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Abstract Background Acetabular fractures typically require open surgery to restore hip joint function. Openness may lead to serious tissue damage, increased bleeding, and the risk of nerve and vascular damage. Minimally invasive closed reduction or percutaneous fixation aims to minimize additional harm to patients and provide reliable fixation to promote fracture recovery and functional rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the radiographic and clinical effectiveness of pedicle screw external fixation as a definitive treatment approach for selective acetabular fractures. Methods The present study enrolled 43 patients with acetabular fractures who were categorized into three groups based on their definitive treatment plans: pedicle screw external fixation group, traditional external fixation stent fixation group, and open reduction internal fixation group, comparing the operative duration and the time required for fracture healing. Fracture reduction was evaluated using the Tornetta and Matta grading system, and postoperative clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Majeed score. Analyze three surgical methods by comparing clinical indicators and prognostic references. Results Among the 43 patients, there were 12 cases in the pedicle screw external fixation group, 14 cases in the traditional external fixation stent fixation group, and 17 cases in the open reduction internal fixation group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, injury mechanism, Injury Severity Score (ISS), or other demographic factors among the three groups. The reduction of fractures with internal fixation was significantly better than that with external fixation(p = 0.032). Operative duration and quality of reduction did not significantly differ between the pedicle screw external fixation group and the traditional external fixation stent fixation group. However, the pedicle screw external fixation group exhibited distinct advantages in postoperative quality of life (p = 0.041) and a lower incidence of loose fixing screws compared to the traditional external fixation stent fixation group. Conclusion Compared to traditional external fixation stent fixation, pedicle screw external fixation represents a superior definitive treatment option for acetabular fractures due to its stability and improved patient quality of life.

Nanoplastics, in combination with pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances, have been shown to induce oxidative stress and disrupt energy and lipid metabolism, posing significant health risks. This study evaluated the toxic effects of co-exposure to nanoplastics and Helicobacter pylori on the digestive system of mice. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the accumulation of AuPS-NPs (Au-core polystyrene nanoplastics) in the stomach, colon, and liver, while hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed dose-dependent pathological damage in these tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays quantified interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), triglyceride (TG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, which significantly increased in co-exposure groups compared to single-exposure groups (P

High-sensitivity and repeatable detection of hydrophobic molecules through the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is a tough challenge because of their weak adsorption and non-uniform distribution on SERS substrates. In this research, we present a simple self-assembly protocol for monolayer SERS mediated by 6-deoxy-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-SH). This protocol allows for the rapid assembly of a compact silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) monolayer at the oil/water interface within 40 s, while entrapping analyte molecules within hotspots. The proposed method shows general applicability for detecting hydrophobic molecules, exemplified as Nile blue, Nile red, fluconazole, carbendazim, benz[a]anthracene, and bisphenol A. The detection limits range from 10−6to 10−9 M, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of signal intensity are less than 10%. Moreover, this method was used to investigate the release behaviors of a hydrophobic pollutant (Nile blue) adsorbed on the nanoplastic surface in the water environment. The results suggest that elevated temperatures, increased salinities, and the coexistence of fulvic acid promote the release of Nile blue. This simple and fast protocol overcomes the difficulties related to hotspot accessibility and detection repeatability for hydrophobic analytes, holding out extensive application prospects in environmental monitoring and chemical analysis.

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the biomechanical advantages and disadvantages associated with a biplanar double support screw (BDSF) internal fixation device.MethodsTwo distinct femoral neck fracture models, one with a 30° angle and the other with a 70° angle, were created using a verified and effective finite element model. Accordingly, a total of eight groups of finite element models were utilized, each implanted with different configurations of fixation devices, including distal screw 150° BDSF, distal screw 165° BDSF, 3 CLS arranged in an inverted triangle configuration, and 4 CLS arranged in a “α” configuration. Subsequently, the displacement and distribution of Von Mises stress (VMS) in the femur and internal fixation device were assessed in each fracture group under an axial load of 2100 N.ResultsAt Pauwels 30° Angle, the femur with a 150°-BDSF orientation exhibited a maximum displacement of 3.17 mm, while the femur with a 165°-BDSF orientation displayed a maximum displacement of 3.13 mm. When compared with the femoral neck fracture model characterized by a Pauwels Angle of 70°, the shear force observed in the 70° model was significantly higher than that in the 30° model. Conversely, the stability of the 30° model was significantly superior to that of the 70° model. Furthermore, in the 70° model, the BDSF group exhibited a maximum femur displacement that was lower than both the 3CCS (3.46 mm) and 4CCS (3.43 mm) thresholds.ConclusionThe biomechanical properties of the BDSF internal fixation device are superior to the other two hollow screw internal fixation devices. Correspondingly, superior biomechanical outcomes can be achieved through the implementation of distal screw insertion at an angle of 165°. Thus, the BDSF internal fixation technique can be considered as a viable closed reduction internal fixation technique for managing femoral neck fractures at varying Pauwels angles.

Abstract Objective Analysis of the risk factors affecting hip function and complications after femoral neck system (FNS) surgery for femoral neck fractures is of great significance for improving the procedure’s efficacy. Methods The data of patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent FNS surgery in our hospital between October 2019 and October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, time from injury to operation, fracture classification, operation time, fracture reduction, and postoperative weight-bearing time information were set as potential factors that may affect the results. Hip Harris scores were performed at 12 months postoperatively, and postoperative complication data (e.g., femoral head necrosis, nonunion, and femoral neck shortness) were collected. The risk factors affecting hip function and complications after FNS surgery were predicted using linear and logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 69 cases of femoral neck fracture were included, with an average age of 56.09 ± 11.50 years. The linear analysis demonstrated that the age and fracture type of the patients were the risk factors affecting the Harris score of the hip joint after FNS surgery. Older patients with displaced femoral neck fractures had an inferior postoperative hip function. In addition, fracture type, reduction of the femoral neck, and postoperative weight-bearing significantly impacted postoperative complications. Displaced fractures, negative fixation, and premature weight-bearing (

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the biomechanical effects of different bone cement distribution methods on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Patients and methods: Raw CT data from a healthy male volunteer was used to create a finite element model of the T12-L2 vertebra using finite element software. A compression fracture was simulated in the L1 vertebra, and two forms of bone cement dispersion (integration group, IG, and separation group, SG) were also simulated. Six types of loading (flexion, extension, left/right bending, and left/right rotation) were applied to the models, and the stress distribution in the vertebra and intervertebral discs was observed. Additionally, the maximum displacement of the L1 vertebra was evaluated. Results: Bone cement injection significantly reduced stress following L1 vertebral fractures. In the L1 vertebral body, the maximum stress of SG was lower than that of IG during flexion, left/right bending, and left/right rotation. In the T12 vertebral body, compared with IG, the maximum stress of SG decreased during flexion and right rotation. In the L2 vertebral body, the maximum stress of SG was the lowest under all loading conditions. In the T12-L1 intervertebral disc, compared with IG, the maximum stress of SG decreased during flexion, extension, and left/right bending and was basically the same during left/right rotation. However, in the L1-L2 intervertebral discs, the maximum stress of SG increased during left/right rotation compared with that of IG. Furthermore, the maximum displacement of SG was smaller than that of IG in the L1 vertebral bodies under all loading conditions. Conclusions: SG can reduce the maximum stress in the vertebra and intervertebral discs, offering better biomechanical performance and improved stability than IG.

Objective Bone cement leakage is a major complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) while treating Kümmell's disease and it is a focus of close attention during the surgical procedure. The study aimed to investigate whether pre‐injecting a composite of bone cement and gelatine sponge (the “bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite”) before injecting bone cement during PVP aids in lowering the leakage rate in stage I and II Kümmell's disease. Methods This prospective analysis evaluated 74 patients with stage I and II Kümmell's disease who underwent PVP treatment at our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021. The participants were divided randomly into groups based on whether the bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite was used during the surgery. The two groups were the bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite group (GS group, comprising 37 patients) and the no bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite group (N‐GS group, comprising 37 patients). The independent samples t‐test and chi‐square test were employed to compare general information, operative time, cement injection volume, intraoperative bleeding, and bone cement leakage between the two groups. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), anterior vertebral height ratio (AVHR), and the kyphotic Cobb angle were compared between the two groups at the preoperative, 2 days postoperative, and 6 months postoperative stages using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results All patients were followed up for more than 6 months, with an average of (11.19 ± 2.21) months. No significant differences were observed in terms of the operative time, cement injection volume, and intraoperative bleeding between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of bone cement leakage in the N‐GS group (32.43%) was significantly higher than that in the GS group (5.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion The bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite intravertebral prefilling technique can lower bone cement leakage in stage I and II Kümmell's disease and can also relieve pain and improve vertebral body height.

