 70 +- 13 years; NIHSS: 7.6 +- 7.2; length of hospital stay, 21 +- 28 days). The symptom-to-door time was 87 +- 53 minutes in the IV treatment group and 200 +- 26 minutes in the neurointerventional group. The average door-to-needle time was 66 +- 49 minutes in the IV tPA group. In the neurothrombectomy group, the door-to-groin time was 103 +- 90 minutes, and the TICI 2b-3 rate was 70.3%. In 103 patients who received IV tPA, the discharge mRS 0–2 was 41%, while the rate of mRS 0–1 was 28%. In 71 patients who underwent neurothrombectomy, the mRS 0–2 was 31% and mRS 0–1 was 18%. The door-to-groin time was approximately 30 minutes longer if IV tPA was received (125 +- 107 and 95 +- 83 minutes, respectively). Symptomatic bleeding rates were 4.8% in IV recipients, 17.6% among those who received only MT, and 15% in combined therapy. Globally, the hemorrhage rate was 6.8% in patients receiving IV tPA and 16.9% in MT. Conclusion: IV thrombolytic and neurointerventional treatment applications in acute ischemic stroke in Türkiye can provide the anticipated results. Heterogeneity has begun to be reduced in our country with the dissemination of the system indicated by the 'Directive on Health Services to be Provided to Patients with Acute Stroke.'

Students experience stress because of difficult and demanding situations, which are related to metacognitive abilities and emotional control techniques. College students experience negative emotions frequently, which affect their capacity for metacognition. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between college students' perceptions of stress, metacognition, and emotional control. 226 college students in all, ranging in age from 18 to 35, participated in the cross-sectional study (M = 24.8, SD = 4.87). Participants completed a sociodemographic form, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. The study's findings showed that the majority of participants experienced moderate stress (Male= M = 32.4, SD = 5.3, Female= M = 28.7, SD = 4.9), and male students reported less mastery of metacognitive processes than female students. Additionally, a negative link between perceived stress and emotional regulation was discovered, suggesting that a low degree of emotional regulation was associated with a high level of stress. The findings further showed that higher levels of stress were associated with weaker metacognitive capacity and lower use of reappraisal as an emotional regulation method, respectively (r(224)=-.182). These results demonstrated a relationship between perceived stress, metacognitive abilities, and emotional regulation that might have significant consequences for supporting and promoting college student performance.

Current research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is generally based on quantitative methodology. This indicates a lack of information on how ADHD individuals explain this phenomenon, and what they experience. The aim of this research is to reveal how attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is experienced in adolescents and how adolescents explain this phenomenon. The participants in this study were ten adolescents aged 11-18 who were diagnosed with ADHD and did not have a comorbid diagnosis. Participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted and recorded on an online platform, and a transcript of the voice recording of each participant was then created. The texts obtained from the transcripts were analyzed with an interpretative phenomenological analysis. As a result of the analysis, the following themes were found: Academic difficulty, normalizing and affirming the diagnosis, living with undesirable emotions and behaviors, and negative social experiences. The findings reveal that the ADHD-related experiences of adolescents and their explanations for the ADHD diagnosis are not of a single nature. Instead, they were also perceived in a positive light as well as negative. The results reveal that the awareness of professionals and families who have contact with ADHD-diagnosed adolescents should be raised, and interventional and motivational programs directed at ADHD treatment-related negative experiences of adolescents can be organized.

The benefits of probiotics for animal health are widely recognised. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on diet digestibility, faecal characteristics, intestinal shedding of microbiota, and hematological characteristics in healthy dogs. Adult Golden Retriever dogs (n = 18) were divided into three groups: the control group (no B. subtilis), the BS1 group (1 × 109 CFU/g of B. subtilis), and the BS2 group (2 × 109 CFU/g of B. subtilis). Dogs were fed for a 30-day administration period, and total faeces were collected in the last five days. On the first and last days of the study, blood samples were taken to determine hematological characteristics. In addition, the dry matter content, faecal consistency score, faecal output, pH, ammonia level, and quantity of short- and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and BCFAs) in faecal samples were also evaluated. Results revealed that the dry matter, fibre, organic matter, and protein digestibility coefficients were higher in BS1 and BS2 (p

