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Given that esophageal cancer is highly malignant, the discovery of novel prognostic markers is eagerly awaited. We performed serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) and identified SKI proto‐oncogene protein and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 5 (TMED5) as antigens recognized by serum IgG antibodies in patients with esophageal carcinoma. SKI and TMED5 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and used as antigens. The serum anti‐SKI antibody (s‐SKI‐Ab) and anti‐TMED5 antibody (s‐TMED5‐Ab) levels were significantly higher in 192 patients with esophageal carcinoma than in 96 healthy donors. The presence of s‐SKI‐Abs and s‐TMED5‐Abs in the patients' sera was confirmed by western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TMED5 protein was highly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclear compartments of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, whereas the SKI protein was localized predominantly in the nuclei. Regarding the overall survival in 91 patients who underwent radical surgery, the s‐SKI‐Ab‐positive and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐negative statuses were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, the combination of s‐SKI‐Ab‐positive and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐negative cases showed an even clearer difference in overall survival as compared with that of s‐SKI‐Ab‐negative and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐positive cases. The s‐SKI‐Ab and s‐TMED5‐Ab biomarkers are useful for diagnosing esophageal carcinoma and distinguishing between favorable and poor prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between energy production and cancer is attracting attention. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of fumarate hydratase (FH), a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, in gastric cancer using autoantibodies as biomarkers. The study analyzed 116 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery and 96 healthy controls. Preoperative serum FH autoantibody (s-FH-Ab) titers were analyzed using an immunosorbent assay with an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cutoff s-FH-Ab titer. Clinicopathological factors and prognosis were compared between the high and low s-FH-Ab groups. The s-FH-Ab levels were significantly higher in the gastric cancer group than in the control group (p = 0.01). Levels were elevated even in patients with stage I gastric cancer compared with healthy controls (p = 0.02). A low s-FH-Ab level was significantly associated with distant metastasis (p = 0.01), peritoneal dissemination (p < 0.05), and poor overall survival (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that low s-FH-Ab levels were an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (p < 0.01). Therefore, s-FH-Ab levels may be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is closely associated with cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers, and it is accompanied by the development of autoantibodies in the early stage of inflammation-related diseases. Hence, it is meaningful to discover novel antibody biomarkers targeting inflammation-related diseases. In this study, Jumonji C-domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) was identified by the serological identification of antigens through recombinant cDNA expression cloning. In particular, JMJD6 is an antigen recognized in serum IgG from patients with unstable angina pectoris (a cardiovascular disease). Then, the serum antibody levels were examined using an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay and a purified recombinant JMJD6 protein as an antigen. We observed elevated levels of serum anti-JMJD6 antibodies (s-JMJD6-Abs) in patients with inflammation-related diseases such as ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cancers (including esophageal cancer, EC; gastric cancer; lung cancer; and mammary cancer), compared with the levels in healthy donors. The s-JMJD6-Ab levels were closely associated with some inflammation indicators, such as C-reactive protein and intima–media thickness (an atherosclerosis index). A better postoperative survival status of patients with EC was observed in the JMJD6-Ab-positive group than in the negative group. An immunohistochemical analysis showed that JMJD6 was highly expressed in the inflamed mucosa of esophageal tissues, esophageal carcinoma tissues, and atherosclerotic plaques. Hence, JMJD6 autoantibodies may reflect inflammation, thereby serving as a potential biomarker for diagnosing specific inflammation-related diseases, including stroke, AMI, DM, and cancers, and for prediction of the prognosis in patients with EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the development of prehospital diagnosis scales has been reported in various regions, we have also developed a scale to predict stroke type using machine learning. In the present study, we aimed to assess for the first time a scale that predicts the need for surgical intervention across stroke types, including subarachnoid haemorrhage and intracerebral haemorrhage. A multicentre retrospective study was conducted within a secondary medical care area. Twenty-three items, including vitals and neurological symptoms, were analysed in adult patients suspected of having a stroke by paramedics. The primary outcome was a binary classification model for predicting surgical intervention based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Of the 1143 patients enrolled, 765 (70%) were used as the training cohort, and 378 (30%) were used as the test cohort. The XGBoost model predicted stroke requiring surgical intervention with high accuracy in the test cohort, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.802 (sensitivity 0.748, specificity 0.853). We found that simple survey items, such as the level of consciousness, vital signs, sudden headache, and speech abnormalities were the most significant variables for accurate prediction. This algorithm can be useful for prehospital stroke management, which is crucial for better patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient absorption spectroscopy was carried out for ion radicals of poly[bis(p-alkylphenyl)silane]s using the electron beam pulse radiolysis technique. Although relatively small effects were observed for radical cations, the transient spectra of radical anions were found strongly depended on the substitution position of the alkyl groups (n- and tert-butyl) on the phenyl rings.

Thin solid films of poly(di-n-hexylsilane) were irradiated with a number of high-energy ion beams, electron beams and 60Co gamma-rays of which linear energy transfer (LET) ranges from 0.2 to 1620 eV/nm. The beams induced nonhomogeneous reactions of crosslinking and main chain scissions in the films. A reaction model in a single ion track was applied for the crosslinking reactions. The expanding chemical track along an ion trajectory increased crosslinking G values.

The stability of silyl radicals in solid-state poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS), PMPS containing structural defects and poly(phenylsilane) (PPS) with a silicon skeleton network has been studied. PMPS and phenyl-substituted PPS were subjected to 60Co gamma rays in the solid state. Results indicate that neutral silyl radicals in solid aryl-substituted polysilanes were found to be weaker than radicals obtained from dimethyl-substituted polysilanes. The radicals are stabilized by the defect in the silicon skeleton and the highly-branched silyl radicals have excellent stability.

The solvation of iodide and electrons in an ionic liquid (N,N,N-trimethyl-n-propylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; TMPA-TFSI) was determined. Results indicated that the interaction between a TMPA cation and iodide was stronger as compared to those electrons that were weakly solvated in TMPA-TFSI and it is proposed that the electrons in TMPA-TFSI move easily before solvation.

Time-dependent behavior of radical cation in n-dodecane in the presence of cation scavenger at high concentration was measured by piosecond pulse radiolysis. The relationship with the static quenching model in the photolysis was also discussed.