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Homoneura picta belongs to the Homoneurinae subfamily of Lauxaniidae, and it is widely distributed and common in China. This study reports the newly sequenced mitochondrial genome of H. picta. The sequence is 15,469 bp long and contains 37 genes (13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes) and a control region. The overall base composition is 38.4% for A, 37.7% for T, 14.1% for C, and 9.8% for G, with a bias toward A + T (76.1%). Phylogenetic analysis show that Homoneura is a sister genus of Cestrotus. We have successfully sequenced the mitochondrial genome of H. picta, which can be useful in investigating the phylogenetic status of Homoneurinae. Our results provide data for further studies of phylogeny in Diptera.

In today’s digital age, multi-energy systems (MES) have become an indispensable part of the social infrastructure, providing people with diversified energy support such as electricity, gas, water and so on. However, with the increasing popularity and networking of MES, the network security threats they face are becoming more and more serious, especially the threat of network attacks. This makes it essential to detect attacks on MES and precisely classify attack types in order to establish effective defense strategies. In this paper, a Dual-Head output network attack detection and classification method based on parallel CNN-BiLSTM network is proposed. The method adopts a parallel structure and can process different aspects of information at the same time, speeding up the training and inference process of the whole network, making the system respond more quickly to potential network attacks, and improving real-time and efficiency. The multi-model fusion structure can give full play to the advantages of CNN and BiLSTM in processing different types of data, so that the system can capture attack characteristics more comprehensively in many aspects, and improve the overall detection and classification performance. The dual-head output not only improves the system’s ability to accurately detect attacks, but also can effectively classify different types of attacks in detail, which helps to formulate more targeted defense strategies. In addition, in order to effectively evaluate our proposed method, the network traffic data required for the experiment were collected in an environment very similar to the actual operating environment of a multi-energy system. Finally, the experiment verifies that our method can not only realize effective detection of network attacks, but also accurately classify different types of attacks.

Clinical treatment of diabetic refractory ulcers is impeded by chronic inflammation and cell dysfunction associated with wound healing. The significant clinical application of bFGF in wound healing is limited by its instability in vivo. Sulfur has been applied for the treatment of skin diseases in the clinic for antibiosis. We previously found that sulfur incorporation improves the ability of selenium nanoparticles to accelerate wound healing, yet the toxicity of selenium still poses a risk for its clinical application. To obtain materials with high pro-regeneration activity and low toxicity, we explored the mechanism by which selenium-sulfur nanoparticles aid in wound healing via RNA-Seq and designed a nanoparticle called Nano-S@bFGF, which was constructed from sulfur and bFGF. As expected, Nano-S@bFGF not only regenerated zebrafish tail fins and promoted skin wound healing but also promoted skin repair in diabetic mice with a profitable safety profile. Mechanistically, Nano-S@bFGF successfully coactivated the FGFR and Hippo signalling pathways to regulate wound healing. Briefly, the Nano-S@bFGF reported here provides an efficient and feasible method for the synthesis of bioactive nanosulfur and bFGF. In the long term, our results reinvigorated efforts to discover more peculiar unique biofunctions of sulfur and bFGF in a great variety of human diseases.

DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are involved in developing breast cancer. Recently, a targeted therapeutic strategy through DNA repair machinery, including PARPi, has initially shown broad development and application prospects in breast cancer therapy. However, few studies that focused on the correlation between the expression level of DNA repair genes, prognosis, and immune response in breast cancer patients have been recently conducted. Herein, we focused on identifying differentially expressed DNA repair genes (DEGs) in breast cancer specimens and normal samples using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Biofunction enrichment analysis was performed with DEGs using the R software “cluster Profiler” package. DNA repair genes were involved in multivariate and univariate Cox regression analyses. After the optimization by AIC value, 11 DNA repair genes were sorted as prognostic DNA repair genes for breast cancer patients to calculate risk scores. Simultaneously, a nomogram was used to represent the prognostic model, which was validated using a calibration curve and C-index. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), CIBERSORT algorithms, and ESTIMATE scores were applied to evaluate the immune filtration of tumor samples. Subsequently, anticarcinogen sensitivity analysis was performed using the R software “pRRophetic” package. Unsupervised clustering was used to excavate the correlation between the expression level of prognostic-significant DNA repair genes and clinical features. In summary, 56 DEGs were sorted, and their potential enriched biofunction pathways were revealed. In total, 11 DNA repair genes (UBE2A, RBBP8, RAD50, FAAP20, RPA3, ENDOV, DDB2, UBE2V2, MRE11, RRM2B, and PARP3) were preserved as prognostic genes to estimate risk score, which was applied to establish the prognostic model and stratified breast cancer patients into two groups with high or low risk. The calibration curve and C-index indicated that they reliably predicted the survival of breast cancer patients. Immune filtration analysis, anticarcinogen sensitivity analysis, and unsupervised clustering were applied to reveal the character of DNA repair genes between low- and high-risk groups. We identified 11 prognosis-significant DNA repair genes to establish prediction models and immune responses in breast cancer patients.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC); however, its prevalence and molecular characteristics in China remain largely unknown. In this study, 788 nasal swabs from 51 beef cattle farms with BRDC outbreaks in 16 provinces and one municipality were collected from October 2020 to July 2022, and 18.65% (147/788) of samples from 23 farms across 11 provinces were detected as BRSV-positive by reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) assay. Further, 18 complete G gene sequences were classified into BRSV subgroup III, and 25 complete F gene sequences were obtained from 8 and 10 provinces. Compared to the known BRSV strains in GenBank, the G proteins and F proteins in this study shared several identical amino acid (aa) mutations. Moreover, five nearly complete genome sequences were obtained and clustered into a large branch with two America BRSV subgroup III strains (KU159366 and OM328114) rather than the sole Chinese strain (MT861050) but were located in an independent small branch. In conclusion, this study reveals that BRSV has a wide geographical distribution in China, and subgroup III strains, which have unique evolution characteristics, are the dominant strains. The results contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of BRSV.

Pesticides usually occur as mixtures of multiple chemicals in the natural aquatic ecosystem, so research based on the toxicity data of a single compound on aquatic organisms is not enough to accurately assess the actual toxicity risk of pesticides. There is still a gap in the research on the reproductive toxicity of combined insecticides, herbicides and fungicides on zebrafish (Danio rerio). In this study, zebrafish were used to systematically investigate the separate and combined reproductive toxicity of imidacloprid (IMI), acetochlor (ACT) and tebuconazole (TBZ), which are commonly used in rice fields. Adult zebrafish were exposed to the three pesticides individually and in combination for 28 days, and the number, heartbeat, deformation rate, body length, and swim bladder development of F1 offspring embryos were observed and the reproductive hormones testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and vitellogenin (VTG) contents and the expressions of nine reproductive genes (ar, esr2a, vtg1, gr, star, fshr, hmgcrb, 3βhsd and vasa) in the testes of the male and the ovaries of the female F0 zebrafish adults were measured to evaluate the individual and combined effects. The results showed that exposure to the mixtures of IMI, ACT and TBZ resulted in a decrease in heartbeat, body length and swim bladder development and an increase in the deformity rate of F1 offspring embryos compared to the individual exposure groups. In the combined exposure group, the content of T decreased significantly and the content of VTG increased significantly in the testes of the males; the content of T significantly increased, while the content of E2 and VTG significantly decreased in the ovaries of the females, indicating that combined exposure showed a more obvious endocrine-disrupting effect compared to the individual exposures. In addition, the expression of nine reproductive genes was significantly altered compared to the individual exposure groups. Therefore, our results indicated that the mixture of IMI, ACT and TBZ caused fewer number of F1 embryos, higher developmental defects of F1, greater disruption in the content of reproductive hormones and the expression of reproductive genes compared to the individual pesticides at the corresponding doses. Therefore, the presence of pesticides in mixtures in the real water environment is likely to increase the toxic reproductive effects on zebrafish and cause more serious impacts on aquatic ecosystems.