Zihgir genellikle okçulukta başparmağa takılan bir yüzük olup, yaralanmaları önlemek ve koruma sağlamak için kullanılmıştır. Günümüz bilgilerine göre zihgir genellikle dayanıklı malzemelerden kemik, boynuz, metal gibi tarih boyunca imal edile gelmiştir. Çalışmanın esas amacını, sedef gibi kırılgan bir malzemeden zihgir yüzüğünün imal edilmesindeki nedenin araştırılması oluşturmaktadır. Gevale Kalesinde bulunan sedef bir zihgir ile daha önce karşılaşılmaması da çalışmayı önemli bir konuma taşımaktadır. Araştırmalarımızda ve son verilerde zighirin kadın, erkek ve çocuklarda kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Ancak müzelerdeki Osmanlı dönemi padişah zihgirleri ve günümüzde geleneksel okçuluk sporu yapan erkeklerin başparmak ölçüleri dikkate alındığında; araştırma ile Gevale Sedef Zihgirinin bir erkeğe ait olabileceği ispat edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Diğer bir sorun zihgirin ilk ne zaman ortaya çıktığı, kullanılmaya başlandığıyla ilgilidir. Zihgirin ilk ortaya çıkışı ele alınırken, örneklerinin yetersizliğinden dolayı, okçuluk ve atlı okçuluğun görüldüğü sanat eserlerinden yola çıkılarak birtakım veriler elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun için Türklerde yay tutuş ve ok atışı esnasındaki başparmak çekişi üzerinde durulmuştur. Aynı zamanda zihgir bir takı olarak da yüzük çeşidi şeklinde kullanılmıştır. Zihgirlerde kullanılan malzeme, ne amaçla yapıldıkları ve çeşitleri irdelenmiştir. Türk kültüründeki atlı okçuluğa bağlı olarak yeri, sanat eserlerindeki örnekleri minyatürler, çini, sikke ve metal küçük el sanatlarındaki formları değerlendirilmiştir. Makalede Konya Gevale Kalesi Arkeolojik kazılarında ortaya çıkartılan; sedef zihgirin yapılış amacı, kimin tarafından kullanıldığı, dönemi üzerine ayrıntılı bir irdeleme yapılmıştır.

Babesiosis, a very important vector disease, has also been detected in humans and animals. This study was carried out on 120 whole blood samples taken from Cankiri Municipality Animal Care and Rehabilitation Center (Türkiye) between December 2021 and 2022 in Cankiri. In this study, venous blood samples taken by a veterinarian were used for diagnosis. The 18S rRNA gene region was examined with conventional PCR analysis and the positive results were subjected to sequence analysis. As a result of sequence analysis, these positive cases were determined to be Babesia bigemina. Additionally, as a result of statistical analysis, it was found that dogs detected positive for B. bigemina did not give significant results according to age, gender or symptoms. B. bigemina detected in this study were registered in the NCBI database with 7 (Acc no: OQ186727), 12 (Acc no: OQ186720), 19 (Acc no: OQ186721), 21 (Acc no: OQ186722), 23 (Acc no: OQ18723), 28 (Acc no: OQ186724), 30 (Acc no: OQ186725), and 70 (Acc no: OQ186726) numbers. The B. bigemina species detected in dogs in this study is actually seen in farm animals. This study is the first detection report of B. bigemina in dogs in Turkey. As a result, Babesia species seen in dogs need to be reconsidered and investigated with the development of molecular techniques.

