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Women Mean Business: Colonial businesswomen in New Zealand, Catherine Bishop. Dunedin: Otago University Press, 2019.Imagining Decolonisation, Rebecca Kiddle with Bianca Elkington, Moana Jackson, Ocean Ripeka Mercier, Mike Ross, Jennie Smeaton, and Amanda Thomas, eds. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 2020.Cosmopolitan Ambassadors: International Exhibitions, Cultural Diplomacy and the Polycentral Museum, Lee Davidson and Leticia Pérez Castellanos. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press, 2019.Museums, International Exhibitions and China’s Cultural Diplomacy, Linda Da Kong. London: Routledge, 2021.Curating (Post-)Socialist Environments, Philipp Schorch and Daniel Habit. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2021.A Cultural Arsenal for Democracy: The World War II Work of US Museums, Clarissa J. Ceglio. Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2022.Mobile Museums: Collections in Circulation, Felix Driver, Mark Nesbitt, and Caroline Cornish, eds. London: UCL Press, 2021.Écrire la muséologie: Méthodes de recherche, rédaction, communication [Writing museology, Research methods, writing, communication], François Mairesse and Fabien Van Geert. Paris: Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle Ed, 2021.Cultural Renewal in Cambodia: Academic Activism in the Neoliberal Era, Philippe Peycam. Leiden: Brill, 2020.Animal Classification in Central China: From the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age, Ningning Dong. Oxford: BAR Publishing, 2021.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health problem worldwide. Persistent HBV infection relies on active transcription of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in hepatocytes, which is less understood at the single-cell level. In this study, we isolated primary human hepatocytes from liver-humanized FRG mice infected with HBV and examined cccDNA transcripts in single cells based on 5' end sequencing. Our 5' transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis unambiguously assigns different viral transcripts with overlapping 3' sequences and quantitatively measures viral transcripts for structural genes (3.5 kb, 2.4 kb, and 2.1 kb) and the nonstructural X gene (0.7 kb and related) in single cells. We found that an infected cell either can generate all viral transcripts, signifying active transcription, or presents only transcripts from the X gene and its associated enhancer I domain and no structural gene transcripts. Results from cell infection assays with recombinant HBV show that nonproductive transcription of cccDNA can be activated by incoming virus through superinfection. Moreover, upon HBV infection, cccDNA apparently can be transcribed in the absence of HBx and produces HBx, needed for productive transcription of other viral genes. These results shed new light on cccDNA transcription at the single-cell level and provide insights useful for improving the treatment strategy against chronic HBV infection.

Due to their low surface energy, poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films must be treated by chemical or physical activation methods before using. Among these activation strategies, using sodium naphthalene solution is a popular one. However, the effect of this strategy’s chemical activation conditions on the surface properties of the FEP film is rarely discussed. In this study, FEP films were chemically activated by the sodium naphthalene solution with adjusting concentration, solvent, and activation time. With increasing concentration and activation time, many granular substances appeared on the surface of the FEP film. When tetrahydrofuran was used as a solvent, the color of the film gradually turned brown; when 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone was chosen as the solvent, the color change was not very significant. The contact angle was significantly reduced from 112° before activation to 26° after activation, and the surface energy was greatly enhanced from 34 mN m−1 before activation to 66 mN m−1 after activation. In addition, compared with the FEP samples treated by Ar plasma, the sodium naphthalene system showed a stronger activation ability. Activated FEP films that suffered from the Ar plasma treatment could still maintain a higher energy surface than that of the pristine FEP.

Objective. To explore the predictive value of single-index screening or multi-index combined screening for preeclampsia. Methods. From January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy who had been regularly checked in each center since the first trimester (between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation) were retrieved from multiple participating centers. The risk calculation software LifeCycle 7.0 was used to calculate the risk values before 32 weeks, 34 weeks, and 37 weeks of gestation, and through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the predictive values of pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A), the placental growth factor (PLGF), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the uterine artery pulsatility index (UTPI), or a combined multi-index were calculated for preeclampsia. Results. Finally, 22 pregnant women developed preeclampsia, and the area under the ROC curve of the PAPP-A + PLGF + MAP + UTPI combined screening program was greater than that of other screening programs before 37 weeks of gestation (AUC = 0.975, 0.946, or 0.840 for