Eukaryotic ribosome precursors acquire translation competence in the cytoplasm through stepwise release of bound assembly factors, and proofreading of their functional centers. In case of the pre-60S, these steps include removal of placeholders Rlp24, Arx1 and Mrt4 that prevent premature loading of the ribosomal protein eL24, the protein-folding machinery at the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET), and the ribosomal stalk, respectively. Here, we reveal that sequential ATPase and GTPase activities license release factors Rei1 and Yvh1 to trigger Arx1 and Mrt4 removal. Drg1-ATPase activity removes Rlp24 from the GTPase Nog1 on the pre-60S; consequently, the C-terminal tail of Nog1 is extracted from the PET. These events enable Rei1 to probe PET integrity and catalyze Arx1 release. Concomitantly, Nog1 eviction from the pre-60S permits peptidyl transferase center maturation, and allows Yvh1 to mediate Mrt4 release for stalk assembly. Thus, Nog1 co-ordinates the assembly, maturation and quality control of distant functional centers during ribosome formation.

Abstract The flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) is one of the most economically important pests in cowpea greenhouses in China. Widespread pesticide resistance of thrips and the negative environmental effects limit the application of pesticides for thrips control. Two commercial cowpea greenhouse experiments were designed to determine the color preference of F. intonsa to colored cards, including white, pink, pale green, light yellow, powder blue, crimson, yellow green, deep sky blue, dark slate blue, dark orange, medium orchid, gold, and black. Clear pieces of plastic were used as the control cards. Additionally, the effects of placement height and orientation (cardinal direction) of the cards were also studied. Both greenhouse trials showed that white cards were significantly more attractive to F. intonsa than the other 13 card colors, followed by deep sky blue cards. White or deep sky blue cards placed low to the ground were found to be most attractive to F. intonsa. Orientation of the colored cards also affected the attractiveness to F. intonsa. The results indicate that white sticky cards were significantly more attractive to F. intonsa than blue cards and therefore can be recommended to monitor F. intonsa population densities and to control them in cowpea greenhouses as part of integrated pest management programs.

Spatial clustering of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) through tertiary interactions is a striking structural feature of the eukaryotic ribosome. However, the functional importance of these intricate inter-connections, and how they are established is currently unclear. Here, we reveal that a conserved ATPase, Fap7, organizes interactions between neighboring r-proteins uS11 and eS26 prior to their delivery to the earliest ribosome precursor, the 90S. In vitro, uS11 only when bound to Fap7 becomes competent to recruit eS26 through tertiary contacts found between these r-proteins on the mature ribosome. Subsequently, Fap7 ATPase activity unloads the uS11:eS26 subcomplex onto its rRNA binding site, and therefore ensures stoichiometric integration of these r-proteins into the 90S. Fap7-depletion in vivo renders uS11 susceptible to proteolysis, and precludes eS26 incorporation into the 90S. Thus, prefabrication of a native-like r-protein subcomplex drives efficient and accurate construction of the eukaryotic ribosome.

The transport receptor Crm1 mediates the export of diverse cargos containing leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NESs) through complex formation with RanGTP. To ensure efficient cargo release in the cytoplasm, NESs have evolved to display low affinity for Crm1. However, mechanisms that overcome low affinity to assemble Crm1-export complexes in the nucleus remain poorly understood. In this study, we reveal a new type of RanGTP-binding protein, Slx9, which facilitates Crm1 recruitment to the 40S pre-ribosome-associated NES-containing adaptor Rio2. In vitro, Slx9 binds Rio2 and RanGTP, forming a complex. This complex directly loads Crm1, unveiling a non-canonical stepwise mechanism to assemble a Crm1-export complex. A mutation in Slx9 that impairs Crm1-export complex assembly inhibits 40S pre-ribosome export. Thus, Slx9 functions as a scaffold to optimally present RanGTP and the NES to Crm1, therefore, triggering 40S pre-ribosome export. This mechanism could represent one solution to the paradox of weak binding events underlying rapid Crm1-mediated export.