Objectives:The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement of visual acuity (VA) obtained with the sweep visual evoked potential (sVEP) method with the VA obtained with the Snellen chart. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of age and gender on agreement.Materials and Methods:Best corrected VAs of subjects were recorded with the Snellen chart, and sVEP testing was performed according to the recommendations of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Snellen VAs and sVEP measurements were analyzed using logMAR conversion for statistical analysis. Agreement was evaluated with Bland-Altman analysis.Results:The study included 49 subjects with a mean age of 53.5±17.3 years (range: 19-75 years) and mean Snellen VA of 0.31±0.32 logMAR (range: 1.3-0.0 logMAR). In the Bland-Altman analysis, the mean differences between the VA and sVEP measurements (VA-sVEP) were significantly different and outside the limits of agreement (p=0.035). A significant proportional bias (p=0.0007) was found in the regression analysis performed between VA-sVEP and the mean VA. According to the Bland-Altman analysis of sex subgroups, there was a significant difference between VA and sVEP measurements in female subjects (p=0.006). The difference between VA and sVEP measurement increased significantly with older age (R2: 0.306, p

The concept of lighting is of great importance in providing the security that people need so that they can have a quality of life and in meeting their aesthetic needs. Lighting design is related to the physical structure and the environment, and thanks to the lighting design, the aesthetic and functional needs of people will be met and the quality of life will be increased. The need to reflect the historical, cultural and aesthetic values of the city has brought the issue of urban lighting to the agenda. Lighting systems, which are applied without paying attention to the necessary lighting standards and criteria, cause some problems in urban spaces. One of these problems is light pollution; It is generally defined as the use of light in the wrong place, in the wrong amount, in the wrong direction and at the wrong time. Light pollution adversely affects the natural life and daily lives of people, and it is necessary to take various measures to eliminate such negativities in human life, to detect and eliminate these problems. In this study; The standards for the lighting of the city parks obtained by the literature studies were determined, the current lighting situation of the Butterfly Valley Park and the recommended lighting design produced by the Relux software in accordance with the standards. According to the findings; In the current lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the lighting of all the lamps of the area has been calculated as 96 005.0 W. In the proposed lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the burning of all lamps was calculated as 27 630.0 W. The obtained energy gain was found to be 96 005.0 W – 36 700.0 W = 68 375.0 W. As a result of working in the light of this information, energy savings of 1 in 3 have been achieved.

Postmodernizm, son yıllarda pek çok disiplin tarafından sıkça tartışılan ve farklı bakış açılarıyla tanımlanmaya çalışılan bir kavramdır. Bazı araştırmacılara göre postmodernizm, modernizmin sonrasını, ondan kopuşu ifade ederken, bazı araştırmacılara göre modernizmin değişen yüzünü, onun devamını ve kapitalizmin ürününü ifade etmektedir. Postmodern dönem, geleneksel değerlerin ve normların zayıfladığı, bireyselliğin ön plana çıktığı ve sürekli değişimin hâkim olduğu bir dönem olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu dönemde tüketim kültürü, geleneksel tüketim alışkanlıklarından farklı olarak birçok yeni boyut kazanmış ve tüketim kültüründe önemli değişimlere yol açmıştır. Postmodern dönemde tüketim, artık sadece temel ihtiyaçları karşılamaktan öte, bir yaşam tarzını ifade etme ve kimlik oluşturma aracı haline gelmiştir. Bu dönemde tüketici kültürünün oluşumunda iletişimin önemli bir rolü olduğunu ifade etmek mümkündür. Reklam, pazarlama, dijital medya ve sosyal ağlar gibi iletişim araçları, tüketicilerin algılarını etkileyerek markaların ve ürünlerin tercih edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Postmodern dönemde, tüketici davranışları giderek daha karmaşık hale gelirken iletişim stratejileri de bu değişime ayak uydurmuştur. Geleneksel reklamcılık yerine duygusal bağlar kurma, hikâye anlatımı, etkileşim ve kişiselleştirme gibi stratejiler önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada toplumdaki tüketim kültürünün inşasında iletişimin stratejik rolünün ortaya koyulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, postmodernizm ve tüketim kültürü arasındaki ilişkiyi iletişim boyutuyla ele alması nedeniyle özgünlük sağlamaktadır. Tüketim kültürünün postmodern dönemde nasıl şekillendiği, tüketici davranışlarının nasıl değiştiği ve iletişim stratejilerinin tüketiciler üzerindeki etkisi gibi konular, çalışmanın önemli odak noktalarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte ihtiyaç kavramının değiştiği, tüketim kültürü ve alışkanlıklarının hızla topluma yayıldığı, bireylerin toplumsal statülerinin işaret değeri yüksek tüketim malları ile oluşturulduğu görülmektedir.