Light harvesting is an important part of the photocatalysis process. In this work, carbon self-doped honeycomb-like g-C3N4 with outstanding N2 photofixation ability was prepared via microwave treatment. XRD, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis, SEM, XPS, ESR and PL were used to characterize the as-prepared catalysts. Combining the carbon self-doping with microwave treatment, the n–π* transition was successfully stimulated. The remarkable red shift of absorption edge from 465 nm to near 600 nm was observed, leading to the obviously promoted visible light absorption. The synergy effect of carbon doping and microwave treatment also enhances the surface area and separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs. The as-prepared catalyst displays the highest NH4+ concentration of 5.3 mg L−1 gcat−1, over 11 times higher than that of neat g-C3N4, as well as excellent photocatalytic stability. DFT calculation was also used to further prove our point of view. This paper provides a new way for the construction of high efficiency photocatalysts.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of twin-block appliance in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods. Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic review of seven databases from database establishment until October 16, 2021. There were no language restrictions. The outcomes were changes in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhemoglobin desaturation index (ODI), and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (lowest SaO2). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies included. Results. A total of 207 articles were screened for relevance, and 6 of them met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. Four of the studies were case series, 1 was nonrandomized control trial, and 1 was a randomized crossover clinical trial. After twin-block therapy, there was a significant decrease in AHI (4.35 events/hour, 95% CI: 4.04, 4.66, p ≤ 0.001 ). The lowest SaO2 significantly increased by 9.17% (95% CI: 12.05, 6.28, p ≤ 0.001 ). Sensitivity analysis by excluding studies one by one showed stable and favorable results in lowest SaO2 and AHI. Conclusions. Results from the meta-analysis showed that the use of twin-block appliance significantly decreased AHI and significantly increased lowest SaO2. Hence, twin-block appliance therapy may be an effective method for the treatment of pediatric OSA. Further large sample size randomized controlled trials are needed to assess this treatment efficacy in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Fetal midgut volvulus is rare and fatal, which can be easily missed on prenatal two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to review our experience in prenatal diagnosis of midgut volvulus using 2D and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, so as to assess the diagnostic value of the two ultrasonic methods in fetal midgut volvulus. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on 355 fetuses with intestinal dilatation diagnosed with 2D ultrasonography in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019. All cases underwent 3D volume-rendered imaging. The diagnostic value of the two ultrasonic methods in fetal midgut volvulus was assessed. Results: Twelve cases of midgut volvulus were confirmed during postnatal surgery, 11 of which were correctly identified by prenatal imaging. On 2D ultrasound images, the whirlpool sign was observed in 5/12 (41%) fetuses, and of these 5 fetuses, one case also showed the coffee-bean sign. Two weeks later, another fetus showed the coffee-bean sign on ultrasound. The coffee-bean sign without the whirlpool sign was observed in two fetuses. The spiral sign was observed in 9 of the 12 cases (75%) with 3D imaging using the inversion mode. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 2D ultrasound diagnosis were 83.3%, 93.3% and 93.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 3D ultrasound diagnosis were 91.7%, 98.3% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Midgut volvulus should be highly suspected in the presence of intestinal dilatation and positive spiral sign on 3D volume-rendered images. Absent or decreased intestine wall echo on 2D and 3D images may be indicative of intestinal necrosis.

All-solid-state lithium-based batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes are considered a viable option for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the application of lithium metal is hindered by issues associated with the growth of mossy and dendritic Li morphologies upon prolonged cell cycling and undesired reactions at the electrode/solid electrolyte interface. In this context, alloy materials such as lithium-indium (Li-In) alloys are widely used at the laboratory scale because of their (electro)chemical stability, although no in-depth investigations on their morphological stability have been reported yet. In this work, we report the growth of Li-In dendritic structures when the alloy material is used in combination with a Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte and Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 positive electrode active material and cycled at high currents (e.g., 3.8 mA cm−2) and high cathode loading (e.g., 4 mAh cm−2). Via ex situ measurements and simulations, we demonstrate that the irregular growth of Li-In dendrites leads to cell short circuits after room-temperature long-term cycling. Furthermore, the difference between Li and Li-In dendrites is investigated and discussed to demonstrate the distinct type of dendrite morphology., Li-In alloys are widely used as reference materials in the research field of solid-state lithium-based batteries. Here, the authors report and discuss the instability of Li-In electrodes towards sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries.

