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The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA, at an EPA:DHA ratio of 150:500) and phytosterol esters (PS) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-six NAFLD subjects were randomly assigned to the following groups: the PS group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS); the FO group (receiving 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d); the PS + FO combination group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS and 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d) and the PO group (a placebo group). The baseline clinical characteristics of the four groups were similar. The primary outcome was liver:spleen attenuation ratio (L:S ratio). The percentage increase in liver–spleen attenuation (≤1) in the PS + FO group was 36 % (P = 0·083), higher than those in the other three groups (PS group, 11 %, P = 0·519; FO group, 18 %, P = 0·071; PO group, 15 %, P = 0·436). Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P = 0·000; FO, P = 0·002; PS + FO, P = 0·001) and TNF-α was significantly decreased in the FO group (P = 0·036), PS + FO group (P = 0·005) and PO group (P = 0·032) at the end of the intervention. Notably, TGF-β was reduced significantly more in the PS + FO group than in the PO group (P = 0·032). The TAG and total cholesterol levels of the PS + FO group were reduced by 11·57 and 9·55 %, respectively. In conclusion, co-supplementation of PS and EPA + DHA could increase the effectiveness of treatment for hepatic steatosis.

Whereas low-temperature ferroelectrics have a well understood ordered spatial dipole arrangement, the fate of these dipoles in paraelectric phases remains poorly understood. Using density functional theory (DFT), we find that unlike the case in conventional non-polar ABO$_3$ compounds illustrated here for cubic BaZrO$_3$, the origin of the distribution of the B site off-centering in cubic paraelectric such as BaTiO$_3$ is an intrinsic, energy stabilizing symmetry breaking. Minimizing the internal energy E of a constrained cubic phase already reveals the formation of a distribution of intrinsic local displacements that (i) mimic the symmetries of the low temperature phases, while (ii) being the precursors of what finite temperature DFT Molecular Dynamics finds as thermal motifs. The implications of such symmetry breaking on the microscopic structures and anomalous properties in these kinds of PE materials are discussed., 3 figures, 10 pages

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA, at an EPA:DHA ratio of 150:500) and phytosterol esters (PS) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-six NAFLD subjects were randomly assigned to the following groups: the PS group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS); the FO group (receiving 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d); the PS + FO combination group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS and 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d) and the PO group (a placebo group). The baseline clinical characteristics of the four groups were similar. The primary outcome was liver:spleen attenuation ratio (L:S ratio). The percentage increase in liver-spleen attenuation (≤1) in the PS + FO group was 36 % (P = 0·083), higher than those in the other three groups (PS group, 11 %, P = 0·519; FO group, 18 %, P = 0·071; PO group, 15 %, P = 0·436). Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P = 0·000; FO, P = 0·002; PS + FO, P = 0·001) and TNF-α was significantly decreased in the FO group (P = 0·036), PS + FO group (P = 0·005) and PO group (P = 0·032) at the end of the intervention. Notably, TGF-β was reduced significantly more in the PS + FO group than in the PO group (P = 0·032). The TAG and total cholesterol levels of the PS + FO group were reduced by 11·57 and 9·55 %, respectively. In conclusion, co-supplementation of PS and EPA + DHA could increase the effectiveness of treatment for hepatic steatosis.

Many countries in the world have implemented many price support policies to promote the development of renewable energy, and there are evolutionary processes between different policies at different stages of national development. Existing literature has less research on the internal mechanism and alternative process of renewable energy price policies’ evolution process. In view of this, this paper innovatively introduces the classic model of innovation diffusion theory, the Bass model, into the renewable energy price mechanism, and improves it on the basis of the traditional Bass model, and then proposes a system dynamics (SD) simulation based on the improved Bass model to study the evolution process of the renewable energy price policies. This paper mainly studies the evolution process of the policies from feed-in tariff (FIT) to renewable portfolio standard (RPS), and takes China’s wind power industry as an example to simulate the model. The results show that FIT can effectively and quickly evolve to RPS based on the internal influence of the interaction among power generation enterprises and the external influence of government behaviors. All the power generation enterprises will implement RPS, and the amount of green power enterprises eventually grows steadily and slowly. In addition, increasing the decline rate of FIT subsidy and RPS unit fine can effectively promote the evolution of RPS policy, and also improve the amount of green power enterprises and the activity of the tradable green certificates (TGC) trading market.

Climate warming caused by carbon emissions is one of the most serious problems faced by human beings, and the carbon trading (CT) mechanism is an effective way to promote carbon emission reduction and achieve green and low-carbon development. Scholars have mainly studied the impact of CT on the energy economy system, and few scholars studied the game process and behavior strategies of government and power producers in the implementation of a CT mechanism. This paper will fill this gap. This paper firstly constructs the evolutionary game model of government and power producers based on CT, and then simulates the evolutionary process of game behavior strategies by establishing a system dynamics (SD) model, and finally studies the influence of government controllable key factors on system stability. The combination of evolutionary game and SD in our study not only clearly reveals the complex and dynamic evolution process of game models under bounded rationality, but also provides a qualitative and quantitative simulation platform for analyzing the dynamic game process between government and power producers. The results show that: (1) There is no evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the game system between government and power producers under CT, and the system evolution is characterized by periodicity; (2) When the government implements dynamic subsidies or punitive measures, the mixed strategy of the game system has ESS; (3) Reducing the unit subsidy and raising the unit fine can both promote the participation of power producers in CT, but the former increases the probability of government supervision; thus, it is best to increase the fines when the government makes strategic adjustments, followed by reducing subsidies.