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common directly preventable cause of ischemic stroke. There is no dependable neurology-based data on the spectrum of stroke caused by AF in our country. Within the scope of NeuroTek-Turkey, hospital-based data on acute stroke patients with AF were collected to contribute to the creation of acute stroke algorithms. Materials and Methods: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common directly preventable cause of ischemic stroke. There is no dependable neurology-based data on the spectrum of stroke caused by AF in Türkiye. Within the scope of NöroTek-Türkiye (TR), hospital-based data on acute stroke patients with AF were collected to contribute to the creation of acute-stroke algorithms. Results: The rate of AF in patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke/TIA was 29.8%, of which 65% were known before stroke, 5% were paroxysmal, and 30% were diagnosed after hospital admission. The proportion of patients with AF who received 'effective' treatment [international normalization ratio ≥2.0 warfarin or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) at a guideline dose] was 25.3%, and, either no medication or only antiplatelet was used in 42.5% of the cases. The low dose rate was 50% in 42 patients who had a stroke while taking NOACs. Anticoagulant was prescribed to the patient at discharge at a rate of 94.6%; low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin was prescribed in 28.1%, warfarin in 32.5%, and NOACs in 31%. The dose was in the low category in 22% of the cases discharged with NOACs, and half of the cases, who received NOACs at admission, were discharged with the same drug. Conclusion: NöroTekTR revealed the high but expected frequency of AF in acute stroke in Türkiye, as well as the aspects that could be improved in the management of secondary prophylaxis. AF is found in approximately one-third of hospitalized acute stroke cases in Türkiye. Effective anticoagulant therapy was not used in three-quarters of acute stroke cases with known AF. In AF, heparin, warfarin, and NOACs are planned at a similar frequency (one-third) within the scope of stroke secondary prophylaxis, and the prescribed NOAC dose is subtherapeutic in a quarter of the cases. Non-medical and medical education appears necessary to prevent stroke caused by AF.

Purpose:. This study examined the leadership development themes that global orthopaedic surgeons in differently resourced countries perceive as essential components and evaluated barriers to attending leadership development programs. Methods:. This multinational, 45-question survey engaged orthopaedic surgeons (one expert per country). The questionnaire collected participants' demographics, perception of effective leadership traits, and valuation of various leadership themes based on importance and interest. Results:. The survey was completed by 110 orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. Respondents most commonly reported holding a leadership position (87%) in hospital settings (62%), clinical settings (47%), and national orthopaedic societies (46%). The greatest proportion of participants reported having never attended a leadership course (42%). Participants regarded “high performing team-building,” “professional ethics,” and “organizational structure and ability to lead” as the most important leadership themes. No significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were identified among perceived importance or interest in leadership themes between income levels; however, statistically significant differences were identified in the questionnaire; respondents in low- and middle-income countries (LICs/LMICs) demonstrated a stronger interest in attending a leadership course than those in high-income countries (HICs) (98% vs. 79%, P = 0.013), and fewer surgeons in LICs/LMICs had taken personality assessment tests than those in HICs (22% vs. 49%, P = 0.019). The most common barriers to attending leadership courses were lack of opportunities and invitations (57%), difficulty missing work (22%), and cost of course attendance (22%). Conclusions:. These findings can better inform the development of effective curricula and provide a framework for a successful model for the future. Level of Evidence:. V.

Bladder diverticula can be congenital or acquired in children. In this study, we present three male patients with congenital bladder diverticulum who underwent laparoscopic diverticulum excision. The main presenting symptoms of the patients were abdominal pain and urinary tract infection. Two patients also had vesicoureteral reflux. Postoperatively, symptoms associated with the urinary system disappeared in all patients. Laparoscopic diverticulum excision is preferred as an effective surgical method in children.

