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Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546T and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots (strains 1318T and 1311). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains 546T and 573 were 97.8% identical to Roseomonas wenyumeiae Z23T, whereas strains 1311 and 1318T were 98.3% identical to Roseomonas ludipueritiae DSM 14915T. In addition, a 98.0% identity was observed between strains 546T and 1318T. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strains 546T and 573 clustered with R. wenyumeiae Z23T, whereas strains 1311 and 1318T grouped with R. ludipueritiae DSM 14915T. The average nucleotide identity between our isolates and members of the genus Roseomonas was below 95%. The genomic G+C content of strains 546T and 1318T was 70.9% and 69.3%, respectively. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major polar lipids, with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. According to all genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses, the four strains represent two novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the names Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov. are proposed, with 546T (= GDMCC 1.1780T = JCM 34187T) and 1318T (= GDMCC 1.1781T = JCM 34188T) as type strains, respectively. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12275-022-1428-1 and is accessible for authorized users.

To solve synchronous generator oscillations in marine power systems which cannot be effectively suppressed, according to the nonlinearity and time variability of the ship power system, a method of synchronous generator excitation control for a ship based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. Under different working conditions, three methods are automatic voltage regulator (AVR), automatic voltage regulator with power system stabilizer (PSS), and ADRC methods, which are applied to the two-generator parallel-running excitation system of a ship in simulations. The simulation results show that the excitation control system based on ADRC is faster and has better anti-interference ability and has a better restraining effect on synchronous generator oscillation.

Three rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, and catalase-positive, phenotypically closely related isolates (HY052T, HY050, and HY045) were obtained from fecal samples collected from bats in Guangxi province and Chongqing city of China. Circular, smooth, light-yellow colonies appeared on brain heart infusion plate after 24–48 h incubation at 28°C. The optimal pH for growth was between 6.0 and 7.5. Based on 16S rRNA, the three isolates were phylogenetically related to Agromyces terreus DS-10T, Agromyces aureus AR33T, Agromyces salentinus 20-5T, Agromyces allii UMS-62T, Agromyces lapidis CD55T, and Agromyces italicus CD1T. Moreover, based on 296 core genes, the phylogenomic tree indicated that the three isolates clustered together, closest to Agromyces cerinus VKM Ac-1340T and Agromyces fucosus VKM Ac-1345T but separated distantly from other Agromyces species. The average nucleotide identity values between strain HY052T and other Agromyces species ranged from 79.3% to 87.9%, lower than the 95–96% threshold. Furthermore, the genome of strain HY052T contains a circular chromosome of 3,437,203 bp with G + C content of 69.0 mol%. Main fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified glycolipids. Rhamnose, ribose, and glucose were the primary cell wall sugars. The major peptidoglycan amino acids included alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. An additional remarkable difference from other Agromyces species is that MK-12 was the sole menaquinone in strain HY052T. Based on results from the polyphasic characterizations performed in this study, our isolates are proposed to be members of a novel species in genus Agromyces, named Agromyces laixinhei. The type strain is HY052T (= CGMCC 1.17175T = JCM 33695T). Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12275-021-0546-5.

From Jan. 2013 to Nov. 2018, we carried out the investigation on vegetation studies in the ecological monitoring programs, Shenzhen and totally researched 170 plant communities of mountain areas etc., few areas of street regions and parks etc., for communities’ structural characteristics and plant diversity. We comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level and the main affected factors. We also researched and analyzed these communities’ structural characteristics and pant diversity, comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level, the main affected factors; researched and analyzed the relationship between plant community structure characteristics with the absorbing ability to PM2.5 pollutants. The result showed that the structure and plant diversity of natural forest were obviously better than artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, the semi-natural forest was the middle level of the forests, In the indices of height, DBH, coverage and crow width etc. of tree layer, natural forests and semi-natural forests were obvious higher than that of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest; in some forests of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, though their richness indices of family and genus were a slightly higher, but this contribution was majorly due to herb layer plants, and some shrub layer plants. Analyzing three kinds of communities, the number of tree layer species of natural forest was the largest, and their every α-diversity index value was the highest; these characteristics values of semi-natural forest were second, artificial disturbed forests or artificial forests were the lowest; in shrub layer, and herb layer, few α-diversity indices of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest were a slightly higher than that of some natural forests, but the integral values of the diversity indices of natural forest and semi-natural forest were obviously higher than the former. The research showed that in the artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, because there have some little scale clearing areas, so some pioneer plant species could enter the community and formed a temporarily increase of species diversity, however, these species major were some shrub and herb plants; but tree layer possessed obviously more, even surpassed several ten times biomass than shrub and herb layers. Therefore, the respects of maintain ecosystem stability and other ecological efficient have major and dominated position and so on; and then this community can be natural recovery and succession, those forementioned new entire plants shall withdraw from the community and are replaced by the original plants of the community; but this process has already caused the ecological efficient loss and ecosystem unstable. Above research results are better evidence and theory reference to the argument problems on that are natural forest and natural restoration forest biodiversity higher? or is artificial forest biodiversity higher? and or is more artificial disturbed forest higher? Our researches showed that used random investigation method set quadrats, and combined typical investigation method, the structural indices in the all layer of community and all diversity indices of tree, shrub and herb layers and the integral values were similar, same or usually these indices in the community which set 600 m2, 800 m2 total quatrat area were higher (α-diversity) than that of more than 3000 m2, 4000 m2 or 7000 m2, even more than 17,000 m2 total quadrat area of communities. These lots of researches further proved that according to minimum area method for vegetation survey, in subtropical region, using random investigation method combined with typical investigation set 400 m2 or 400 m2 - 500 m2 total quad