In this paper, a new type of assembling rivet-fastened rectangular hollow flange beams (ARHFBs) is proposed. The cross-section of the ARHFB consists of two U-shaped and C-shaped components connected by self-locking rivets to form two rectangular hollow flanges. To study the performance and strength of the ARHFB as a flexural member, eight four-point bending tests and more than 40 simulation studies were carried out. The details, results, and comparison of the four-point bending tests, especially the characteristics of the test bench and the lateral support, are presented in this paper. ARHFB sections with varied rivet spacing, web depth, and flange width were experimentally studied. Additionally, a parametric study of ARHFB was conducted using finite element models verified by test results. The influence of span on the loading capacity of ARHFB was discussed. ARHFB can be used in large-span buildings. A more economical ARHFB component selection method was given. The depth of the flange, the strength of the web, and the thickness of the web are important parameters of ARHFB. The loading capacity obtained from the test was compared with the predicted values of the design formulas in the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Chinese design standard for cold-rolled steel (GB50018). The calculation and verification of ARHFB flange buckling and lateral torsional buckling were also considered. It is recommended that GB50018 be used to predict the flexural capacity of ARHFBs.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical and clinical results of two surgical methods for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures: Femoral neck system (FNS) and traditional three cannulated cancellous screws (CCS). Methods First, we developed three different vertical femoral neck fracture models for the finite element analysis, with angles of 55°, 65°, and 75°, respectively. Two experimental groups were set up: the FNS group and the CCS group. Each fracture group was tested under axial loads of 2100 N to measure the femur's displacement, Von Mises stress (VMS), and its internal fixation components. Secondly, we retrospectively included the cases of vertical femoral neck fractures with FNS and CCS in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2021. In this study, we compared the duration of intraoperative fluoroscopy, operative time, hospital stay, fracture healing time, Hemoglobin loss, Harris score of hip joint function, and postoperative complications among patients undergoing hip joint replacement. Results In terms of finite element analysis, FNS has better anti-displacement stability than CCS at 55°and 65°, while FNS is greater than CCS in Von Mises stress. Clinically, we followed up on 87 patients for an average of 12 months. FNS was superior to traditional CCS in fracture healing time, operation time, fluoroscopy duration, fracture healing time, and Harris hip function score. Conclusion FNS is superior to traditional CCS in biomechanical and clinical aspects of treating vertical femoral neck fractures. There is potential for FNS to become a new treatment option for vertical femoral neck fractures.

Abstract Purpose To explore the optimal volume fraction percentage (VF%) and influencing factors of bone cement distribution in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) using digital techniques. Patients and methods From January 2019 to February 2021, 150 patients with 0VCF who underwent PVP surgery in our hospital were analyzed. Based on postoperative X-ray and CT, the spatial distribution score of the intravertebral cement was calculated and the patients were divided into two groups: 0–7 were divided into group A; 8–10 were divided into group B. The general data of the two groups of patients were compared, and Mimics three-dimensional reconstruction images were used to measure the cement dispersion volume (CDV), vertebral body volume (VBV), and VF%. Factors affecting bone cement distribution were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis to construct a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculate a cut-off value for the extensive distribution of bone cement, and analyze the correlation between bone cement distribution scores and VF%. Results There were 60 patients in group A and 90 patients in group B. Univariate analysis showed that bone mineral density (BMD), cement leakage, CDV, and VF% were significantly lower in group A than in group B (p

The impressive theoretical specific capacity and negative potential of lithium have led to its status as a prime candidate for anodes in secondary lithium batteries. Lithium metal electrodes are an area of growing importance in this field. Despite the promise that lithium batteries hold, several practical issues impede their widespread use, such as short cycle life, low coulombic efficiency, and safety concerns including combustion and explosion. The growth of lithium dendrites during battery discharge is widely recognized as the cause of these problems. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive review of current understanding and existing issues associated with lithium metal electrodes.

Absolute chiral discrimination in chiral imprinted systems is complicated by the nonspecific binding of enantiomers. Here, the authors report a SERS “inspector” recognition mechanism to distinguish between specifically and nonspecifically bound enantiomers, even in seawater and urine.