Objective: De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment. Treatment options include conservative measures, injections, and surgery. The main purpose of this study is to eliminate uncertainty in the choice of treatment and to recommend the appropriate treatment to the patient based on Michigan hand questionnaire. Material and Methods: The age, sex, and treatment modality of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Patients' Michigan outcomes were assessed, and patients were divided into three groups: Patients who benefited from conservative treatments (Group 1), from injections (Group 2), and from surgery (Group 3). Statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: The mean age of the 56 patients (54 women, 2 men) was 35.1±11.4 years. There was a difference between all groups in total hand function and pain scores (p < 0.05). Patients in group 1 were significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Various methods have been described for De Quervain's tenosynovitis’s treatment. Choosing the right therapeutic steps for the right patients is important. It is possible to select treatment options by assessing overall hand function and activities of daily living with the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire

In this study, the scheduling problem of air traffic controllers (ATCo) providing area control services in Turkey is discussed. Airspace is divided into multiple sectors, as controllers can control a limited number of aircraft in a given time period.The area control service provided for the flights at the en-route phase includes both of the transit and domestic flights.The traffic density in these sectors varies according to hourly zones, day-night hours and seasons. As the traffic density increases, the workload also increases. In addition, seasonal differences and weather conditions are factors that affect the workload. In the study, a two-stage mathematical model is proposed in order to balance the workload distribution of the controllers, considering the estimated traffic demand and weather conditions in the sectors. In the first stage, shift assignments were made to balance the total workload of the teams consisting of a certain number of people in a ten-day period. In the second stage, the controllers were scheduled to balance the workloads of the teams in each shift. In addition to the working conditions of the controllers such as work and rest hours, the difference of experienced and inexperienced ATCo is also considered.

Manyeto-Reolojik (MR) sıvı uygun bir manyetik alan ile uyarıldığında, görünür viskozitelerinde çok hızlı ve tersinebilen değişimler elde edilen, akıllı malzemelerin bir türüdür. Manyetik alanın kontrolünün kolay olması, bu sıvıları özellikle sönümleyici olarak kullanılabilmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde doğrusal çalışan damper (sönümleyici, amortisör) ile, dönel olarak çalışan damper (kavrama, fren gibi) tasarımları mevcuttur. Kısıtlı Açılı Dönel MR (KAD-MR) damper ise, açısal olarak sınırlandırılmış dönme hareketiyle MR sıvıyı bir bölmeden diğer bölmeye aktarırken, belirlenen akış bölgesinde MR sıvının manyetik alana maruz bırakıldığı cihazdır. Bu çalışmada yeni bir KAD-MR Damperin kavramsal tasarımı yapılmış ve tork performansını etkileyen tasarım parametrelerinin, hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) yardımıyla, belirlenen hedef değerler için en uygun tasarım parametreleri belirlenmiştir.

This paper conceptualizes the theory-of-reasoned-action and attitude-to-behavior process model and integrates them into previous research. The target is to see whether social capital has any significant role in sharing of knowledge in organizations. To achieve the purpose, the researchers empirically tested 11 hypotheses (nine were put to validation as these hypotheses have already been tested in other settings while two were put to test for the first time) by employing confirmatory factor analysis as a statistical technique. Data for the study were collected from 114 faculty members of two universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The results validated the majority (8 out of the 9) of the previously tested hypotheses and evidence of the significant contribution of social networks and shared goals on an employee’s willingness of sharing knowledge. However, social trust has shown a significant contribution in the reverse direction which is very interesting and needs further in-depth exploration. Similarly, hypotheses 10 and 11, which were put to test for the first time, were not supported by the empirical data. As a whole, the results of this study warrant organizations that knowledge sharing is indisputable for remaining viable in the market. The results have also made this evident that employees are willing to share knowledge if organizations provide a more conducive atmosphere to affect knowledge sharing. The results also challenge the absoluteness of trust and demand organizations that could have negative results as well. The results have practical as well as theoretical implications. The study has some limitations as well.