Background. The effect of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalation anesthesia (IA) on the prognosis of breast cancer patients has been controversial. The study is aimed at exploring the effects of different anesthesia methods on the postoperative prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods. Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CNKI databases. The literature topic was to compare the effects of TIVA and IA on the prognosis of patients undergoing breast cancer resection. Two researchers extracted data from the literature independently. This study included randomized controlled trials that evaluated for risk of bias according to the “Risk assessment Tool for Bias in Randomized Trials” in the Cochrane Manual. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias in observational studies. The chi-square test was used for the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. If heterogeneity existed between literature, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding low-quality and different-effect models. Data were statistically analyzed using the Cochrane software RevMan 5.3. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical description. Results. Seven literatures were selected for meta-analysis. There were 9781 patients, 3736 (38.20%) receiving TIVA and 6045 (61.80%) receiving inhalation anesthesia. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between TIVA and IA breast cancer patients ( HR = 1.05 , 95% CI (0.91, 1.22), Z = 0.70 , P = 0.49 ). There was no difference in the literature ( χ 2 = 6.82 , P = 0.34 , I 2 = 12 % ), and there was no obvious publication bias. There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between TIVA and IA patients ( HR = 0.95 , 95% CI (0.79, 1.13), Z = 0.61 , P = 0.54 ). There was no heterogeneity in the literature ( χ 2 = 5.23 , P = 0.52 , I 2 = 0 % ), and there was no significant publication bias. Conclusion. There is no significant difference in OS and RFS between TIVA and IA patients during breast cancer resection. The prognostic effects of TIVA and IA were similar.

Four novel strains (592T, S592, MF47T and SMF47) were isolated from Tibetan antelopes (Pantholops hodgsonii) and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae), respectively. The cells were aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the four strains showed highest similarities to Aeromicrobium fastidiosum DSM 10552T (98.1, 98.6, 98.7 and 98.7 %, respectively), and the phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences indicated that strains 592T and MF47T represent two novel species. The four isolates produced acid from l-rhamnose, d-xylose and cellobiose, but were unable to reduce nitrate. The DNA G+C contents of strains 592T and MF47T were 70.3 and 69.8 mol%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains 592T and MF47T was 32.6 %, lower than the threshold of 70 %, indicating they belong to different species. The four strains’ genomes displayed less than 24.6 % DNA–DNA relatedness with all available genomes of the genus Aeromicrobium in the NCBI database, including Aeromicrobium fastidiosum NBRC 14897T and Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T. The major fatty acids of the four strains were C18 : 1 ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl, and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. Based on these genotypic, phenotypic and biochemical analyses, it is proposed that the four unidentified bacteria be classified as two novel species, Aeromicrobium chenweiae sp. nov. and Aeromicrobium yanjiei sp. nov. The type strains are 592T (=CGMCC1.16526T=DSM 106289T) and MF47T (=CGMCC 1.17444T=JCM 33790T), respectively.