The development of cost-effective, biocompatible soft wound dressings is highly desirable; however, conventional dressings are only designed for flat wounds, which creates difficulty with promising healing efficiency in complex practical conditions. Herein, we developed a tough, adhesive biomimetic hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogels composed of chemically crosslinked hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) network and poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAA) network rich in multiple hydrogen bonding. Due to the multiple chemical crosslinking sites (acrylamide groups) of HAMA; the bulk HEMA/PHEAA hydrogels presented significant enhancements in mechanical properties (∼0.45 MPa) than common hyaluronic acid hydrogels (99% of cell viability). Based on these physicochemical features, we have demonstrated that this adhesive hydrogel, administered in the form of a designed patch, could be applied to wound tissue healing by promoting epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. We believe that our proposed biomimetic hydrogel design holds great potential for wound repair and our developed HAMA/PHEAA hydrogels are extremely promising for the next-generation tissue healings in emergency situations.

Metformin can enhance cancer cell chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs. IGF-1R is involved in cancer chemoresistance. The current study aimed to elucidate the role of metformin in osteosarcoma (OS) cell chemosensitivity modulation and identify its underlying mechanism in IGF-1R/miR-610/FEN1 signalling. IGF-1R, miR-610, and FEN1 were aberrantly expressed in OS and participated in apoptosis modulation; this effect was abated by metformin treatment. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that FEN1 is a direct target of miR-610. Moreover, metformin treatment decreased IGF-1R and FEN1 but elevated miR-610 expression. Metformin sensitised OS cells to cytotoxic agents, while FEN1 overexpression partly compromised metformin’s sensitising effects. Furthermore, metformin was observed to enhance adriamycin’s effects in a murine xenograft model. Metformin enhanced OS cell sensitivity to cytotoxic agents via the IGF-1R/miR-610/FEN1 signalling axis, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant during chemotherapy.

Retaining a waterproof coal pillar is an important measure to defend against water inrush accidents in mining areas and guarantee the safe mining of the next working face. In this paper, the mechanical model of the coal pillar is established and the calculation formula of the waterproof coal pillar width is derived. Then, the development of the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying rock layer under different coal pillar widths is analyzed using numerical simulation and finally, the integrity of the coal pillar is detected using the geophysical survey method. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) According to the mechanical failure characteristics of the coal pillar, it can be divided into the plastic zone, elastic zone, and water pressure damage zone. The mechanical calculation model for each zone was established, and the formula for calculating the width of the waterproof coal pillar was obtained. (2) Numerical simulation was employed to investigate the development condition of the water conducting fracture zone in the overlying rock strata under the actual width of the waterproof coal pillar; the simulation results indicated that the water conducting fracture zone of two working faces was not connected, which can effectively prevent the accumulation of water in the 2303 goaf. (3) On-site geophysical surveys determined that the influence of water-logged goaf on the coal pillar is between 5 to 15 m; the integrity of the waterproof coal pillar is good, which effectively prevents water accumulation in the previous working face goaf and ensures safe mining in the next working face.