Pediatrik hastada mandibula kondil kırıkları ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilen maksillofasiyal yaralanmalardır. Kondil kırıkları, mandibulanın en sık görülen kırıklarıdır. Tedavide açık ve kapalı yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle pediatrik hastalarda kapalı yöntem, açık yönteme oranla daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı, travma sonucu unilateral kondil kırığı olan hastanın kapalı yaklaşımla tedavi öncesi ve sonrası erken dönem klinik ve radyolojik bulgularının değerlendirilmesidir. Bu olgu sunumunda, masadan düşme sonucu kliniğimize başvuran ( 2, ♂ ) hastada unilateral kondil kırığının alt çeneye uygulanan oklüzyonu yükseltilmiş sert plak ve Barton bandajıyla tedavisi ele alındı. Haftalık yapılan kontroller sonucu 1.ay sonunda semptomlarda iyileşme ve kırık bölgesinde kallus oluşumu izlendi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kondil kırığı, Mandibula, Pediatrik Hasta

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between non-simultaneous contralateral hip fractures, urban and rural differences, fracture localization, time between fractures, physiotherapy applications, comorbidity, and the second fracture outcomes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 107 patients aged 65 and older with proximal femur fractures (PFFs) who underwent surgery at Düzce University Medical Faculty between January 2010 and December 2022. High-energy fractures, pathological fractures, and patients with a history of old fractures were excluded. Results: The study included 66 females (61.7%) and 41 males (38.3%), with a mean age of 83.76 years. The mean interval between two fractures was 28.3 months. There was no statistical difference between the localization of the first and second fractures (p = 0.107). However, there was a significant difference in the first PFF localizations of patients living in rural areas (p = 0.023). Patients with heart failure, respiratory failure, osteoporosis, and cognitive impairment had shorter intervals between fractures (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that age, female gender, place of residence, comorbid diseases, and whether physical therapy is received after the first fracture are significant risk factors for a second hip fracture in patients over 65 years of age.

Introduction Re-establishing “dipping” physiology significantly reduces cardiovascular events. The aim was to investigate the effect of timing of fixed dose triple antihypertensive combinations on blood pressure (BP) control. Methods One hundred sixteen consecutive patients (62.7 ± 10.7 years, 38 men) with grade II hypertension were randomized into four groups. Group 1 and Group 2 patients were given angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-based triple antihypertensive pills to be taken in the morning or evening, respectively while Group 3 and Group 4 patients were given angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) based triple antihypertensive pills to be taken in the morning or evening, respectively. All patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring 1 month after the initiation of treatment. Results There were not any significant differences in the characteristics, BP values and loads among groups. All patients in each group had good BP control. Dipping pattern in systolic BP was observed significantly less in Group 3 patients taking ARB in the morning (3 patients) compared to other groups (12 patients) in each group, [P = .025]. Similarly, dipping pattern in diastolic BP was observed significantly less in Group 3 patients (4 patients) compared to others (13 patients) in Group 1 and 15 patients in Group 2 and Group 4, [P = .008]. Nondipping pattern was significantly associated with taking ARB in the morning, even when adjusted by age, sex, and other comorbidities. Conclusion Fixed dose triple antihypertensive drug combinations enable good BP control regardless of the timing of drug while ARB-based ones may be taken in the evening to ensure dipping physiology.

Introduction: The measures taken against Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positively impacted the reduction of its transmission. In addition, these measures also significantly decreased the spread of infections caused by other respiratory viruses. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of respiratory virus infections, other than SARS-CoV-2, during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and investigated their course during both the quarantine and normalization periods. Materials and Methods: Swab samples sent to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine Hospital Medical Microbiology Laboratory between May 2017 and May 2022 to determine the viral agents of respiratory tract infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were retrospectively scanned. Results: A total of 187,240 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were performed between April 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, and 14,773 (9.82%) tests were reported as positive. Based on our observation, the viruses demonstrating a decrease during the pandemic period were influenza A and B, seasonal H1N1, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, and human herpes virus 7. No changes were observed in the infection rates of parvovirus B19, adenovirus, and human rhinovirus. Conclusion: In our study, we observed a serious decline in the cases caused by other respiratory viral agents and the detection rates of these agents during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period. This can be attributed to the extensive impact of the measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate the spread of respiratory infections. Our results are a reflection of this situation. We believe that the data obtained from a large number of samples will serve as a guide for managing infections during the current pandemic and for future experiences.

