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Rational engineering active sites and vantage defects of catalysts are promising but grand challenging task to enhance photoreduction CO2 to high value-added C2 products. In this study, we designed an N,S-codoped Fe-based MIL-88B catalyst with well-defined bipyramidal hexagonal prism morphology via a facile and effective process, which was synthesized by addition of appropriate 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) and acetic acid to the reaction solution. Under simulated solar irradiation, the designed catalyst exhibits high C2 H4 evolution yield of 17.7 μmol g-1 ⋅h, which has been rarely achieved in photocatalytic CO2 reduction process. The synergistic effect of Fe-N coordinated sites and reasonable defects in the N,S-codoped photocatalyst can accelerate the migration of photogenerated carriers, resulting in high electron density, and this in turn helps to facilitate the formation and dimerization of C-C coupling intermediates for C2 H4 effectively.

IntroductionThis study combined information on the interventions of the US Department of Agriculture's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education with 5,927 interview responses from the California Health Interview Survey to investigate associations between levels of intervention reach in low-income census tracts in California and self-reported physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables, fast food, and sugar-sweetened beverages.MethodsWe determined 4 levels of intervention reach (low reach, moderate reach, high reach, and no intervention) across 1,273 program-eligible census tracts from data on actual and eligible number of intervention participants. The locations of California Health Interview Survey respondents were geocoded and linked with program data. Regression analyses included measures for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and education.ResultsAdults and children from high-reach census tracts reported eating more fruits and vegetables than adults and children from no-intervention census tracts. Adults from census tracts with low, moderate, or high levels of reach reported eating fast food less often than adults from no-intervention census tracts. Teenagers from low-reach census tracts reported more physical activity than teenagers in no-intervention census tracts.ConclusionThe greatest concentration of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education interventions was associated with adults and children eating more fruits and vegetables and adults eating fast food less frequently. These findings demonstrate the potential impact of such interventions as implemented by numerous organizations with diverse populations; these interventions can play an important role in addressing the obesity epidemic in the United States. Limitations of this study include the absence of measures of exposure to the intervention at the individual level and low statistical power for the teenager sample.

ObjectivesWe used a community-based research approach to test a culturally based breast cancer screening program among low-income Hmong women in central and southern California.MethodsWe designed a culturally informed educational program with measures at baseline and 1-year follow-up in 2 intervention cities and 1 comparison city. Measures included changes in breast cancer screening, knowledge, and attitudes.ResultsCompared with women in the comparison community, women in the intervention community significantly improved their attitudes toward, and increased their knowledge and receipt of, breast cancer screenings. Odds of women in the intervention group having had a mammogram, having had a clinical breast examination, and having performed breast self-examination was 6.75, 12.16, and 20.06, respectively, compared with women in the comparison group.ConclusionsCulturally informed education materials and intervention design were effective methods in conveying the importance of maintaining and monitoring proper breast health. The strength of community collaboration in survey development and intervention design highlighted the challenges of early detection and screening programs among newer immigrants, who face significant language and cultural barriers to care, and identified promising practices to overcome these health literacy challenges.

This study reports geographic variations in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among children, adolescents, and adults and examines the correlation between soda consumption and obesity. Among the findings: researchers found that adults who drink a soda or more per day are 27 percent more likely to be overweight than those who do not drink sodas, regardless of income or ethnicity. Among children, the study found that 40 percent of young children (2-11 years of age) are drinking at least one soda or sugar-sweetened beverage every day. Adolescents (12-17) represent the biggest consumers, with 62 percent(over 2 million youths) drinking one or more sodas every day – the equivalent of consuming 39 pounds of sugar each year in soda and other sugar-sweetened beverages.Data was drawn from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), which interviewed more than 43,000 adults and 4,000 adolescents from every county in the state.

This policy brief highlights the geographic variations in obesity and overweight rates among California adults for counties, county-groups, Los Angeles Service Planning Areas, as well as for state legislative and Congressional districts. The first of-its-kind sub-county data are useful for policy makers, advocates, and health professionals in understanding the severity of unhealthy weight among adults throughout California and within local communities. Obesity rates were estimated by applying a small-area methodology to multiple data sources, including the 2003 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2003), 2000-2002 Current Population Surveys, and the 2000 Census.

This new policy brief from the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research presents diabetes prevalence rates among adults by California Assembly and Senate districts. These data are relevant to policymakers and advocates concerned with the impact of chronic conditions on the health of Californians. Estimating the prevalence of diabetes at the local level is increasingly important as rates continue to climb and the state's population continues to age and become more ethnically diverse. Diabetes prevalence rates were estimated using a small-area methodology with data from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001), 2000-2002 Current Population Surveys (CPS) and 2000 Census.

This policy brief highlights regional variations of rates among California children ages 0-5 and ages 6-17 from limited income families (below 300% FPL) who were uninsured and not eligible for Medi-Cal or Healthy families in 2001. This Web-only publication is relevant to policy makers and children health advocates who work on health access and children’s issues at the local level. These data are particularly pertinent as public-private partnerships have emerged across California to provide health care coverage for this vulnerable population. Rates of uninsured-and-not eligible children were estimated using the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001).

This policy brief highlights the geographic variations in self-reported poor/fair health status, asthma and hypertension rates among uninsured Californians for counties, county-groups, Los Angeles Service Planning Areas, as well as for state legislative and Congressional districts. The first-of-its-kind sub-county data in this publication are useful for policy makers, advocates and medical providers in understanding the burden of selected access-sensitive chronic conditions in local communities across California. The rates reported in this policy brief are estimates created by a small-area methodology, based on rates from CHIS 2001 that are applied to population data from the 2000 Census and 2002 California Department of Finance.