Abstract Background Clinical angiography and vascular microperfusion confirmed that the femoral head retains blood supply after a collum femur fracture. However, no animal model accurately mimics this clinical situation. This study was performed to establish a rat model with retained viability of the femoral head and partial vasculature deprivation-induced traumatic caput femoris necrosis by surgery. Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): normal group, sham-operated group (Control), and ischemic osteonecrosis group. The femoral head of the normal group of rats underwent a gross anatomy study and microangiography to identify femoral head blood supply. Microsurgical techniques were used to cauterize the anterior-superior retinacular vessels to induce osteonecrosis. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining were used for femoral head histologic assessment. Morphologic assessments of the deformity in and trabecular bone parameters of the femoral head epiphysis were performed using micro-CT. Results The blood supply of the femoral head in rats primarily came from the anterior-superior, inferior, and posterior retinacular arteries. However, anterior-superior retinacular vasculature deprivation alone was sufficient in inducing femoral head osteonecrosis. H&E showed bone cell loss in nuclear staining, disorganized marrow, and trabecular structure. The bone volume (BV) decreased by 13% and 22% in the ischemic group after 5 and 10 weeks, respectively. The mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased from 0.09 to 0.06 mm after 10 weeks. The trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) increased from 0.03 to 0.05 mm after 5 weeks, and the epiphyseal height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio decreased. Conclusions We developed an original and highly selective rat model that embodied femoral head traumatic osteonecrosis induced by surgical anterior-superior retinacular vasculature deprivation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation analysis of larger side bone cement volume/vertebral body volume ratio (LSBCV/VBV%) with adjacent vertebral compression fracture (AVCF) in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 245 OVCF patients who underwent PVP treatment from February 2017 to February 2021, including 85 males and 160 females. The age ranged from 60 to 92 years, with a mean of (70.72 ± 7.03) years. According to whether AVCF occurred after surgery, they were divided into 38 cases in the AVCF group (fracture group) and 207 cases in the no AVCF group (non-fracture group). The correlation between gender, age, bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), thoracolumbar segment fracture, bone cement disc leakage, LSBCV, bone cement volume (BCV), VBV, LSBCV/VBV ratio (LSBCV/VBV%), and BCV/VBV% and AVCF were analyzed in both groups. Risk factors for AVCF after PVP were analyzed by multifactorial logistic regression, and then the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) were plotted to identify the critical value of LSBCV/VBV%.Results38 patients (15.5%) developed AVCF postoperatively. Univariate analysis showed that BMD, bone cement disc leakage, LSBCV, and LSBCV/VBV% were risk factors for AVCF after PVP (P0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that BMD, bone cement disc leakage, and LSBCV/VBV% were independent risk factors for AVCF after PVP (P

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the effect of the type of bone cement distribution on clinical outcomes following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) in the elderly.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 160 patients diagnosed with OVCF who underwent PVP treatment from March 2018 to December 2020. Based on the kind of postoperative bone cement distribution, bone cement was classified as types I, II, III, IV, and V. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Cobb angle, anterior vertebral height ratio, refracture rate of injured vertebrae, and incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures were compared for the five types before and after three days, and one year of operation.ResultsVAS and ODI at three days and one year postoperative were significantly lower than those preoperative (P

Abstract Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a multifunctional immunomodulatory factor highly expressed in RA. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Gal-9 and its correlation with disease activity and therapeutic response in RA patients. Active RA patients were enrolled and treated with tacrolimus (TAC) alone or in combination therapy for 12 weeks in a prospective cohort study. Clinical and immunological parameters were recorded at baseline and week 12. We measured Gal-9 expression in different T cell subsets and in plasma. The disease activity of RA patients decreased after treatment. At baseline, the Gal-9 expression percentage was higher in the group with severe disease than in mild or moderate groups. After treatment, the Gal-9 expression in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4-CD8− cell subsets decreased, as well as Gal-9 mean fluorescence intensity in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Similarly, plasma Gal-9 levels were lower at week 12 than at baseline. Good responders showed significantly lower Gal-9 expression on CD3+ and CD4+ T cell subsets and lower plasma Gal-9 levels than poor responders. Gal-9 expression positively correlates with disease activity in RA patients. Gal-9 can be regarded as a new biomarker for evaluating RA activity and therapeutic effect, including TAC.

BackgroundMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of autoimmune diseases with high mortality. We report the effectiveness of baricitinib as an option for the maintenance therapy in MAS secondary to nodular panniculitis.Case summaryA 24-year-old female came to our hospital with repeated fever and a skin nodule on right tibial tuberosity. Results were notable for raised serum ferritin (SF), triglycerides (TG), elevated liver function enzymes, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and decreased activity of NK cells. The pathological biopsy of the subcutaneous nodules indicated nodular panniculitis. Hemophagocytic cells were found in bone marrow aspiration. She was diagnosed as MAS secondary to nodular panniculitis. With the treatment of methylprednisolone (MP) and immunoglobulin, her symptoms and laboratory data gradually improved. Nevertheless, her disease relapsed when the MP dose was tapered. Regarding the usage of JAK inhibitors in MAS, we used baricitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) to treat MAS and her symptom and abnormal laboratory findings returned to normal. During follow-up, though the MP dose was tapered, she was stable without a MAS recurrence.ConclusionThe case report suggested baricitinib is an option for MAS in the maintenance therapy phase and is potentially beneficial to prevent recurrence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of curcumin (CUR)-loaded Pickering emulsions with complex interfaces during in vitro gastrointestinal transit and test the efficacy of such emulsions on improving the bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of CUR. CUR-loaded Pickering emulsions tested were whey protein nanogel particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions (CUR-EWPN) and emulsions displaying complex interfaces included 1) layer-by-layer dextran sulphate-coated nanogel-stabilized Pickering emulsions (CUR-DxS+EWPN) and 2) protein+dextran-conjugated microgel-stabilized Pickering emulsions (CUR-EWPDxM). The hypothesis was that the presence of complex interfacial material at the droplet surface would provide better protection to the droplets against physiological degradation, particularly under gastric conditions and thus, improve the delivery of CUR to Caco-2 intestinal cells. The emulsions were characterized using droplet sizing, apparent viscosity, confocal and cryo-scanning electron microscopy, zeta-potential, lipid digestion kinetics, bioaccessibility of CUR as well as cell viability and uptake by Caco-2 cells. Emulsion droplets with modified to complex interfacial composition (i.e. CUR-DxS+EWPN and CUR-EWPDxM) provided enhanced kinetic stability to the Pickering emulsion droplets against coalescence in the gastric regime as compared to droplets having unmodified interface (i.e. CUR-EWPN), whereas droplet coalescence occurred in intestinal conditions irrespective of the initial interfacial materials. A similar rate and extent of free fatty acid release occurred in all the emulsions during intestinal digestion (p > 0.05), which correlated with the bioaccessibility of CUR. Striking, CUR-DxS+EWPN and CUR-EWPDxM significantly improved cellular CUR uptake as compared to CUR-EWPN (p

PurposeBreast cancer (BC) has been extensively and deeply studied as the number one malignant tumor in women, but its status in male patients, especially in male metastatic patients, is rarely reported. Thus, this study aimed to explore the prognosis and risk factors of male BC with bone metastasis.Patients and MethodsWe searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify all patients diagnosed with male BC with bone metastasis from 2010 to 2016. Risk factors of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were analyzed by univariable and multivariable Cox analyses. We also drew Kaplan–Meier plots to show the correlation between independent risk factors and survival.ResultsA total of 207 male BC patients with bone metastasis were included for analysis. Approximately one-third of patients also had lung metastasis. Luminal A subtype comprised 58.5% of the overall patient population. These patients had a poor prognosis, with 3-year OS and CSS rates, 36.7% and 39.5%, respectively. Further analysis revealed that age ≤60 years old, luminal A or B, and surgery were independent predictors of prolonged OS and CSS. On Cox multivariable analysis, brain metastasis was associated with OS and not CSS.ConclusionWe identified four independent factors associated with prognosis in male BC patients with bone metastasis, namely age, tumor subtype, surgery, and brain metastasis. Knowing these risk factors will help clinicians make more appropriate treatment plans.

Bearings are essential components of rotating machinery used in mechanical systems, and fault diagnosis of bearings is of great significance to the operation and maintenance of mechanical equipment. Deep learning is a popular method for bearing fault diagnosis, which can effectively extract the in-depth information of fault signals, thus achieving high fault diagnosis accuracy. However, due to the complex deep structure of deep learning, most deep learning methods require more time and resources for bearing fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method combining feature engineering and fuzzy broad learning. First, time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain features are extracted from the bearing signals. Then the stability and robustness indexes of these features are evaluated to complete the feature engineering. The features obtained by feature engineering are used as the input of the fault diagnosis model, and three sets of experimental data validate the model. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the bearing fault diagnosis accuracy of 96.43% on the experimental bench data, 100% on the Case Western Reserve University dataset, and 100% on the centrifugal pump bearing fault dataset, with a time of approximately 0.28 s. The results show that this method has the advantages of accuracy, rapidity, and stability of bearing fault diagnosis.

Abstract Background Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 (TRIM11), a member of RING family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is identified as an oncogene in certain human tumors. However, the detailed biological function of TRIM11 in chordoma is still unclear. The purpose of present research is to explore the role of TRIM11 in human chordoma cells. Methods TRIM11 was induced silencing and overexpression in human chordoma cells using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral vector. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine gene expression in chordomas cells. Meanwhile, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to examine the cell proliferation rate. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to quantify the cell apoptosis rate. Results We identified that TRIM11 was upregulated in chordomas tissues. Moreover, TRIM11 presented pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis function in chordoma cells. Further, LY294002, a specific AKT inhibitor, was utilized to examine the connection between TRIM11 and AKT in human chordoma cells. Importantly, our findings elucidated that TRIM11 promoted the growth of chordoma cells and involved in AKT signaling. Much more importantly, knockdown of TRIM11 significantly upregulated the translation of PH domain leucine-rich repeats protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), whereas did not affect its transcription. Results that obtained from co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and ubiquitination assay demonstrated TRIM11 interacted with PHLPP1 and promoted its ubiquitination in chordoma cells. Moreover, overexpression of PHLPP1 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in human chordomas cells. These results suggested that TRIM11 mediated the post-translation modification of PHLPP1 and was a novel component in PHLPP1/AKT signaling pathway in human chordoma cells. Conclusions Taken together, the present research not only enhanced the understanding of TRIM11 but also indicated its potential target and signaling pathway in human chordoma cells. Trial registration retrospectively registered.

The present study aimed to compare the absorption and transport patterns of three main betalains, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin, into intestinal epithelial cells and to assess their distinct molecular effects on inflammatory and redox-related cell signalling in association with their radial scavenging potencies. All three betalains showed anti-inflammatory effects (5–80 μM), reflected by attenuated transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO-synthase. Concomitant increases in antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 were only observed for betanin. Moreover, betanin uniquely demonstrated a potent dose-dependent radical scavenging activity in EPR and cell-based assays. Results also indicated overall low permeability for the three betalains with Papp of 4.2–8.9 × 10−7 cm s−1. Higher absorption intensities of vulgaxanthin and indicaxanthin may be attributed to smaller molecular sizes and greater lipophilicity. In conclusion, betanin, vulgaxanthin I and indicaxanthin have differentially contributed to lowering inflammatory markers and mitigating oxidative stress, implying the potential to ameliorate inflammatory intestinal disease. Compared with two betaxanthins, the greater efficacy of betanin in scavenging radical and promoting antioxidant response might, to some extent, compensate for its poorer absorption efficiency, as demonstrated by the Caco-2 cell model.

Despite the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies, the survival outcome of patients with osteosarcoma remains poor. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) plays a crucial role in the inflammasome pathway, which is related to the progression of various tumors. However, the effect of NLRP3 on osteosarcoma has not yet been well explored. Our study aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 in the malignant biological behavior of osteosarcoma as well as its therapeutic value. Immunohistochemistry was applied to investigate the NLRP3 expression in osteosarcoma and osteochondroma specimens. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were used to explore the contribution of NLRP3 to the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of NLRP3 and the related proteins in osteosarcoma cell lines after the blockade of NLRP3 using CY-09 and lentivirus intervention. Furthermore, tumor formation assay was used to analyze the effect of NLRP3 on the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo. The results showed that the NLRP3 protein was overexpressed in osteosarcoma, which was independently correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. Moreover, NLRP3 suppression by the inhibitor of CY-09 or lentivirus-induced gene knockdown inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted the cell apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma via targeting the inflammasome pathway. Our in vivo results confirmed that the inhibition of NLRP3 suppressed the tumor formation of osteosarcoma. In conclusion, NLRP3 may be regarded as an independent prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Abstract The Cas13a system has great potential in RNA interference and molecular diagnostic fields. However, lacking guidelines for crRNA design hinders practical applications of the Cas13a system in RNA editing and single nucleotide polymorphism identification. This study posits that crRNAs with hairpin spacers improve the specificity of CRISPR/Cas13a system (termed hs‐CRISPR). Gibbs free energy analysis suggests that the hairpin‐spacer crRNAs (hs‐crRNAs) suppress Cas13a's affinity to off‐target RNA. A hepatitis B virus DNA genotyping platform is established to further validate the high‐specificity of hs‐CRISPR/Cas13a system. Compared to ordinary crRNA, hs‐crRNAs increase the specificity by threefold without sacrificing the sensitivity of the CRISPR/Cas13a system. Furthermore, the mechanism of the Cas13a/hs‐crRNA/target RNA composition is elucidated with theoretical simulations. This work builds on the fundamental understanding of Cas13a activation and offers significant improvements for the rational design of crRNA for the CRISPR/Cas13a system.