A micro-impinging stream reactor (MISR) consisting of a commercial T-junction and steel capillaries, which is of intensified micromixing efficiency as compared with traditional stirred reactors (STR), was applied for the preparation of Co and Al co-doped Ni(OH)2 nanocomposites and their modification with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The co-precipitation preparation process was conducted under precisely controlled proportions and concentrations of reactants in the MISR. Therefore, element analysis showed a higher uniform distribution of metal ions within the nanocomposites obtained through the MISR. The structural characterization and electrochemical measurements also showed that the MISR-prepared metal-doped nanocomposites were of more uniform dispersion and superior electrochemical performance than those prepared with STR. In addition, by modifying with RGO in the MISR, the electrochemical performance of Co and Al co-doped Ni(OH)2 nanocomposites could be further improved. The Co and Al co-doped Ni(OH)2/RGO prepared under optimal conditions achieved an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 2389.5 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and displayed an excellent cycling stability with 83.7% retention of the initial capacitance after 1000 charge/discharge cycles in 6 M KOH aqueous solution.

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) using sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) offer an attractive option for energy storage applications. Lithium anode is the ultimate goal for ASSLBs, but lithium-indium (Li-In) alloy anode is more widely utilized in lab testing owing to the quite stable interface and elimination for the risk of short circuit. However, vigorous growth of Li-In dendrites in SSE is discovered in the present work when a full cell (LiNbO3 coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2//Li6PS5Cl//Li-In) is cycled in high loading and high rate. Our study demonstrates that Li-In anode is unstable towards SSEs at high current, which induces Li-In dendrite growth enclosing electrolyte particles and eventually results in cell death after a long cycling. The morphology and growth mechanism of Li-In dendrites are revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) analysis and density function theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the differences between Li and Li-In dendrites are systematically compared.

With the rapid development of flexible electronic devices, flexible lithium-ion batteries are widely considered due to their potential for high energy density and long life. Anode materials, as one of the key materials of lithium-ion batteries, need to have good flexibility, an excellent specific discharge capacity, and fast charge–discharge characteristics. Carbon fibers are feasible as candidate flexible anode materials. However, their low specific discharge capacity restricts their further application. Based on this, N-doped carbon nanofiber anodes with microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous structures are prepared in this paper. The hierarchical and heterogeneous porosity structure can increase the active sites of the anode material and facilitate the transport of ions, and N-doping can improve the conductivity. Moreover, the N-doped flexible carbon nanofiber with a porous structure can be directly used as the anode for lithium-ion batteries without adding an adhesive. It has a high first reversible capacity of 1108.9 mAh g−1, a stable cycle ability (954.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles), and excellent rate performance. This work provides a new strategy for the development of flexible anodes with high performance.

Background During anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, different methods of harvesting hamstring tendon may lead to different degrees of injury to the inferior patellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN). Most of recent studies in the literature suggest that the classic oblique incision (COI) can reduce the incidence of IPBSN injury. We proposed a modified oblique incision (MOI) and compared it with the COI in terms of the resulting levels of injury and sensory loss and the clinical outcome. Methods Patients with ACL injury admitted to our hospital from April 2015 to July 2019 were randomly selected and included in our study. Thirty patients underwent the COI to harvest hamstring tendons, and the other 32 patients underwent the MOI. The pin prick test was performed to detect the sensation loss at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after the operation. Digital photos of the region of hypoesthesia area were taken, and then, a computer software (Adobe Photoshop CS6, 13.0.1) was used to calculate the area of the hypoesthesia. The length of the incision and knee joint functional score were also recorded. Results At the final follow-up, the incidence of IPBSN injury in COI and MOI were 33.3% and 9.4%, and the areas of paresthesia were 26.4±2.4 cm2 and 9.8±3.4 cm2 respectively. There was no significant difference in the incision length or knee functional score between the two groups. Conclusion The MOI can significantly reduce the risk of injury to the IPBSN, reduce the area of hypoesthesia, and lead to high subjective satisfaction. Therefore, compared with the COI, the MOI is a better method of harvesting hamstring tendons in ACL reconstruction.

Recently, some graph-based methods have been proposed for malware detection. However, current malware is generally characterized by sophisticated behaviors, which makes graph-based malware detection extremely challenging. To address this issue, we propose a graph repartition algorithm by transforming API call graphs into fragment behaviors based on programs’ dynamic execution traces. The proposed algorithm relies on the N-order subgraph (NSG) for constructing the appropriate fragment behavior. Moreover, we improve the term frequency-inverse document frequency- (TF-IDF-) like measure and information gain (IG) to extract the crucial N-order subgraph (CNSG). This novel behavioral representation and improved extraction method can accurately represent crucial behaviors of malware. Experiments on 4,400 samples demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a high accuracy of 99.75% in malware detection and promising performance of 95.27% in malware classification.

