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À Chelles (Seine-et-Marne), rue Gustave-Nast, des fouilles ont été menées par l’Inrap dans un contexte archéologique dense associé à une agglomération gallo-romaine. Elles ont révélé la présence d’un port gallo-romain, situé en bordure d’un ancien bras de la Marne graduellement abandonné au profit d’un bras secondaire. Son étude montre qu’il a été établi dans un environnement marqué par une très forte sédimentation alluviale, liée à la perte d’énergie progressive du chenal. Les données archéologiques et géoarchéologiques documentent les efforts apportés à l’entretien de la rive de ce port, convexe et donc propice au dépôt d’alluvions, et permettent de suivre son évolution marquée par de nombreux états distincts qui traduisent une adaptation à l’évolution du cours d’eau. In Chelles (Seine-et-Marne), on Gustave-Nast street, excavations were performed by Inrap in a dense archaeological context associated with an ancient town. They revealed the presence of an ancient port, located along the bank of an old branch of the Marne river. Archaeological and geoarchaeological data document the efforts made to maintain the riverbank, making it possible to reconstruct its evolution over time. The study of the remains of this port has identified four distinct developmental phases.-Phase 1, around 35 BC: a riverbank fastening set-up, composed of branches and logging waste, several wooden posts, and possibly included a light, make-shift wharf structure, was installed in the hopes of stabilizing the bank. This installation cannot yet really be considered a significant port facility. -Phase 2, around 25 BC: a half-box wharf –with 17 planks supported by 14 oak posts– and an angle abutting the riverbank, allows this sector of the town at this time to be assigned the role of a real port allowing for the docking of merchant ships. -Phase 3, around 17 AD: a doubling of the previous wharf, more modest and less robust, was built 2 m towards the river in an attempt to thwart its siltation. Several consolidations are attested to. -Phase 4, around 70 AD: a much smaller structure, formed of two parallel stone walls associated with wooden posts, was established at the western border of the port area and more than 7 m from the original ancient riverbank. This is the final development in connection with the river in the space investigated; the activity on the shore was then reduced and only a potter’s oven can be associated with it. The extent of the excavation has only allowed for the study of the western part of the port facilities, which may continue further east. The general development reflects a rapid decline in activity in connection with the gradual flooding of the Marne channel, due to massive alluvial inflows. The latter are related to erosion due to the development of agriculture across the Marne watershed, which also led to the establishment of an increasingly marked flood regime. The riverbanks sustained various activities and endeavors aimed at maintaining access to water –digging, dredging, depositing backfill, and more advanced developments toward the north in hopes of following the river– an effort which could not be maintained for more than a century and which reflects a veritable race after the river. The large quantity of dolia dating to the 1st c. AD and found scattered around the city, however, seems to indicate that port activity must have continued elsewhere, possibly further to the east. The harbor was therefore established on the convex riverbank of an old meander, in an environment marked by very strong alluvial sedimentation linked to the progressive loss of energy from the channel, its migration northward, and its subsequent abandonment in favor of another secondary branch of the Marne located 2 km further south. This resulted in the intersecting meander that can be recognized today and which is already visible on 18th c. maps. The displacement may have had a partly anthropogenic origin, despite its inheritance of a late-glacial morphogenesis, but the existing data does not allow for a definitive answer to this question. Whatever the case, the channel migration certainly had a major influence on local and regional territories, in particular on the relationship that may have existed between the ancient town of Chelles and its possible artisanal suburb of Gournay-sur-Marne. The dating of the displacement is yet to be specified, but would appear to be later than or contemporary to the Roman period and was already in place in the Middle Ages.

