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Influence maximization (IM) is crucial for recommendation systems and social networks. Previous research primarily focused on static networks, neglecting the homophily and dynamics inherent in real-world networks. This has led to inaccurate simulations of information spread and influence propagation between nodes, with traditional IM algorithms’ selected seed node sets failing to adapt to network evolution. To address this issue, this paper proposes a homophilic and dynamic influence maximization strategy based on independent cascade model (HDIM). Specifically, HDIM consists of two components: the seed node selection strategy that accounts for both homophily and dynamics (SSHD), and the independent cascade model based on influence homophily and dynamics (ICIHD). SSHD strictly constrains the proportions of different node types in the seed node set and can flexibly update the seed node set when the network structure changes. ICIHD redefines the propagation probabilities between nodes, adjusting them in response to changes in the network structure. Experimental results demonstrate HDIM’s excellent performance. Specifically, the influence range of HDIM exceeds that of state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the proportions of various activated nodes are closer to those in the original network.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor initiation, proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Consequently, targeting CSCs has emerged as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Recently, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) has been identified as being intricately associated with the regulation of numerous cancer stem cells. Yet, reports detailing the functional regulators of PHGDH that can mitigate the stemness across cancer types are limited. In this study, the novel “molecular glue” LXH-3-71 was identified, and it robustly induced degradation of PHGDH, thereby modulating the stemness of colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, LXH-3-71 was observed to form a dynamic chimera, between PHGDH and the DDB1-CRL E3 ligase. These insights not only elucidate the anti-CSCs mechanism of the lead compound but also suggest that degradation of PHGDH may be a more viable therapeutic strategy than the development of PHGDH inhibitors. Additionally, compound LXH-3-71 was leveraged as a novel ligand for the DDB1-CRL E3 ligase, facilitating the development of new PROTAC molecules targeting EGFR and CDK4 degradation.

Abstract Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is an important member of the Picornaviridae family that causes highly fatal hepatitis in ducklings. Since picornaviruses have small genomes with limited coding capacity, they must utilize host proteins for viral cap-independent translation and RNA replication. Here, we report the role of duck poly(rC)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) in regulating the replication and translation of DHAV-1. During DHAV-1 infection, PCBP2 expression was upregulated. A biotinylated RNA pull-down assay revealed that PCBP2 positively regulates DHAV-1 translation through specific interactions with structural domains II and III of the DHAV-1 internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Further studies revealed that PCBP2 promotes DHAV-1 replication via an interaction of its KH1 domain (aa 1–92) with DHAV-1 3Dpol. Thus, our studies demonstrated the specific role of PCBP2 in regulating DHAV-1 translation and replication, revealing a novel mechanism by which host‒virus interactions regulate viral translation and replication. These findings contribute to further understanding of the pathogenesis of picornavirus infections.

Abstract The maintenance of viral protein homeostasis depends on the interaction between host cell proteins and viral proteins. As a molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to play an important role in viral infection. Our results showed that HSP70 can affect translation, replication, assembly, and release during the life cycle of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). We demonstrated that HSP70 can regulate viral translation by interacting with the DHAV-1 internal ribosome entry site (IRES). In addition, HSP70 interacts with the viral capsid proteins VP1 and VP3 and promotes their stability by inhibiting proteasomal degradation, thereby facilitating the assembly of DHAV-1 virions. This study demonstrates the specific role of HSP70 in regulating DHAV-1 replication, which are helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of DHAV-1 infection and provide additional information about the role of HSP70 in infection by different kinds of picornaviruses, as well as the interaction between picornaviruses and host cells.

Although the role of coarse woody debris (CWD) in nurturing biodiversity has been well documented, there is little understanding of how CWD with varying diameters across the forest succession series affect the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community. Therefore, this study investigated the soil bacterial community composition and biodiversity beneath debris with varying decay classes and diameters in six different successional forests, which constituted a subalpine forest series in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve in the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. The composition and functional groups of the soil bacterial communities in this study varied greatly with forest succession, decay classes and debris diameters. The alpha diversity of these communities decreased gradually along the succession gradients, whereas slight differences were observed among decay class and diameters. The soil bacterial communities beneath CWD were dominated by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria under all soil conditions, and their relative abundance only varied greatly with the forest succession. The soil bacterial community structure varied significantly among different forest succession and diameters, but not decay classes. The functional groups were dominated by Chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy under all soil conditions. Nitrogen-fixing bacterial taxa and functional groups were enriched in the highly decayed classes. The soil nitrogen concentration and C:N ratio were negatively correlated with nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities. The soil temperature and CWD stock were significantly correlated with the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in soils beneath CWD. In conclusion, CWD with varying diameters and decay levels across different succession stages harbor some unique bacterial phyla and genera, and the association of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with highly decayed wood debris concluded that the existence of CWD in forest ecosystem could stimulate the ecosystem nitrogen fixation.

Abstract Background As a structurally and functionally important component in forest ecosystems, plant debris plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Although it is well known that plant debris stocks vary greatly with tree species composition, forest type, forest origin, and stand age, simultaneous investigation on the changes in woody and non-woody debris biomass and their carbon stock with forest succession has not been reported. Therefore, woody and non-woody debris and carbon stocks were investigated across a subalpine forest successional gradient in Wanglang National Nature Reserve on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results Plant debris ranged from 25.19 to 82.89 Mg∙ha− 1 and showed a global increasing tendency across the subalpine forest successional series except for decreasing at the S4 successional stage. Accordingly, the ratios of woody to non-woody debris stocks ranged from 26.58 to 208.89, and the highest and lowest ratios of woody to non-woody debris stocks were respectively observed in mid-successional coniferous forest and shrub forest, implying that woody debris dominates the plant debris. In particular, the ratios of coarse to fine woody debris stocks varied greatly with the successional stage, and the highest and lowest ratios were found in later and earlier successional subalpine forests, respectively. Furthermore, the woody debris stock varied greatly with diameter size, and larger diameter woody debris dominated the plant debris. Correspondingly, the carbon stock of plant debris ranged from 10.30 to 38.87 Mg∙ha− 1 across the successional series, and the highest and lowest values were observed in the mid-coniferous stage and shrub forest stage, respectively. Most importantly, the carbon stored in coarse woody debris in later successional forests was four times higher than in earlier successional forests. Conclusions The stock and role of woody debris, particularly coarse woody debris, varied greatly with the forest successional stage and dominated the carbon cycle in the subalpine forest ecosystem. Thus, preserving coarse woody debris is a critical strategy for sustainable forest management.