Background: Right heart functions are affected in patients with bronchiectasis as a result of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxemia. Pulmonary artery wall thickness has recently been introduced as a sign of intensive and prolonged inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze right ventricular and right atrial functions and to mea-sure pulmonary artery wall thickness in patients with cystic fibrosis-bronch iecta sis in comparison to those with noncystic fibrosis-bronchiectasis and healthy individuals. Methods: We studied 36 patients with cystic fibrosis-bronchiectasis, 34 patients with noncystic fibrosis-bronchiectasis, and 32 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Lung function tests were performed. All subjects underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation including conventional, tissue Doppler, speckle-tracking, and pulmonary artery wall thickness measurements. Results: Right ventricular global longitudinal strain and global longitudinal right atrial strain during ventricular systole decreased in cystic fibrosis-bronchiectasis group compared with noncystic fibrosis-bronchiectasis and control groups (P

Objective:The study was planned with the aim of investigating the opinions and experiences of forensic medicine specialists working under the roof of universities, Forensic Medicine Institute and Ministry of Health in our country on working conditions and professional practices.Methods:This study, which was planned as a questionnaire, was applied to 100 forensic medicine specialists who gave online consent between 15-25 January 2021, coinciding with the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic period.Results:The fact that the Ministry of Health group was 53% and the proportion of forensic medicine specialists in the relatively young age group (50 years and younger) was 86% among the groups participating in the survey, made us think that this group may reflect the problems and working conditions more. It has been observed that the Forensic Medicine Institute group workes in better conditions compared to other groups (Ministry of Health and University) in terms of economic and working environment.Conclusion:The results of the study revealed that there is an unplanned workforce in the field of forensic medicine in our country, there are working conditions and economic injustice between institutions and it needs to be corrected urgently. It has been clearly seen that there is uncertainty in the field in terms of being the responsible physician and physician in charge of the Child Monitoring Centers, and that this group of physicians, who have special knowledge and experience in the field of trauma, should be encouraged to this special area related to child abuse.

Today’s cities show an unplanned and rapid development in direct proportion to the development of technology. As a result of rapid and unplanned development, the natural silhouette of the cities has deteriorated and the proportion of reinforced concrete structures has increased day by day. For these reasons, putting green areas in the second plan causes some ecological problems for the city. The existence and sustainability of green areas are among the most important approaches that can reduce these problems. If we look at the concept of sustainability and its derivatives, the university campuses in the city give the appearance of a small city model and the green campus, sustainable campus, eco-campus, etc. that have emerged in recent years. Due to these concepts, in this study, “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus”, located within the provincial borders of Konya, was chosen as the study area. The aim of the study was to determine the shadow lengths created by the buildings in the “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus” on the green areas and the new building or open green areas, and according to the light, shade and water requirements of the plants in the open green areas in line with the obtained data. Its contribution to ecological sustainability and green campus studies has been evaluated by revealing whether it is placed in areas with 2D (2D)-3D (3D) software and with different analysis techniques. In the light of the data obtained; It is seen that the shadow periods created by the buildings in Selcuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus are higher in December and February, and the shadow durations are less in other months. The shadow periods of the building’s immediate surroundings are longer than the open areas. It has been determined that the species in the vicinity of the building are adversely affected by this situation. Plants are exposed to the sun, especially in the summer months, so the water demand and consumption of plants increases.

Memorable food experiences are an important factor in both the tourism business and destination marketers and managers attracting not only current tourists but also potential tourists. Recently, several studies have been performed to explore or understand memorable food experiences, as food experiences are a crucial indicator of tourist behavioural intentions and satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to understand tourists’ memorable local food experiences, food experience satisfaction, and behavioural intentions. Accordingly, data was collected through online reviews (424) posted about tourists’ memorable local food experiences in Gaziantep between 9 April 2021 and 29 May 2021. A phenomenological approach and content analysis technique were used to analyse the data. In the results of the present study, a theoretical model of memorable local food experiences (MLFEs) was developed with six key components: novelty, hospitality and services, taste and food attributes, togetherness and local interactions, ambience and setting, and local culture. In addition, tourists’ food experience satisfaction and behavioural intentions were found to be positive while experiencing regional local food. Based on the results of this study, practical and managerial implications are discussed, and future research recommendations are proposed.