This policy brief highlights the geographic variations in hypertension rates among California adults for counties, county-groups, Los Angeles Service Planning Areas, as well as for state legislative and Congressional districts. The first-of-its-kind sub-county data in this publication are useful for policy makers, advocates and medical providers in understanding the burden of the condition in local communities across California. Hypertension rates were estimated by applying a small-area methodology to multiple data sources, including the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001), 2000-2002 Current Population Surveys, and the 2000 Census.

This policy brief highlights the geographic variations in asthma rates among all Californians for state legislative and Congressional districts. The information is particularly relevant at this time as new asthma cases continue to arise in the population. The first of-its-kind sub-county data are useful for policy makers, advocates, and medical providers who are working to address the growing problem of asthma throughout California and within local communities. Asthma symptom rates were estimated by applying a small-area methodology to multiple data sources, including the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001), 2000-2002 Current Population Surveys, and the 2000 Census.

This policy brief highlights the geographic variations in uninsured children's Medi-Cal/Healthy Family eligibility rates by state Assembly, Senate and Congressional districts, as well as by counties and the Los Angeles Service Planning Areas (SPAs). Funded by The California Endowment, the brief is particularly relevant at this time when the lack of health insurance among children is becoming a focus of state and national policymakers as well as advocacy groups, including the recently approved expansion of the Healthy Families program by the Department of Health and Human Services. Uninsured-eligibility rates were estimated by applying a small-area methodology to multiple data sources, including the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001), 2000-2002 Current Population Surveys, and the 2000 Census. Among the key findings are: The areas in the state that had notably high numbers of uninsured-and-eligible children were located primarily in the greater Southern California and Central Valley regions of the state. Almost one out of every three California child who was uninsured-and-eligible for Medi-Cal or Healthy Families in 2002 lived in a geographic area with uninsured-eligibility rates at or below the statewide average. Key Policy Recommendation Public and private efforts currently underway to improve the outreach and enrollment of eligible children can be complemented by statewide initiatives such as fully implementing "express lane eligibility" that automatically enrolls children who qualify for free and subsidized school lunches.

This policy brief highlights the differences in uninurance rates among the new California Assembly and Senate districts resulting from redistricting based on the 2000 Census. Funded by The California Endowment, this report is particularly relevant at this time when the lack of health insurance has moved higher on political agendas at the state and national levels. Uninsured rates at the district levels are estimates created by a small-area-methodology with data from 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2001), the March 2000-2002 Current Population Surveys, and the 2000 Census. This first-of-its-kind information contributes valuable and timely data needed by California’s community and health advocacy groups as well as legislators to support their respective policy development roles and to inform and focus their efforts on high-priority health and medical care issues, locally and statewide. In addition to the data presented in this policy brief, several supplemental California Assembly and Senate exhibits (tables and maps) are available on this Web site: maps by district of uninsured rates for children (ages 0-17) and for adults (ages 18-64); demographic tables of district population distributions by race/ethnicity and income-to-poverty ratios; and confidence intervals (or precision estimates) for the published uninsured rates. Among the key findings are: Rates of uninsurance are particularly acute in legislative districts located in the Central Valley and in Southern California. There are substantial geographic disparities in health insurance coverage for children and adults among the newly redrawn California Assembly and Senate districts. Legislative district uninsured rates range from a low of 7% for children ages 0-17 in Assembly District 15 to a high of 50% for adults ages 18-64 in Assembly District 46. Even the districts with the lowest rates of uninsurance have a considerable number of uninsured residents. For example, Assembly District 15 has 38,000 uninsured persons under age 65, and the Senate District with the lowest rate of uninsurance (SD 7) is home to 78,000 persons under age 65 who have no insurance. Key Policy Recommendation More extensive outreach efforts must be implemented to ensure that all children and adults who are eligible for public programs get enrolled into them. The findings in this brief identify the locations in the state where outreach and enrollment efforts can be most effective.

In response to rising occupational health care costs within workers’ compensation programs, states during the 1990s introduced cost containment strategies adapted from non-occupational employmentbased group health insurance plans. In particular, managed care approaches and techniques gained popularity with workers’ compensation health insurers. An early evaluation of Florida’s experience with workers’ compensation managed care suggested that this strategy could have significant potential for controlling the workers’ compensation medical costs

This policy brief reports basic estimates of health insurance coverage and uninsurance in 1999 and estimates of uninsured children and adults who are eligible for coverage through public programs in California. We focus especially on uninsured adults because of the current policy efforts to expand coverage for this large group.

This report estimates the number of uninsured parents and children who are eligible for Medi-Cal or Healthy Families coverage as a result of changes made under the 1999-2000 budget act — and the number who would become eligible for these programs under four different policy proposals to simplify and expand eligibility.

Pyroelectric materials have the ability to convert the environmental cold–hot thermal energy such as day–night temperature alternation into electrical energy. The novel pyro-catalysis technology can be designed and realized on the basis of the product coupling between pyroelectric and electrochemical redox effects, which is helpful for the actual dye decomposition. The organic two-dimensional (2D) graphic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as an analogue of graphite, has attracted considerable interest in the field of material science; however, its pyroelectric effect has rarely been reported. In this work, the remarkable pyro-catalytic performance was achieved in the 2D organic g-C3N4 nanosheet catalyst materials under the continuous room-temperature cold–hot thermal cycling excitation from 25 °C to 60 °C. The pyro-catalytic RhB dye decoloration efficiency of the 2D organic g-C3N4 can reach ~92.6%. Active species such as the superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals are observed as the intermediate products in the pyro-catalysis process of the 2D organic g-C3N4 nanosheets. The pyro-catalysis of the 2D organic g-C3N4 nanosheets provides efficient technology for wastewater treatment applications, utilizing the ambient cold–hot alternation temperature variations in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]