The crustal structure in Myanmar can provide valuable information for the eastern margin of the ongoing Indo-Eurasian collision system. We successively performed H–k stacking of the receiver function and joint inversion of the receiver function and surface wave dispersion to invert the crustal thickness (H), shear wave velocity (Vs), and the Vp/Vs ratio (k) beneath nine permanent seismic stations in Myanmar. H was found to increase from 26 km in the south and east of the study area to 51 km in the north and west, and the Vp/Vs ratio was complex and high. Striking differences in the crust were observed for different tectonic areas. In the Indo-Burma Range, the thick crust (H ∼ 51 km) and lower velocities may be related to the accretionary wedge from the Indian Plate. In the Central Myanmar Basin, the thin crust (H = 26.9–35.5 km) and complex Vp/Vs ratio and Vs suggest extensional tectonics. In the Eastern Shan Plateau, the relatively thick crust and normal Vp/Vs ratio are consistent with its location along the western edge of the rigid Sunda Block.

Recycling high-valuable metal elements (such as Li, Ni, Co, Al and Cu elements) from scrapped lithium ion batteries can bring significant economic benefits. However, recycling and reusing anode material has not yet attracted wide attention up to now, due to the lower added-value than the above valuable metal materials and the difficulties in regenerating process. In this paper, a novel regeneration process with significant green advance is proposed to regenerate anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries for the first time. After regenerated, most acetylene black (AB) and all the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) in recycled anode material are removed, and the surface of anode material is coated with pyrolytic carbon from phenolic resin again. Finally, the regenerated anode material (graphite with coating layer, residual AB and a little CMC pyrolysis product) is obtained. As expected, all the technical indexs of regenerated anode material exceed that of a midrange graphite with the same type, and partial technical indexs are even closed to that of the unused graphite. The results indicate the effective regeneration of anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries is really achieved.

A very simple optical tunable device, which can realize multiple functions of frequency selection, reflection and slow light, is presented at the investigation. The proposed device is constructed by a periodic grating-like structure. There are two dielectrics (graphene and silicon) in a period of the equivalent grating. The incident light will strongly resonate with the graphene of electrostatic doping, forming an evanescent wave propagating along the surface of graphene, and this phenomenon is the surface plasmon. Under constructive interference of the polaritons, a unique plasmonic induced transparency phenomenon will be achieved. The induced transparency produced by this device can be well theoretically fitted by the bright and dark mode of optical equivalent cavity which can be called coupled mode theory. This theory can well analyze the influence of various modes and various losses between the function of this device. The device can use gate voltages for electrostatic doping in order to change the graphene carrier concentration and tune the optical performance of the device. Moreover, the length of the device in y-direction is will be much larger than the length of single cycle, providing some basis for realizing the fast tunable function and laying a foundation for the integration. Through a simulation and calculation, we can find that the group index and group delay of this device are as high as 515 and 0.257 picoseconds (ps) respectively, so it can provide a good construction idea for the slow light device. The proposed grating-like metamaterial structure can provide certain simulation and theoretical help for the optical tunable reflectors, absorbers, and slow light devices.