O Rôdo, sítio arqueológico de ar livre, situado no Vale do Vouga foi identificado e escavado, em 2014, no âmbito dos trabalhos de minimização decorrentes da construção do Aproveitamento Hidroelétrico de Ribeiradio‑Ermida. Os estudos geoarqueológicos, paleobotânicos e da indústria lítica foram já alvo de publicação. As características tipo‑tecnológicas dos materiais líticos apontam para um sítio pouco especializado, em termos de funcionalidade, utilizado efémera mais repetidamente ao longo do Tardiglaciar. Por forma a testar estas ideias relativas à função, natureza e duração das ocupações humanas foi levado a cabo um exercício de análise espacial para os materiais da UE003. Recorrendo a SIG e a métodos estatísticos, por forma a visualizar os dados num mapa de densidade Kernel, foi possível identificar áreas de concentração de tipos de matérias‑primas com proveniências distintas, advogando no sentido de uma ocupação repetida desta plataforma sobranceira ao rio Vouga, ao longo do Tardiglaciar., Rôdo is an open‑air archaeological site located in the Vouga River Valley. It was identified and excavated in 2014 in the scope of the Ribeiradio‑Ermida Hydroelectric project. The corresponding geoarchaeological, paleobotanical and lithic studies have already been published. The typo‑technological characteristics of the lithic industry suggest that Rôdo was not a specialized site, but one used in ephemeral, repeated occupation manner. A spatial analysis of the artefacts retrieved from stratigraphic unit SU003 was performed to test these hypotheses, using GIS and statistical methods. The resulting Kernel density maps show the distribution of different types of raw materials and is indeed consistent with recurrent use of the place through the Tardiglacial.

Resume La stele 3 de la Bretelliere, qui devait mesurer dans les 4 m, a subi trois deplacements au cours des XXe et XXIe siecles qui l’ont marquee de plusieurs alterations (cassures, raclages). La decouverte de signes graves, en 2012, a permis un premier leve d’une composition apparentee aux programmes iconographiques inventories en Morbihan. La stele etait integree a un ouvrage lineaire comprenant au moins huit monolithes, dont deux sont encore eriges et un seul couche. La reprise des donnees photogrammetriques, acquises en 2012, permet aujourd’hui de produire un nouveau modele 3D du support et d’etablir un corpus d’images sous eclairages rasants virtuels mieux a meme d’inventorier les anomalies en creux (gravures, desordres). La synthese graphique confirme la presence d’une representation de cetace et d’une crosse, et ajoute l’existence d’un serpent et d’un quatrieme motif malheureusement trop efface pour le nommer.

During the summer of 2009, an important archaeological campaign was carried out in the heart of the downstream Seine region. It allowed us to locate a well-preserved occupation site attributed to the Upper Magdalenian. The operation concerns a surface area of 103 hectares located from the left bank of the Seine along the edge of the river and slightly downstream, to the most concave part of a meander which gives a strongly asymmetrical aspect to the bottom of the valley. The Magdalenian occupation was discovered in an alluvial sandy silt layer which provides a favourable context for the preservation of archaeological remains. The occupation is located on the edge of a former channel, probably restored during the Late Glacial. A gravel ridge has protected the deposits from the Holocene alluvial erosion. At present, only a surface of about 10 square meters in the main find concentration has been uncovered, but a quantity of test pits show that the archaeological layer extends over nearly 200 square meters. We provisionally suggest a possible relationship of contemporaneity between this occupation unit and two other sets of remains (a horse skull and a stony structure) discovered a few hundred metres away, in a similar stratigraphic position. With the exception of a few fragile remains that were removed during the field work, the other objects have been left in situ and the entire occupation site has been preserved for later excavations. The archaeological remains are mainly composed of reindeer bones and antlers, flint tools, backed bladelets and lithic remains, an antler point as well as a probable shell adornment. More than two hundred flint artefacts were removed, among which we found two burins. The raw materials exploited by the Magdalenians consisted mainly of a flint of the Late Cretaceous epoch, probably stemming from the Campanian and Santonian stages. Furthermore, the presence of a tertiary material has been detected. This raw material, strongly recalling the red flint from the Ludian stage of the Eocene epoch, has already been found in several other regional occupations (blades or other tools). Among the artefacts preserved in situ, we identified several other burins and, to a lesser extent, scrapers and piercers. A few backed bladelets were mixed with the debitage products close to the northwest edge of the hearth. A reindeer antler point was also removed from the rest of the archaeological floor before the excavated surface was refilled. This antler point was discovered less than 2 metres from the west edge of the hearth and a few centimetres away from a large worked reindeer antler fragment. It has a subrectangular section and presents a double bevel as well as a longitudinal groove. The morphology of this point is very similar to other examples known in the regional Magdalenian. All the rocks have been left in situ, and the information concerning this category of artefact is only based on field observations. They are characterized by their morphological and petrographical diversity, and include mainly sandstone, sandstone-shale and limestone. Apart from rocks contained in the hearth, probably reserved for its functioning, some other large blocks