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In a dynamic coastal environment, the morphology of a sandbar is anticipated to change regularly, particularly when there is a large annual sediment supply. The study explored the nature and magnitude of a developing sandbar’s morphological changes between 1972 and 2006 in Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, using five different satellite images. The sandbar’s changes across the shoreline were calculated using field survey data and manual-drawing outlines of overlaid maps. The study revealed continuous and rapid morphological changes of the sandbar along the Island’s shoreline. The net annual rate of shoreline displacement ranges between 3.94 m and 7.79 m during the period. These might directly result from the Island being exposed to huge wave and tidal action and excessive sediment supply around the Island. Transect 3 represents the sandbar’s head and appears to be the most active zone with the most significant annual shoreline displacement of 22.00 m. The sandbar’s far end around Transect 7 is more stable with a yearly shoreline displacement of 0.50 m. Changes were more drastic between 1999 and 2006 than between 1972 and 1999. These rapid changes after 1999 could indicate that the sandbar is becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic changes and the adverse effects of sea-level rise.

A 30 years old woman was diagnosed as surgically induced diffuse scleritis following an uneventful strabismus surgery. The disease was stable with topical and systemic steroid but did not completely recover. So, immunomodulatory therapy with Oral Methotrexate was started. Keywords: Multifocal, diffuse scleritis, surgically induced, strabismus surgery

Background: Surgical defects of oral cavity and orofacial region are challenging because of the aesthetic and functional demands and dynamic nature of the area. A multitude of reconstructive options are available and with the advent of musculocutaneous flaps and free microvascular tissue transfer, orofacial reconstruction has entered an era of sophistication whereby repair of defects of all types and sizes has become possible. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the functional outcome, surface texture and complications of nasolabial flap for reconstruction in the buccal mucosal defects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted 20 patients with clinical histological diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC;T1-T3 ) involving buccal mucosa attending in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital during this study period were included purposively in the study. All patients were treated by excision of the lesion and subsequent reconstruction of the defect by nasolabial flap. If indicated then patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. They were examined preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, on discharge and 3 months after operation. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistics (version 20) software. To find out the significance of the result one way ANOVA was conducted and the Post Hoc Test was done by LSD. Results: Among 20 patients 15% (3) patients developed infection, 15% (3) patients developed dehiscence. Trismus occurred in 5% (1) patient. In assessment of interincisal opening of the patients, 90% (18) presented with adequate interincisal opening but it has been reduced in 10% (2) patients after radiotherapy. In 90% (18) patients surface texture of the flap were smooth and in 10% (2) were partially smooth. Conclusion:The nasolabial flap has proved to be a useful and reliable option for reconstruction of defects of the buccal mucosa in order to allow wound closure without tension and maintain oral function. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-1, April 2019, Page 48-53

A 40-year-old woman had been suffering of many symptoms of Behçet’s disease (BD) since her childhood without being diagnosed. She had recurrent mouth ulcers and from the age of 21 vulva ulcers followed by loss of vision due to central retinitis and later also ankle arthritis. At the age of 31, uveitis due to BD was diagnosed. The fact that BD is often not recognized in Bangladesh explains the marked delay in her diagnosis. The initial central retinitis responded well to oral glucocorticoids, azathioprine and cyclosporine, but in the course of time she became refractory to these agents. Considering her financial constraints, low dose Infliximab (3mg/kg) was used resulting in a remarkable but temporal improvement, she came in remission by using 5mg/kg regimen with increased interval time. We summarize the treatment options for ocular involvement in BD patients Conclusions: In countries like Bangladesh diagnosis of Behçet’s disease can be delayed. Early cooperation of dermatologists and eye surgeons with rheumatologists is necessary. Most cases of resistant ocular BD can nowadays be successfully treated with anti TNF-agents. Promising results are published with other biologics for refractory and multi-resistant cases.

Background : Throughout the world, a demographic revolution is underway. The proportion of older people is growing faster than any other group. A growth spurt in the number of elderly persons has resulted from improvements in both social living conditions and medical care. This poses tremendous challenges to health and social policy planners, particularly because disease patterns will shift concurrently. Objectives : The present study was planned and carried out with the aim of assessment of the oral hygiene practice and oral health status among geriatric population. Materials & Methods : This cross sectional study was done among the geriatric population with a view to assess their oral hygiene practice and oral health status. Purposively selected 26 geriatric peoples were interviewed through a structured closed end questionnaire followed by a observational checklist. Results : In this study, it is found that most (84.6%) respondents brush their teeth regularly; more than half (57.7%) respondents brush their teeth twice; most (53.8%) of respondents brush their teeth after awake at morning, and 30.8% respondents brush 2-3 min; half of respondents use tooth brush and tooth paste. In this study, it is found that, respondents aged 70 years have Decayed Missed Filled Teeth (DMFT) (mean ± SD) 5.20 5.72, OHI (mean ± SD) 2.56 01.87. We also found that, respondents have Plaque Index (PI) (mean ± SD) 1.29 1.50, and GI (mean ± SD) 0.20 0.44. Conclusion : Oral health is one of the important components of aging; due to the presence of oral disease, it can affect general health and quality of life of elderly people. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 48-52

Background Acute retinal necrosis is a rare but devastating ocular condition. We report two cases of acute retinal necrosis in immunocompetent patients, complicated by cystoid macular oedema and treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (OZURDEX®) implant. Results Two patients diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis were treated with intravenous acyclovir. Both of them developed cystoid macular oedema following resolution of viral retinitis. Ocular condition of the first patient was further complicated by central serous chorioretinopathy. Under unavoidable circumstances, cystoid macular oedema in both the patients was treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant with great caution. Resolution of cystoid macular oedema without recurrence of viral retinitis was noted in the long-term follow-up. Conclusions Findings of the case report should be interpreted cautiously, and extreme caution should be exercised prior deciding the management with a corticosteroid implant in patients with viral retinitis. However, intravitreal dexamethasone implant can be a useful option in selected patients with cystoid macular oedema in acute retinal necrosis.

In this paper the results of feasibility study to generate electrical energy from waves of the Bay of Bengal have been discussed. The wave resource assessment, economic conditions, challenges and the cost estimation for power generation are also described. Calculation of Wave energy and an analysis of energy fluctuation at various months of different consecutive years and it is observed that, April to October waves have travelled with a lot of energy and a considerable amount of energy at November to March in Bay of Bengal at Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong. The energy is wave dominated. Due to availability of generated wave, it is possible to generate Power with full pace from April to October and considerable amount can be generated at rest of the months. In the circumstances of Bangladesh energy source research on renewable is most important to mitigate the increasing power demand and a contribution to reduce global warming. In the circumstances of Bangladesh energy source research on renewable is most important to mitigate the increasing power demand and a contribution to reduce global warming. Moreover, a new design methodology of ocean wave energy conversion is described. This design is focused on the velocity of wave and it will captured energy from wave as a thrust force and this force converted as per design. An option has been adopted for hybridization from various renewable sources of that device which can reduces the cost of device and increase the power generation. The method can apply to conversion the energy from the ocean all over the world.

not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 110-111

At present species of Hypnea are only the exportable seaweeds in Bangladesh. They are widely distributed around St. Martin Island and have already been successfully cultivated in this area holding bright prospect for mass production. Higher Education Commission of Pakistan