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Objective: To explore the effects of Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate on immune function in immunocompromised mice. Methods: Totally 72 specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 12): blank, model, and low-, medium- and high-dose Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate (83, 166, 249 and 332 mg/kg mb). The model and Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate groups were injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg mb cyclophosphamide on a daily basis for 10 days while the blank group was intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Afterwards, the mice in the Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate groups were intragastrically administrated with different dosage of Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate at a volume of 20 mL/kg mb, and those in the blank and model groups were gavaged with the same volume of distilled water for 15 days. Then, body, spleen and thymus mass, white blood cell count, the number of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine expression levels, and nuclear transcription factor expression levels in immune cells were measured. Results: Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate could improve the spleen mass/index (spleen/body mass ratio) in immunocompromised mice, increase the number of peripheral blood cells and the number of lymphocytes in immune organs, promote the expression of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-17, inhibit the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in immunocompromised mice and partially restore the RNA expression of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) (P < 0.05), and the effect of Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate at a dose of 249 mg/kg mb was the most significant. However, Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate had no significant effect on restoring the body mass or thymus mass of immunocompromised mice. Conclusion: Panax ginseng fruit juice concentrate can enhance immune function in immunocompromised mice.

Flash flood disasters are one of the major natural disasters in the world, and rapid and accurate early identification of flash flood disasters is the key to preventing and controlling them. In recent years, computer and spatial information technology development has promoted the advancement of early identification technology for flash floods. However, previous research has mainly focused on the impact of 'water' and neglected the impact of 'sediment' deposition on the rise of water levels. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of flash floods and improve the accuracy of early identification, this article first uses bibliometric methods to review the spatiotemporal distribution, internal relationships, and research hotspots of literature in this field over the past 42 years. Then, the research practice of considering the impact of sediment on the early identification of flash floods was introduced from three aspects: mechanism, model, and uncertainty. Finally, the existing problems in current research were discussed, and future research directions were proposed. The research results have shown that the number of publications in this field has been increasing yearly and will continue to increase, but the cooperation between authors is not close. The coupling effect between sediment replenishment and floods cannot be ignored. Taking into account multiple uncertainties can greatly improve recognition accuracy. This study can provide a panoramic literature perspective and practical research experience for relevant researchers and decision-makers and support further improving flash flood prevention and control capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, RS and GIS technologies have played an increasingly important role in various aspects of rainfall induced landslide research. In order to systematically understand their application situation, this paper extensively used various visualization analysis technologies for in-depth analysis of 1,161 documents collected by the WOS data platform in the past 27 years by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Then, this article focuses on sub domain analysis from four aspects: landslide detection and monitoring, prediction models, sensitivity mapping, and risk assessment. The study found that the number of literature in this field has steadily increased and is expected to continue to rise. This literature review has attracted widespread attention from the academic community, but it is challenging to meet research needs. Frequent and effective cooperation between countries, institutions, and authors is very beneficial for promoting progress in this field. The future development direction is a new intelligent hybrid model that integrates multiple research methods. This study can provide researchers in this field with the core research force, hot topic evolution, and future development trends of future rainfall-induced landslides and contribute to landslide prevention and control decision-making and achieving the United Nations'sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]