could have composed elements of the infrastructure in view of their size and weight. Such elements are known in the other Magdalenian occupations of the Paris Basin where they sometimes delimited a circle several metres in diameter. One of the main interests of this occupation lies in the presence of numerous bone remains. Almost all the determined elements relate to the reindeer. The discovery of reindeer tarsi in anatomical connection and the presence of skeleton elements particularly sensitive to taphonomical depletion, like antler fragments, ribs and vertebrae, obviously show exceptional preservation conditions and the absence of post-depositional disturbances. A first estimation based on teeth series and forelimbs (the radius fragments), gives a Minimum Number of Individuals of two reindeers brought back to the occupation site. At present, the absence of teeth series belonging to very young individuals prevents a more accurate seasonal determination of the Magdalenian visits. However, the presence of a large-sized antler from a hunted animal, belonging to an adult male reindeer, permitted the processing of this specimen to be estimated at between September and mid-December. The occupation would thus have taken place in the autumn or at the beginning of the winter, unless it is considered that the reindeer antler could have been transported for several months as a stock of raw material. Besides the reindeer remains, we observed a diaphysis fragment with dimensions suggesting an attribution to a horse or a bovine, and the horse skull discovered outside the occupation site. All the artefacts are located around the pit hearth, close to a large ochrestained area. The low density of remains suggests a short-term residence. A small pit was identified close to the hearth. Considering the bone remains, we note an asymmetrical distribution in relation to the hearth. There are a lot of bone fragments to the south of the fire area, while they are almost absent to the north. Such a pattern probably points to the repetitive disposal behaviour of the prehistoric people. Two debitage product concentrations, related to bladelet production, are located to the north-east of the hearth. Two other flint concentrations seem to be more probably toss zones. Finally, we observe a group of tertiary flint blades near a large sandstone slab. This group could be interpreted as a spare space of unused blades. With regard to the spatial organization, some levels of Pincevent (Seine-et-Marne) offer the most striking parallels. Two bone fragments were sent to a laboratory in order to obtain radiocarbon dates. The first one, a reindeer radius fragment which was collected close to the hearth, delivered a date of 12,000 ± 70 BP. The second one, a cheek tooth from the isolated horse skull, delivered a date of 12,230 ± 70 BP. These results are very similar to those obtained for the nine other Paris Basin Magdalenian sites. We hope that OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) analysis (in progress) could provide this Upper Magdalenian occupation with an accurate chronological context through the Weichselian Late Glacial chronozones. The outstanding conservation of this occupation site already makes La Haye one of the most important site for regional Magdalenian studies. The analysis of this occupation will be completed by exhaustive excavations. Since the planned building project has been cancelled, the site area is no longer threatened. However, new excavations are scheduled for the coming years., Une opération d’archéologie préventive réalisée durant l’été 2009 dans le département des Yvelines, au coeur du territoire Seine-Aval, a permis de repérer une unité d’occupation très bien conservée qui est rapportée à la phase supérieure du Magdalénien. Elle a été découverte dans une couche d’alluvions limono-sableuses qui s’est révélée un contexte particulièrement favorable à la conservation des vestiges. Actuellement, seuls une dizaine de mètres carrés ont été fouillées, mais les sondages réalisés dans les environs immédiats indiquent qu’elle se développe sur une surface d’environ 200 mètres carrés. À l’exception des éléments les plus fragiles qui ont été prélevés, les vestiges ont été conservés in situ pour une fouille ultérieure. Ils se composent principalement d’ossements et de ramures de renne, d’outils et de déchets de taille en silex, d’une pointe de sagaie ainsi que d’un probable élément de parure. L’ensemble se répartit de manière structurée autour d’un foyer en cuvette aménagé au moyen de blocs rocheux et à proximité duquel s’étend une nappe d’ocre rouge. La faible densité des vestiges évoque un séjour plutôt bref que les premiers indices de saisonnalité tendent à placer à l’automne. L’équipement technique et la structuration de l’espace habité permettent d’établir de nombreuses comparaisons avec quelques autres gisements magdaléniens de plein air du Bassin parisien. Par ailleurs, nous suggérons provisoirement une possible relation de contemporanéité entre cette unité d’occupation et deux autres ensembles (un crâne de cheval et une structure pierreuse) découverts à quelques centaines de mètres de distance dans une position stratigraphique analogue. Les aspects chronologiques sont d’ores et déjà documentés au moyen de datations radiocarbone obtenues sur os. Nous fondons aussi de nombreux espoirs sur les résultats d’analyses OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) en cours qui pourraient permettre un calage plus précis de l’occupation au sein de l’une des chronozones du Tardiglaciaire weichsélien., Debout Grégory, Le Jeune Yann, Djema Hélène, Bignon Olivier, Charier Marie-Aline, Peschaux Caroline. La découverte du gisement de la Haye aux Mureaux (Yvelines) et ses implications sur la connaissance du peuplement magdalénien d’Île-de-France. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 108, n°2, 2011. pp. 221-246.

During the last ten years, a sample of fifty hectares of an alluvial plain open-air site has been studied in an exceptional way. The site is located in the sand quarry of Cemex in the River Marne’s double bend at Armentières, upstream from Meaux. A series of farms belonging to the middle and the late phases of the Final Bronze Age have been discovered by the preventive excavation. We know that those farms can be connected to the two nuclei of the incineration necropolis situated around 250 metres away on the ancient mound. This research has revealed the internal spatial structure of each domestic unit known. The crossing of the site data by specialists has been necessary: ceramic and lithic assemblages, fauna, vegetal remains and human bones. The members of the INRAP team, who have been working together for seven years, have proposed interpretations since 2002. The first conclusions on the domestic activities of the Final Bronze rural habitat presented in this paper were drawn before the end of the excavation (trad. Raffaëlle Coëffard)., Un site de plaine alluviale de la basse vallée de la Marne a pu être suivi de façon exceptionnelle sur une cinquantaine d’hectares au cours des dix dernières années dans la carrière Cemex, qui exploite les granulats dans le double méandre d’Armentières, en amont de Meaux. Cette fouille préventive extensive a permis de découvrir, entre autres choses, une série de fermes successives du Bronze final moyen et final, que l’on peut déjà mettre en relation avec les deux noyaux de nécropole à incinérations, situés à environ 250 m de l’habitat, sur la butte ancienne; le motif de cette recherche a été la mise en évidence de la structure spatiale interne de chaque unité domestique reconnue en croisant toutes les données du site: céramique, faune, lithique, macrorestes et os humains. Les hypothèses d’interprétation faites dès 2002 sont le fruit d’un travail collectif mené depuis sept années par une même équipe INRAP; les premiers résultats présentés dans ce texte sur les activités domestiques de l’habitat rural du Bronze final ont été obtenus avant même l’achèvement de la fouille sur le terrain., Lafage Françoise, Auxiette Ginette, Brunet Paul, Delattre Valérie, Le Jeune Yann, Martial Emmanuelle, Matterne Véronique, Praud Ivan. Changis-sur-Marne " les Pétreaux " : trois siècles d'évolution d'établissements ruraux de la fin du Bronze final au début du premier Âge du Fer . In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 104, n°2, 2007. pp. 307-341.

Une fosse du Neolithique recent a ete mise au jour a Vignely, la Noue-Fenard a l’occasion du decapage d’une enceinte du Neolithique moyen, adossee a une paleoberge de la Marne. La structure, cylindrique, dont la fonction primaire n’est pas determinee, a servi de depotoir a un mobilier particulierement riche, compose par ordre d’importance de faune sauvage, de pieces lithiques, d’outillage en os, de materiel de mouture et de ceramique. L’etude des vestiges indique la pratique d’activites specifiquement cynegetiques tournees vers l’exploitation des ressources animales (viande, matiere osseuse, fourrure, …). La comparaison du mobilier montre qu’il existe des affinites regionales marquees avec la sepulture collective de la Porte-aux-Bergers de Vignely et l’ensemble d’Isles-les-Meldeuses. Cet ensemble parait voue a une pratique cynegetique d’envergure afin de disposer pour un laps de temps indetermine de materiaux de reserve. Le rejet opportuniste de cette activite dans une fosse a permis de sceller, miraculeusement, un instantane de la vie de ces agriculteurs-eleveurs.