With the increasing scarcity of fossil fuel resources, the demand for greenhouse gas reduction and environmental protection all over the world, developing bioenergy becomes one of the most important energy strategies. This paper introduces the current development situation of biomass power industry, discusses the dilemmas of this industry’s development in a perspective of industry chain and gives recommendations. Then it proposes the development strategy including development objectives, technology roadmap, and the related policy guarantee measures for the biomass power industry. Finally, we get the conclusion that in the future, with scientific and technological progress, China’s biomass power industry will be rapidly developed with a bright prospect, and the cost will be further reduced.

In recent years, many sensors made of hard materials have been designed to detect human body movements in physical exercises. However, hard materials usually cause extra dyskinesia for body movements. To detect human limb motion with less dyskinesia in physical exercise, a novel flexible capacitive angle sensor (NFCAS) based on a conductive textile was designed in this paper. The NFCAS has two non-parallel plates, namely, an exciting plate and a sensing plate, which can be fixed onto the inner forearm and the inner upper arm. Thus, the angle between the two plates of the NFCAS can be used to represent the angle of medial elbow, and its variation can lead to changes in the sensor&rsquo, s capacitance at the same time. A push-ups experiment and pull-ups experiment were conducted to evaluate the designed NFCAS&rsquo, s performance. Experimental results showed that the NFCAS could detect the main processes of push-ups and pull-ups. Besides high measurement precision, the NFCAS is also soft, thin, lightweight, and easily made. Therefore, it can be widely applied for detecting human limb motion with less dyskinesia in physical exercises.

Pituitary carcinomas are rare malignant neoplasms with diagnostic and management challenges. Patients with pituitary carcinomas have extremely poor outcomes. In this report, the authors describe two cases of pituitary carcinomas with intraspinal metastasis (Case 1: 42-year-old man with a history of pituitary adenoma 16 years ago developed an intraspinal lesion at C4-C5; Case 2: 26-year-old women with a history of growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma 9 years ago developed intraspinal lesion in the sacral canal). Both patients underwent spine surgery. The intraspinal lesions were confirmed as metastatic pituitary carcinomas based on the histomorphology and immunohistochemical stains. The authors reviewed the literature for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of intraspinal metastasis from pituitary carcinomas.

With the rapid development of wind power, the conventional power auxiliary services have not met the requirements of wind power grid-connected power generation in full. In order to relieve the grid-connected and integration issues of wind power, wind power was put forward to participate in ancillary ser-vices on the basis of related research. Aiming at the feasibility problem of wind power auxiliary service, the paper builded the evaluation index system for wind power aux- iliary services firstly. Secondly, the article constructed the evaluation model of wind power auxiliary services based on structural equation model (SEM), and researched the identification and applica- tion of the SEM of wind power auxiliary services. Finally, the conclusion was presented.

Keyword: Energy Internet; Renewable energy; Energy power system. Abstract. In order to promote the large-scale use of distributed renewable energy and improve en- ergy efficiency, many countries started to pay close attention to the development of energy Internet. Europe, the United States, Japan and other developed countries has made some breakthrough in the field of energy Internet construction. The paper mainly analyzed and summarized the development of energy Internet. Some successful projects of energy Internet in the developed countries are intro- duced. And then the paper summarized the status quo and development plan of China's energy In- ternet. Finally, gave some conclusions for the paper. We held that China draw experience from the development of energy Internet in developed countries and find the development road for the con- struction of energy Internet according to practice of the nation

In recent years, the growth rate of wind power in China installed capacity has tended to be sta-ble, and the competition among wind power equipment manufacturers has become increasingly fierce. In order to analyze the industrial performance of wind power in China, the paper summarized the status quo of China’s wind power, and then used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to analyze the industrial performance of China’s wind power from 2010 to 2014. We found that: during the analysis period, the industrial performance of wind power equipment manufacturing was best in 2010. Due to fierce competition between wind turbines manufacturers, the industrial performance was in the declining trend in the next three years. By 2014, the performance increased again, but did not reach the best state. Besides, the technical efficiency has been better than scale efficiency. 1 INSTRUCTION With the adjustment of energy structure, the renewable energy, especially the wind power, was facing a historic opportunity for development in China. In recent years, wind power industry itself has been also in the state of constant adjustment. The scale of projects approval, equipment tendering and projects construction of the wind power all has bigger growth. Besides, the grid-connected and integration issues of China’s wind power were also alleviated, due to the construction of UHV grid and the implementation of interconnection policy and subsidies policy. Therefore, the installed capacity of wind power in China maintained a rapid growth. At present, the market concentration degree of wind power manufacturing industry in China has been in a downward trend, but it is still higher [Yuanxin Liu, 2015]. According to the new installed capacity situation, the domestic market shares of the top 20 wind turbine manufacturers were about 90%. Although the market demand of domestic wind power grew steadily, the competition between wind power manufacturers was still fierce, and the overcapacity problem of wind power industry was stall serious. Both fierce competition and overcapacity have important influence on the industrial efficiency, so it is significant to research on the industrial performance of China’s wind power. In recent years, large numbers of scholars researched the China’s wind power industry from different aspects, such as wind power price and policy [Ping Lu, 2013] [Ting-Ting Mi, 2012], development bottleneck [Zhao Dong, 2009] [Hua BAI, 2012], sustainable development [Zheng-ming WANG, 2008] [Weidong Shi, 2011]and wind power industry innovation [Yuanying CHI, 2008] [Jorrit Gosens, 2013]. The research literatures of China’s wind Power industry have been comprehensive. