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Objective To analyze the detection rate of occult HBV infection (OBI) and the characteristics of immune escape mutation in major hydrophilic region (MHR) of HBV S-gene with a large sample of liver diseases. Methods The clinical and genetic sequencing data of 11,650 patients with liver diseases admitted in Beijing 302 Hospital from July 2007 to August 2011 were retrospectively collected. The detection rate of OBI and the immune escape mutation in MHR of HBV S-gene were analyzed, and then compared with those in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with different HBsAg levels. Results Twelve OBI patients with negative serum HBsAg level and positive HBV DNA level were screened from 6,996 patients with HBsAg quantitation, the detection rate of OBI was 0.172%(12/6,996). HBV S gene was sequenced successfully in 8 OBI patients. Ten MHR associated immune-escape mutations were detected in 6 OBI patients, and 9 mutations among them were well documented to be OBI-associated mutations including classical mutation sG145R. While, the main MHR mutations were sL110I, sT113S, sS143T, sR160K and sF161Y in both CHB patient groups with low- and medium to high-titers of HBsAg, and these mutations were not recognized OBI-related mutations except sS143T. Conclusion The findings of present paper show a high detection rate of OBI in a large clinical sample of patients with liver diseases, and most OBI patients harbor OBI associated MHR immune escape mutation, indicating these mutations are closely associated with OBI occurrence. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.05.04

This study mainly probed into the factors influencing consumers’ OGB intention on community e-commerce platforms, built models that included facets of conformity behaviors, perceived risks, customer engagement, and OGB intention, and focused on whether there is a mediating effect on customer engagement and an interference effect on perceived risks. The subjects of this study were consumers with OGB experience on community e-commerce platforms. The results show that conformity behaviors have a significant positive impact on customer engagement and OGB intention; thus, when customers have insufficient information or relevant knowledge of OGB, the comments or recommendations of their relatives and friends would influence their engagement and OGB intention. Moreover, this study found that customer engagement has a complete mediating effect, which indicates that conformity behaviors can influence OGB intention through customer engagement. In addition, this study found that perceived risks have an interference effect, meaning that when consumers sense high risks, the OGB intention is weakened through customer engagement. This shows that in the OGB organizations of the community e-commerce platforms, it is recommended that more attention be paid to customer engagement; it is also a topic worthy of discussion in practical business applications.

Fan Gao,1 Wen-Tao Zhang,2 Ya-Yun Lin,2 Wei-Min Wang,2 Na Xu,2 Gui-Qin Bai2 1Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Gui-Qin BaiDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18991232517Email baigq@126.comPurpose: To investigate whether tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment that started from the second trimester had an advantage over TDF treatment that started from the third trimester.Patients and methods: Twenty 35-year-old pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA >2×106 IU/mL were prospectively enrolled in this study. All participants were divided into two subgroups: the second trimester group who started TDF treatment at 24–27 weeks and the third trimester group who started TDF treatment at 28–30 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in serum HBV DNA level from baseline to delivery. Each parameter was tested every 4 weeks from TDF initiation to 3 months postpartum.Results: There were 80 pregnant women in the second trimester group and 49 pregnant women in the third trimester group. The decline in HBV DNA from baseline to delivery was more obvious in the second trimester group (4.8±1.2 log10 IU/mL) than that in the third trimester group (4.3±1.1 log10 IU/mL, p=0.041). The downward shift of haemoglobin (HB) from baseline to delivery was greater in the second trimester group (10.6±10.7 g/L) than in the third trimester group (6.3±12.3 g/L, p=0.041). The decline in HBV DNA from baseline to delivery was linearly related to the start of TDF treatment from the second trimester (β=0.50 and 95% CI: 0.26–0.75, p

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy has established efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer, but a significant number of patients do not respond to such treatment. Recently, various biomarkers were reported to be useful in predicting resistance to anti-EGFR. All the potential biomarkers predicting resistance to anti-EGFR are reviewed herein from five aspects. First, upstream molecules, including epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG), might play different roles according to their abnormal levels in tumor tissue and serum. Second, the EGFR amplification and distinct polymorphisms may have roles in identifying patients for initial anti-EGFR mAbs therapy, while rare EGFR mutations have limited predictive values. Third, among the downstream molecularly related factors, rat sarcoma viral oncogene (Ras) has been identified as a successful predictor, while B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) is considered as a prognostic factor rather than a predictor. Fourth, among the molecular bypass pathway components, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) may be potential biomarkers in the future, while activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling confers resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Fifth, many microRNAs and additional molecular biomarkers are promising in predicting the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy. Applications of multiple biomarkers are more effective than the use of a single biomarker in selecting patients who might benefit from cetuximab- or panitumumab-based treatments. Comprehensive molecular analyses of the EGFR signaling pathways should be considered in the future. Subsequent prospective trials will be required to further confirm the clinical utility of these biomarkers.