Tengchong is a young volcanic area near the Euro-Asian collision boundary in the southeastern Tibetan margin. Holocene volcanoes are mostly concentrated in the center of the Tengchong basin, where they construct a string-like volcanic cluster along the north-to-south direction. In order to study the magma activity and its relation with the volcanic distribution, we deployed a temporary earthquake observation within the Tengchong basin. The survey line is approximately 40 km long between the Heshui town in the south and the Gudong town in the north, passing through the Laoguipo, Dayingshan, Dakongshan, Xiaokongshan volcanoes and the Crater Lake. Broadband seismic instruments were installed at nine stations with an average 4 km spacing. The observation operated for a period of 14 months from May 2015 to July 2016. According to the Chinese Earthquake Bulletins, we selected 61 teleseismic events with magnitudes greater than M s 5.0 and distance ranges between 30° and 90°. They include 1 M s≥8.0 event, 9 M s≥7.0 events, 49 M s≥ 6.0 events, 2 M s≥5.0 events. Most of the events were located in the western Pacific region, however, they were very rare in west of the study area. Finally, 612 teleseismic waveforms are obtained from the recoding data at nine stations. A time-domain deconvolution technique is employed to compute receiver functions, in which the maximum entropy as the rule to determine auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions is used to calculate receiver functions. The advantage of this is to extract valid signals that are overwhelmed by background noise. The length-scale of seismic structure is sensitive to the waveform frequency, thus two Gaussian filters (1.0 and 2.5) were applied to constrain the receiver functions. The former is used to extract large-scale velocity structures and the latter to resolve detailed structures. Due to the low signal/noise ratio for receiver functions with G >2.5, they are not used in our inversion. The neighborhood algorithm (NA) was used for the receiver function inversion. This approach is a derivative-free searching method for finding models of acceptable data fit in a multi-dimensional parameter space. The objective is to find an ensemble of models that preferentially sampleregions of parameter space that exhibit a good fit to data, rather than seeking a single optimal model. A synthetic receiver function is calculated from the true model using the Thomson-Haskell matrix method. We selected 1000 minimal misfit models to calculate the average S-wave velocity model for each station. Results from nine stations show that there is an interconnected low-velocity zone beneath the Dayingshan, Dakongshan and Heikongshan volcanoes. It is 6–15 km at depth and ranges ~16 km from north to south. A small, low-velocity zone is found beneath the Crater Lake, which is situated at 9–16 km depth with a size of ≤8 km. They are considered to indicators of magma chambers beneath the volcanoes. A heat flow channel which connects two magma chambers can be recognized in the deep crust. To the south, prominent low velocities are observed beneath the Laoguipo volcano, suggesting strong magma activities at depths of 10–25 km, partly affected by the intersection of the Dayingjiang fault zone and the Tengchong volcanic fault zone. It may belong to another magma chamber within the crust also connected to the nearby Maanshan volcano. The Moho depth of the volcanic area varies between 38 and 41 km and is partially elevated beneath the Dakongshan volcano group. For some stations, the Moho appears to be a transition zone with an open channel for the heat flow into the crust from the upper mantle.

We report on 2 different types of left pulmonary artery sling (LPAS), types IA and IIB, diagnosed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We suggest that fetal MRI is an effective tool for accurately diagnosing LPAS and helping guide its perinatal management. Fetal MRI is relatively unaffected by the conditions that limit visualization by echocardiography. When prenatal ultrasound detects either a possible anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery or a tracheobronchial anomaly, fetal MRI may provide additional information to confirm the LPAS diagnosis and classify its type. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of prenatally diagnosed LPAS by fetal MRI.

A new green recycling process (named as direct regeneration process) of cathode material mixture from scrapped LiFePO4 batteries is designed for the first time. Through this direct regeneration process, high purity cathode material mixture (LiFePO4 + acetylene black), anode material mixture (graphite + acetylene black) and other by-products (shell, Al foil, Cu foil and electrolyte solvent, etc.) are recycled from scrapped LiFePO4 batteries with high yield. Subsequently, recycled cathode material mixture without acid leaching is further directly regenerated with Li2CO3. Direct regeneration procedure of recycled cathode material mixture from 600 to 800 °C is investigated in detail. Cathode material mixture regenerated at 650 °C display excellent physical, chemical and electrochemical performances, which meet the reuse requirement for middle-end Li-ion batteries. The results indicate the green direct regeneration process with low-cost and high added-value is feasible.

A micro-impinging stream reactor (MISR) consisting of a commercial T-junction and steel capillaries, which is of intensified micromixing efficiency as compared with traditional stirred reactors (STR), was applied for the preparation of Co and Al co-doped Ni(OH)

To improve the performance of nanofiltration (NF) membranes, a chiral mesogenic compound, a positively charged compound, and a negatively charged compound were grafted to chitosan, respectively. Series of novel composite NF membranes were prepared by over-coating the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with the mixture of chitosan and modified chitosan. The chiral mesogenic compound, the positively charged compound, the negatively compound and their chitosan derivatives were characterized by infrared spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscope; the structure of the membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of composite NF membranes was strictly related to the novel compounds grafted to chitosan and its composition. The rejection reached the maximum of 95.7% for CaCl2 with P2-7 composite NF membrane, corresponding flux was 3155 Lm−2h−1. The rejection reached the maximum of 93% for Na2SO4 with P3-5 composite NF membrane, corresponding flux was 3879 Lm−2h−1. Comparing with conventional NF membranes, the membranes were used in low pressure with high flux, especially for the separation of high-valence ions from solution. The membranes were typical charged NF membranes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:22–30, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers