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The study aimed to assess the impact of changes in blood pressure on cardiovascular events in the Chinese population. It enrolled 33 179 Chinese participants aged ≥35 years (57.1% women) without CVD at baseline. BP status was defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines. The type of BP change was defined as change in BP status from baseline to the end of follow‐up, included stable BP <130/80, <130/80 to ≥130/80, ≥130/80 to <130/80 mm Hg, persistent BP ≥130/80 mm Hg. The hazard ratio (HR) of incident CVD by change in BP category was estimated using Cox proportional hazards and Fine–Gray models. During median follow‐up of 3.17 years, 2023 CVD events occurred. Compared with BP <120/80, 120–129/<80 mm Hg at baseline (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.09–2.53), 130–139/80–89 mm Hg (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.94–1.95), and ≥140/90 mm Hg (HR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.78–3.40) were risk factors for CVD. Compared with the group with stable BP <130/80 mm Hg, the risk of CVD was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.40–2.53) in the group with persistent BP ≥130/80 mm Hg and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.01–1.94) in the group of BP decreased to <130/80 mm Hg. These results showed that BP 120–129/<80, 130–139/80–89, and ≥140/90 mm Hg were associated with a high risk of CVD. Over time, persistent BP ≥130/80 mm Hg increased the risk of CVD, but a return to <130/80 mm Hg from hypertension decreased the risk of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the public cloud, FPGA-based SmartNICs are widely deployed to accelerate network functions (NFs) for datacenter operators. We argue that with the trend of network as a service (NaaS) in the cloud is also meaningful to accelerate tenant NFs to meet performance requirements. However, in pursuit of high performance, existing work such as AccelNet is carefully designed to accelerate specific NFs for datacenter providers, which sacrifices the flexibility of rapidly deploying new NFs. For most tenants with limited hardware design ability, it is time-consuming to develop NFs from scratch due to the lack of a rapidly reconfigurable framework. In this paper, we present a reconfigurable network processing pipeline, i.e., DrawerPipe, which abstracts packet processing into multiple "drawers" connected by the same interface. NF developers can easily share existing modules with other NFs and simply load core application logic in the appropriate "drawer" to implement new NFs. Furthermore, we propose a programmable module indexing mechanism, namely PMI, which can connect "drawers" in any logical order, to perform distinct NFs for different tenants or flows. Finally, we implemented several highly reusable modules for low-level packet processing, and extended four example NFs (firewall, stateful firewall, load balancer, IDS) based on DrawerPipe. Our evaluation shows that DrawerPipe can easily offload customized packet processing to FPGA with high performance up to 100 Mpps and ultra-low latency (<10 µs). Moreover, DrawerPipe enables modular development of NFs, which is suitable for rapid deployment of NFs. Compared with individual NF development, DrawerPipe reduces the line of code (LoC) of the four NFs above by 68%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]