Within a single generation time a growing yeast cell imports ∼14 million ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) into the nucleus for ribosome production. After import, it is unclear how these intrinsically unstable and aggregation-prone proteins are targeted to the ribosome assembly site in the nucleolus. Here, we report the discovery of a conserved nuclear carrier Tsr2 that coordinates transfer of the r-protein eS26 to the earliest assembling pre-ribosome, the 90S. In vitro studies revealed that Tsr2 efficiently dissociates importin:eS26 complexes via an atypical RanGTP-independent mechanism that terminates the import process. Subsequently, Tsr2 binds the released eS26, shields it from proteolysis, and ensures its safe delivery to the 90S pre-ribosome. We anticipate similar carriers—termed here escortins—to securely connect the nuclear import machinery with pathways that deposit r-proteins onto developing pre-ribosomal particles.

Nuclear export of mRNAs and pre-ribosomal subunits (pre40S and pre60S) is fundamental to all eukaryotes. While genetic approaches in budding yeast have identified bona fide export factors for mRNAs and pre60S subunits, little is known regarding nuclear export of pre40S subunits. The yeast heterodimeric transport receptor Mex67-Mtr2 (TAP-p15 in humans) binds mRNAs and pre60S subunits in the nucleus and facilitates their passage through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) into the cytoplasm by interacting with Phe-Gly (FG)-rich nucleoporins that line its transport channel. By exploiting a combination of genetic, cell-biological, and biochemical approaches, we uncovered an unanticipated role of Mex67-Mtr2 in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomes. We show that recruitment of Mex67-Mtr2 to pre40S subunits requires loops emanating from its NTF2-like domains and that the C-terminal FG-rich nucleoporin interacting UBA-like domain within Mex67 contributes to the transport of pre40S subunits to the cytoplasm. Remarkably, the same loops also recruit Mex67-Mtr2 to pre60S subunits and to the Nup84 complex, the respective interactions crucial for nuclear export of pre60S subunits and mRNAs. Thus Mex67-Mtr2 is a unique transport receptor that employs a common interaction surface to participate in the nuclear export of both pre-ribosomal subunits and mRNAs. Mex67-Mtr2 could engage a regulatory crosstalk among the three major export pathways for optimal cellular growth and proliferation.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, which are conserved across mammals, flies, fish, sea squirts, worms, and fungi, essentially contribute to cellular Ca2+ signaling. The activity of the unique TRP channel in yeast, TRP yeast channel 1 (TRPY1), relies on the vacuolar and cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. However, the mechanism(s) of Ca2+-dependent regulation of TRPY1 and possible contribution(s) of Ca2+-binding proteins are yet not well understood. Our results demonstrate a Ca2+-dependent binding of yeast calmodulin (CaM) to TRPY1. TRPY1 activity was increased in the cmd1-6 yeast strain, carrying a non-Ca2+-binding CaM mutant, compared with the parent strain expressing wt CaM (Cmd1). Expression of Cmd1 in cmd1-6 yeast rescued the wt phenotype. In addition, in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, hypertonic shock-induced TRPY1-dependent Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release were increased by the CaM antagonist ophiobolin A. We found that coexpression of mammalian CaM impeded the activity of TRPY1 by reinforcing effects of endogenous CaM. Finally, inhibition of TRPY1 by Ca2+-CaM required the cytoplasmic amino acid stretch E33-Y92. In summary, our results show that TRPY1 is under inhibitory control of Ca2+-CaM and that mammalian CaM can replace yeast CaM for this inhibition. These findings add TRPY1 to the innumerable cellular proteins, which include a variety of ion channels, that use CaM as a constitutive or dissociable Ca2+-sensing subunit, and contribute to a better understanding of the modulatory mechanisms of Ca2+-CaM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a comprehensive duration data set covering 189 countries from 1960 to 2015, we employ a Heckman two-step selection model to investigate determinants of deposit insurance coverage. We find that macroeconomic status, bank structure and regulatory, political institution, legal system and deposit insurance design characteristics have a significant effect on deposit insurance coverage. Moreover, empirical results show that the impact factors are different between developing and developed countries, especially the design characteristics. Specifically, for developing countries, the scheme with the Foreign currency will support a higher coverage. And for developed countries, the Interbank deposits will lead to a lower coverage, but the No coinsurance shows the opposite effect. It is noteworthy that both the Payouts and Backstop from government influence the coverage setting conversely in different samples, which implies that there may be higher banks' risk-taking incentives in developing countries after setting up explicit deposit insurance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a possible solution to the problem that Rapid Crm1-meditated export is also weakly binding, which makes it less than ideal for transport of diverse cargos. The solution involves Slx9, a new type of RanGTP-binding protein. Slx9, when delivered in vitro, binds Rio2 and RanGTP, and forms a complex that can directly load Crm1. Slx9 acts as a support structure for RanGTP and NES with regard to Crm1 and causes export of 40S pre-ribosome.

A host of observations demonstrating the relationship between nuclear architecture and processes such as gene expression have led to a number of new technologies for interrogating chromosome positioning. Whereas some of these technologies reconstruct intermolecular interactions, others have enhanced our ability to visualize chromosomes in situ. Here, we describe an oligonucleotide- and PCR-based strategy for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and a bioinformatic platform that enables this technology to be extended to any organism whose genome has been sequenced. The oligonucleotide probes are renewable, highly efficient, and able to robustly label chromosomes in cell culture, fixed tissues, and metaphase spreads. Our method gives researchers precise control over the sequences they target and allows for single and multicolor imaging of regions ranging from tens of kilobases to megabases with the same basic protocol. We anticipate this technology will lead to an enhanced ability to visualize interphase and metaphase chromosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear export of mRNAs and pre-ribosomal subunits (pre40S and pre60S) is fundamental to all eukaryotes. While genetic approaches in budding yeast have identified bona fide export factors for mRNAs and pre60S subunits, little is known regarding nuclear export of pre40S subunits. The yeast heterodimeric transport receptor Mex67-Mtr2 (TAP-p15 in humans) binds mRNAs and pre60S subunits in the nucleus and facilitates their passage through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) into the cytoplasm by interacting with Phe-Gly (FG)-rich nucleoporins that line its transport channel. By exploiting a combination of genetic, cell-biological, and biochemical approaches, we uncovered an unanticipated role of Mex67-Mtr2 in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomes. We show that recruitment of Mex67-Mtr2 to pre40S subunits requires loops emanating from its NTF2-like domains and that the C-terminal FG-rich nucleoporin interacting UBA-like domain within Mex67 contributes to the transport of pre40S subunits to the cytoplasm. Remarkably, the same loops also recruit Mex67-Mtr2 to pre60S subunits and to the Nup84 complex, the respective interactions crucial for nuclear export of pre60S subunits and mRNAs. Thus Mex67-Mtr2 is a unique transport receptor that employs a common interaction surface to participate in the nuclear export of both pre-ribosomal subunits and mRNAs. Mex67-Mtr2 could engage a regulatory crosstalk among the three major export pathways for optimal cellular growth and proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper about variation of the Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), a technique used to detect and localize the presence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes is presented. It mentions that the new method uses Oligopaints and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for generating FISH probes from complex DNA libraries. It mentions that use of bioinformatic tools has made it possible to perform hybridizations between Oligopaints and RNA and genomic DNA at the site of transcription.