Une étude stratigraphique à forte résolution spatiale a été menée sur un des derniers méandres de la Marne à Neuilly-sur-Marne à l'Est de Paris (France). Ce travail met en lumière des discontinuités et des variabilités spatiales importantes dans l'enregistrement sédimentaire holocène. L'ensemble des dépôts a été modélisé sous forme de séquences et une première chrono-typologie a été mise en place. Elle montre une incision préboréale (antérieure à 9600 BP) localisée, suivie d'un remplissage essentiellement tourbeux et calcaire. L'abaissement du plan d'eau au début de l'Holocène provoque l'abandon d'anciens chenaux tardiglaciaires partiellement réutilisés durant l'Atlantique. Cette dernière période est associée à une discontinuité importante due à une incision, initiant plusieurs générations de chenaux de moindre importance qui érodent partiellement les dépôts holocènes antérieurs. Une séquence associée au remplissage d'une noue héritée du tardiglaciaire a été protégée de ces chenaux par la présence d'une île centrale. Ces dépôts organiques et carbonatés correspondent à la première moitié de l'Holocène et constituent ainsi une séquence ''relique'' très localisée. Des apports limoneux importants apparaissent dès le Subboréal (postérieurement à 3300 BP) et s'intensifient durant le Subatlantique. Les chenaux secondaires finissent par s'engorger puis devenir temporaires, tandis que la quasi totalité du méandre est recouverte par des limons de débordement. Les premiers résultats stratigraphiques sont ici présentés ainsi que des résultats géophysiques. Ils illustrent la variabilité de l'enregistrement holocène et s'intègrent dans une étude plus large visant à spatialiser précisément l'ensemble des observations effectuées sur le site. Ces résultats posent les bases d'une macro-séquence holocène à l'échelle du méandre. The first stratigraphic results, depicting the variability of the Holocene record of the Marne river at Neuilly-sur-Marne in the East of Paris (France) are presented in this study. They take part in a broader survey that will spatialize the whole observations carried out on the site. Stratigraphic study highlights major discontinuities and spacial variabilities in the Holocene sedimentary record. The alluvial deposits were divided into sequences and a chrono-typology was build. It shows a localised Preboreal incision (former to 9600 BP), subsequently filled by a peaty and calcareous deposit. At the beginning of the Holocene, the lowering of the base level causes the abandonment of Late Glacial channels partially re-used later during the Atlantic. During that last period, an incision episode initiates the development of 2nd order channels which partially cut into the older Holocene deposits. Early Holocene organic and carbonated deposits associated with the fillings of an oxbow inherited from the Late Glacial period are preserved from these channels incision by the presence of an island. Important silty clay deposition occurs during the Subboreal (after 3300 BP) and increases during the Subatlantique. The secondary channels become almost dammed by these deposits and diverge temporary, while the entire meander is covered and sealed by silty overbank deposits. These results lead to the foundation of an Holocene macrosequence at meander's scale for the Marne valley.

Archaeological excavations in the old Boucherie quarter in the centre of Nantes uncovered fortifications apparently dating from the 13 th century. In this context, radiocarbon dating performed on charcoal indicated that afire occured around 785 ± 55 BP. Pollen analysis of sediments trapped at this time revealed the nature of the landscape. The Boucherie quarter was apparently a deforestated urban site with gardens within the fortifications and cereal cultivation, vineyards and meadows upstream., Les fouilles archéologiques entreprises au cœur de la ville de Nantes, dans l'îlot de la Boucherie, ont permis de mettre en évidence des structures fortifiées datant vraisemblablement du XIIIe siècle. Dans ce contexte, une datation radiocarbone effectuée sur des charbons de bois situe un incendie aux alentours de 785 ± 55 BP. L'analyse pollinique de sédiments piégés à cette époque permet de décrire le paysage. L'îlot de la Boucherie apparaît comme un site urbain déboisé, avec la présence de jardins dans l'enceinte et de cultures céréalières, vignobles et prairies en amont., Visset Lionel, Guérin Frédéric, Le Jeune Yann. L'Ilot de la Boucherie à Nantes : étude environnementale au XIIIe siècle. In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest. Tome 104, numéro 1, 1997. pp. 7-15.