Mother-to-child transmission is the major cause of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This double-blind trial tested the effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in preventing vertical transmission. Pregnant women who were HBsAg/HBeAg-positive with a HBV DNA titer ≥ 2×106 IU/mL were randomly assigned to the control (n = 60) and TDF-treated (n = 60) groups. TDF treatment (oral dose 300 mg/day) was initiated at 24 weeks of gestation and continued to 4 weeks after delivery. The subjects were followed up to 28 weeks postpartum. The effects of TDF on vertical transmission, outcomes of the mothers and infants and virological changes were monitored. TDF dynamically reduced the serum HBV DNA level of the mothers, particularly during the first 4 weeks of treatment. The lower viral loads were maintained in the pregnancies until delivery. Approximately 90% and 33.9% of the TDF-treated mothers had viral loads ≤2000 IU/mL after delivery and at 28 weeks postpartum, respectively. No cervical transmission or adverse effects were observed in the TDF-treated individuals, whereas 13.5% of the infants were infected with HBV in the control group. We conclude that TDF treatment initiated at 24 weeks of gestation in high-viremia, HBsAg/HBeAg-positive mothers efficiently prevents mother-to-child HBV transmission without adverse events in mothers and infants.

The Berkovich nanoindentation-induced characteristic “pop-in” phenomena observed in ZnSe thin films are investigated in this study. The ZnSe thin films are grown on the GaAs(0 0 1) substrates by using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. No evidence of nanoindentation-induced phase transformation was revealed in ZnSe thin film by the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and selected area diffraction (SAD) analyses. Furthermore, as displayed in the SAD results, the distortion of diffraction spots did indicate severe deformation of indented ZnSe thin films resulting from the nanoindentation load. Based on this scenario, an energetic estimation of dislocation nucleation is made.

Zhe-Ling Chen, Yan-Wei Shen, Shu-Ting Li, Chun-Li Li, Ling-Xiao Zhang, Jiao Yang, Meng Lv, Ya-Yun Lin, Xin Wang, Jin Yang Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China Background: The addition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) therapies to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) during treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer has been proposed as an effective way to improve the prognosis. However, the treatment outcomes of adding trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both to NAC were not unequivocal in randomized clinical trials. Based on these data, a meta-analysis was performed. Objective: The main objective was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to NAC for treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both, added to NAC. The main endpoint was a pathologically complete response (pCR) rate, in breast only or in breast and lymph nodes. The drug safety and the influence of hormone-receptor status, comparing the clinical response and the rate of breast conservation, were evaluated. Results: A total of eight publications were included in the primary analysis, designed as two or three subgroups. The cumulative cases were 2,349 and the analyses of all the clinical trials showed that the pCR rate was significantly higher in the group receiving trastuzumab than that in the group with lapatinib, either in breast only (P=0.001) or in breast and lymph nodes (P=0.0001). Similar results could be seen in comparisons of the combination versus trastuzumab group. Further studies of subgroups divided into hormone receptor-positive or-negative patients showed that the addition of trastuzumab or dual Her2-targeted therapy significantly improved the pCR rate in patients who were hormone-insensitive. Regarding the toxic effects, we found more grade 3 and 4 toxic effects, such as diarrhea, skin disorder, and hepatic biochemical changes in the lapatinib and combination groups. No temporally significant differences were found when the clinical response and the rate of breast conservation in the groups were analyzed. Conclusion: The combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib was superior to single-agent treatment for improved pCR rate. However, combination treatment was not effective in improving the rate of breast conservation. Furthermore, a higher risk for toxicity was associated with combined administration. Keywords: breast cancer, trastuzumab, lapatinib, human epidermal growth factor receptor, neoadjuvant, pathologically complete response

Many foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants or relatives of Taiwanese citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportions of these immigrants infected with intestinal parasites. A total of 2875 foreigners from 39 countries or regions underwent stool examination in our hospital within the study period, and the merthiolate iodine formaldehyde method was used to diagnose intestinal parasite infections. In total, 214 foreigners (7.4%) were found to be infected, and hookworm was identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasite (2.92%). Infection was most prevalent in the Vietnamese foreigners (46.3%), followed by the Chinese (38.8%), and was more prevalent in females (92.3%) than in males. Among the intestinal parasites identified, hookworm (2.92%), Trichuris trichiura (1.18%), and Blastocystis hominis (1.14%) were the three most prevalent. Infection was most prevalent in the foreign brides group (11.9 %), hookworm and Trichuris trichiura being the two most common species of intestinal parasite in the foreign brides and foreign dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, while the proportion of foreign students infected was lower. Most foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, and originate from countries or regions in which public health is poorer than in Taiwan. Therefore, close monitoring and examination of these foreigners continue to be indicated.

With a direct integration of a field effect transistor (FET) into a C-shaped ring radiator, a novel miniaturized self-oscillating annular ring active integrated antenna is proposed and investigated in this paper. The direct integration approach provides a solid basis for the miniaturization while the slow-wave loading effect from the unstable transistor further enhances the reduction ratio. It makes the proposed design show an extraordinarily compact size of 0.041λg2 , which is 40% the size of the second smallest one in literature using printed circuit board technology. The proposed active antenna, providing overall comparable performance to the previous designs, has an EIRP of 7.30 dBm, DC-to-RF efficiency of 25.9%, phase noise of -91.9 dBc/Hz@100 kHz offset, and an oscillator FOM of -168.76 dBc/Hz. By introducing a reverse-biased varactor diode, this miniaturized active antenna also demonstrates promising voltage controllability with a high VCO gain of 48.7 MHz/V. The antenna geometry and modeling, design concept, simulation scheme, and experimental results are discussed thoroughly in this paper.

Curcumin has been shown to possess potent chemopreventive and antitumor effects on prostate cancer. However, the molecular mechanism involved in curcumin's ability to suppress prostate cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis is not yet well understood. In this study, we have shown that curcumin can suppress epidermal growth factor (EGF)- stimulated and heregulin-stimulated PC-3 cell invasion, as well as androgen-induced LNCaP cell invasion. Curcumin treatment significantly resulted in reduced matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity and downregulation of cellular matriptase, a membrane-anchored serine protease with oncogenic roles in tumor formation and invasion. Our data further show that curcumin is able to inhibit the induction effects of androgens and EGF on matriptase activation, as well as to reduce the activated levels of matriptase after its overexpression, thus suggesting that curcumin may interrupt diverse signal pathways to block the protease. Furthermore, the reduction of activated matriptase in cells by curcumin was also partly due to curcumin's effect on promoting the shedding of matriptase into an extracellular environment, but not via altering matriptase gene expression. In addition, curcumin significantly suppressed the invasive ability of prostate cancer cells induced by matriptase overexpression. In xenograft model, curcumin not only inhibits prostate cancer tumor growth and metastasis but also downregulates matriptase activity in vivo. Overall, the data indicate that curcumin exhibits a suppressive effect on prostate cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis, at least in part via downregulating matriptase function. Cancer Prev Res; 6(5); 495–505. ©2013 AACR.

Curcumin has been shown with potent chemopreventive and antitumor effects on prostate cancer. However, the molecular mechanism how curcumin suppresses prostate cancer cell migration and invasion is not well understood. In this study we showed that curcumin could significantly suppress prostate cancer PC3 cell migration and invasion. Moreover, our data also showed that curcumin was able to suppress EGF- or heregulin-stimulated PC-3 cell invasion, as well as androgen-induced LNCaP cell invasion. Curcumin treatment resulted in not only significant reductions on MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities, but also on activated level of matriptase which is a membrane-bound serine protease and has been proposed to play important roles in tumor invasion and malignancy. Matriptase is synthesized as a full length zymogen, which is rapidly stepped into the maturation process, mature form through a cleavage within the SEA domain to from a latent matriptase. Our data further showed that curcumin can inhibit the latent matriptase formation in the maturation process to affect matriptase activity. Furthermore, the reduction of activated matriptase by curcumin was also partly due to curcumin promoting the shedding of activated matriptase into extracellular environment, but not due to curcumin effect on matriptase gene expression. In addition, we established the stable pools of CWR22Rv1 cells with matriptase overexpression and found that expression of matriptase in CWR22Rv1 cells enhanced their invasive ability. With curcumin treatment, the invasive ability induced by matriptase overexpression was significantly suppressed. In summary, the data indicated that curcumin exhibits a suppressive effect on prostate cancer cell invasion, at least in part by down-regulating matriptase activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2000. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2000