Eight Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strains were isolated from faeces of Tibetan antelopes on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau of China. Genomic sequence analysis showed that the strains belong to the genera Actinomyces (strains 299T and 340), Corynebacterium (strains 2184T, 2185, 2183T and 2189) and Oceanobacillus (strains 160T and 143), respectively, with a percentage of similarity for the 16S rRNA gene under the species threshold of 98.7 % except for strains 160T and 143 with Oceanobacillus arenosus CAU 1183T (98.8 %). The genome sizes (and genomic G+C contents) were 3.1 Mb (49.4 %), 2.5 Mb (64.9 %), 2.4 Mb (66.1 %) and 4.1 Mb (37.1 %) for the type strains 299T, 2183T, 2184T and 160T, respectively. Two sets of the overall genome relatedness index values between our isolates and their corresponding closely related species were under species thresholds (95 % for average nucleotide identity, and 70 % for digital DNA–DNA hybridization). These results, together with deeper genotypic, genomic, phenotypic and biochemical analyses, indicate that these eight isolates should be classified as representing four novel species. Strain 299T (=CGMCC 1.16320T=JCM 33611T) is proposed as representing Actinomyces wuliandei sp. nov.; strain 2184T (=CGMCC 1.16417T=DSM 106203T) is proposed as representing Corynebacterium liangguodongii sp. nov.; strain 2183T (=CGMCC 1.16416T=DSM 106264T) is proposed as representing Corynebacterium yudongzhengii sp. nov.; and strain 160T (=CGMCC 1.16367T=DSM 106186T) is proposed as representing Oceanobacillus zhaokaii sp. nov.

Two novel Gram-stain-positive, irregular rod-shaped actinomycetes, S-1144T and 4053, were isolated from leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, PR China. Cells were aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Colonies on Reasoner’s 2A agar were light yellow, circular, shiny, smooth and convex after 2 days of incubation. The isolates grew optimally at 25 °C, pH 7.5 and with 0 % (w/v) NaCl. The results of polyphasic analyses indicated that strain S-1144T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and its close phylogenetic neighbours (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) were Nocardioides litoris DSM 103718T (98.4 %), Nocardioides rubriscoriae DSM 23986T (98.2%) and Nocardioides plantarum DSM 11054T (97.8 %). The genome of strain S-1144T showed less than 70 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization and < 95–96 % average nucleotide identity values to the above reference strains. The DNA G+C content of strain S-1144T was 73.5 mol%. MK-8(H4) was the predominant respiratory quinone (96.0 %) and llLL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The polar lipid profile of strain S-1144T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω8c, C17 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. On the basis of obtained data, strain S-1144T represented a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides dongxiaopingii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-1144T (=CGMCC 4.7568T=JCM 33469T).

A Gram-stain-positive, coccus-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated CF-49T, was isolated from the cloacal content of a snow finch, which was incidentally captured in a plateau pika burrow on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, PR China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain CF-49T was closely related to Vagococcus elongatus CCUG 51432T (96.5 % similarity), Vagococcus fluvialis NCFB 2497T (96.0 %) and Vagococcus lutrae CCUG 39187T (95.9 %), whereas the similarity to another isolate (CF-210) was 99.9 %. Strains CF-49T and CF-210 grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Acid was produced from N-acetylglucosamine, cellobiose, d-fructose, d-glucose, d-mannose, d-mannitol, maltose, d-ribose and salicin. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0 (35.6 %), C14 : 0 (17.3 %), C18 : 1 ω9c (16.2 %) and C16 : 1 ω9c (10.6 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7 (68.8 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.9 mol%. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization of strain CF-49T with V. fluvialis DSM 5731T, V. elongatus CCUG 51432Tand V. lutrae CCUG 39187T resulted in relatedness values of 21.4, 23.3 and 24.6 %, respectively. Based on results from polyphasic analyses, our two isolates are proposed to represent a novel species in the genus Vagococcus , with the name Vagococcus xieshaowenii. The type strain is CF-49T (=CGMCC 1.6436T=GDMCC 1.1588T=JCM 33477T).

Two strains, designated 2251T and 3058, that were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccoid or short rod-shaped bacilli, have recently been isolated from Tibetan antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results of phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains 2251T and 3058 represent a new species within the genus Paracoccus and are most similar to ‘ Paracoccus gahaiensis ’ CUG00006T (98.9 and 99.3 %), Paracoccus nototheniae I-41R45T (98.3 and 98.7 %) and Paracoccus hibiscisoli THG-T2.31T (97.6 and 97.8 %). Results of genomic sequence-based phylogenomic analysis agreed with those from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Optimal growth was achieved at pH 7.0–7.5 and 28 °C with marine medium. Cells contained C18 : 1 ω7c as the major cellular fatty acid and ubiquinone-10 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan amino acids were meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid; the major cell-wall sugar was galactose. The G+C content of strain 2251T was 66.5 mol%. Both strains (2251T and 3058) had DNA–DNA relatedness values less than 50 % with all available genomes of the genus Paracoccus in the ncbi database. Differential genotypic inferences, together with phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, demonstrated that strains 2251T and 3058 should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paracoccus , for which the name Paracoccus liaowanqingii sp. nov. is suggested. The type strain is 2251T (=CGMCC 1.16490T=DSM 106269T).

Two strains (S-1072T and 1626) of Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, were isolated from the leaves of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China. The cells grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl on brain–heart infusion agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains S-1072T and 1626 belong to the genus Luteimonas , sharing the highest similarity with Luteimonas arsenica CCTCC AB 2014326T (97.0 %), Luteimonas terricola CGMCC 1.8985T (96.9 %) and Luteimonas aestuarii KCTC 22048T (96.6 %). The phylogenomic tree indicated that strains S-1072T and 1626 were most closely related to Luteimonas abyssi CGMCC 1.12611T. The biochemical characteristics revealed that strains S-1072T and 1626 could neither produce trypsin nor produce acid from d-glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and maltose, distinguishing them from four closest relatives. The DNA G+C contents of strains S-1072T and 1626 were 69.2 and 69.3 mol% respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of our isolates with their four closely related species were below the 70 % threshold. The predominant menaquinone was Q-8 (98.7 %) and the major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 9 (10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C17 : 1 ω9c). Based on the data obtained, strains S-1072T and 1626 should be classified as a novel species of the genus Luteimonas , for which the name Luteimonas yindakuii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-1072T (=CGMCC 1.13927T=JCM 33487T).

Strains HY041T and HY039 were oxidase- and Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. They were isolated from the feces of bats of the Hipposideros and Taphozous spp. collected from Chongqing City and Guangxi province (PR China), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and 463 core genes indicated that HY041T and HY039 represent members of the genus Apibacter , forming a clade with Apibacter adventoris wkB301T (95.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Apibacter mensalis R-53146T (94.0 %). In silico DNA–DNA hybridization ( is DDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of our isolates with the most closely related species were lower than the 70 % and 95–96 % threshold, respectively, in contrast to values above these two thresholds (isDDH value: 89.1 %; ANI value: 98.5 %) between strains HY041T and HY039. The novel isolates could grow on nutrient and MacConkey agar. HY041T and HY039 could produce β-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and utilize d-adonitol, d-mannose, gentiobiose, glucose and salicin. The major fatty acids (>10.0 %) of HY041T were iso-C17 : 0 3OH, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c) and C16 : 0 3OH. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the sole respiratory quinone. On the basis of all analyses so far, strains HY041T and HY039 represent a novel species of the genus Apibacter , for which the name Apibacter raozihei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY041T (=CGMCC 1.16567T=JCM 33423T) with a genomic DNA G+C content of 32.2 mol%.

Two Gram-stain-positive, irregular rod-shaped (0.2–0.5×1.3–2.5 um) strains, HY056T and HY057, were isolated from the faeces of Equus kiang (the largest of the wild asses) collected at different regions from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of PR China. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that strains HY056T and HY057 belong to the genus Nocardioides by sharing a similarity ranging from 96.3 to 97.0 % in the 16S rRNA gene sequence and forming a distinct cluster with Nocardioides daphniae JCM 16608T, Nocardioides houyundeii 78T, Nocardioides solisilvae Ka25T and Nocardioides gilvus XZ17T. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value of strain HY056T was 96.9 % with strain HY057, but less than 30.0 % with the above four closest relatives. MK-8(H4) was the predominant (91.6 %) respiratory quinone. The cell wall contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phospholipid. The predominant fatty acids (>10.0 %) were C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C16:0. The DNA G+C contents of strains HY056T and HY057 were 68.9 and 69.1 mol%, respectively. β-Glucosidase expression was positive, and acid was produced from d-fructose. Strain HY056T (=CGMCC 4.7563T=JCM 33399T) is assigned as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides yefusunii sp. nov is proposed.

Six aerobic, non-motile, non-haemolytic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-negative strains (185T, 187, 323-1T, 194, dk386T and dk771) were recovered from different faecal samples of Equus kiang on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In the 16S rRNA gene sequences, one strain pair, 185T/187, shared highest similarity to Acinetobacter equi 114T (97.9 %), and the other two (323-1T/194 and dk771T/dk386) to Acinetobacter harbinensis CGMCC 1.12528T (98.6 and 97.0 %, respectively). Phylogenomic tree analysis showed that these six strains formed three separate clades in the genus Acinetobacter . Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of each pair of the isolates with all members of the genus Acinetobacter were far below 70 %. The main cellular fatty acids of all six strains were C18 : 1 ω9c, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c). Q-9 was the predominant respiratory quinone for strains 185T, 323-1T and dk386T. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on the genotypic, phenotypic and biochemical analyses, these six strains represent three novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the names Acinetobacter lanii sp. nov., Acinetobacter shaoyimingii sp. nov. and Acinetobacter wanghuae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are 185T (=CGMCC 1.13636T=JCM 33607T), 323-1T (=CGMCC 1.13940T=JCM 33608T) and dk386T (=CGMCC 1.16589T=JCM 33592T), respectively.

After the subprime crisis, governments all over the world have gradually attached great importance to prevent excess volatility of house prices. This paper addresses the problem of house price volatility from the perspective of investors in the real estate market and constructs a demand function by maximizing the investor's wealth utility. Combined with the price adjustment rule of excess demand of the discounted dynamic behavior of suppliers, we propose a model for heterogeneous agents in the housing market. In the model we show how heterogeneous expectation and beliefs evolution affect the house price volatility. Meanwhile, the comparative static analysis on the difference between heterogeneous expectation and the rate of beliefs evolution is provided by numerical simulation. These results show that the change of fundamentalists' expectation on the house price will influence the frequency of the house price volatility, while the change of chartists' expectation which increases with the acceleration of beliefs in evolution will influence the range of the volatility.

In this study, Yangmeikeng mountain area with a long-term natural restoration status (communities 1, 2, and 3) and Chiao mountain area with an artificially disturbed status (communities 4 and 5) in Shenzhen in China were subjected to plant community composition and diversity statistical analysis on the basis of the following indices: plant height; density; tree layer DBH; coverage; number of family, genus, and species; calculated diversity indices; richness; similarity coefficients of family, genus and species; and species evenness. The diversity levels of each index in each community were compared, and the relationships of family, genus, and species in the communities with one another were determined. The integrated diversity levels in the two areas were also analyzed. Results showed that the composition status of three communities, especially communities 2 and 3, which were located at high elevation, in Yangmeikeng with the long-term natural restoration status was better. The diversity values were also evidently higher. The vegetation composition in Yangmeikeng was also greater than that in Chiao. The integration status of numerous diversity indices, such as evenness and richness, was higher than that of the latter. These data could be used as a basis for arguments regarding the status of natural and artificial forest biodiversities. Many species in the community in artificial forests were shrubs and herbs. The richness and proportion of tree species were distinctly low. Thus, shrubs and herbs were the main components of the artificial interference community. The number and richness of the tree species in natural or long-term natural restoration forests were higher than those of the former. The family diversity Df of the three communities in Yangmeikeng was slightly lower than that of the two communities in Chiao. By contrast, the genus diversity Dg, family richness, and genus richness in Yangmeikeng were higher than those in Chiao. In terms of α-diversity and similarity coefficient, family, genus, and species were not directly related to one another. Therefore, species, genus, and family composition should be combined with their diversity status in the statistical and biodiversity analysis of a community. Synthetic diversity indices should be further analyzed to evaluate the diversity status of a community objectively.

The development of language testing calls for more in-depth diagnostic information of language skills to provide targeted feedback for test developers and test takers as well. Cognitive diagnostic assessment is capable of evaluating language skills (cognitive attributes) involved in a language test and assessing the cognitive features of test takers. Therefore, the introduction of cognitive diagnostic assessment to language testing is of great significance. The study is aimed to make a cognitive analysis of an English reading test for first-year college students through a cognitive diagnostic model named G-DINA. Through the feedback information of cognitive analysis, the study is expected to provide scientific and targeted feedback for students and teachers, helping to improve language testing, teaching and learning.

This paper studies a novel adaptive fractional-order non-singular terminal sliding mode (FO-NTSM) control strategy for omnidirectional mobile robot manipulator (OMRM) with unknown parameters and external disturbances. Firstly, we adopt the fuzzy wavelet neural networks (FWNNs) to estimate the dynamic uncertainty of the OMRM because it has superior function approximation capability. Secondly, we design the adaptive NTSM controller to attenuate external disturbances by virtue of adjusting the weights of the FWNNs online. Moreover, we obtain a fractional-order (FO) control criterion, which speed up the convergence of the algorithm. In addition, we prove the globally robust stability of the OMRM control system through a designed Lyapunov function. Finally, simulation and experiment researches indicate the feasible and validity of the presented method.

The second harmonic braking protection is the key to the differential excitation inrush current of the transformer and the quick action of the differential protection. In this paper, it is verified that the large-scale inverter type power supply may affect the second harmonic braking protection of the transformer. The mechanism of generating the second harmonic component of the current during the short-circuit fault of the inverter-type power supply is analyzed. Further analysis of the secondary harmonic current generated by the inverter-type power supply during the fault in the transformer zone may cause the second harmonic braking component of the transformer. Finally, the correctness of the analysis is verified based on the PSCAD/EMTDC transient electromagnetic simulation software.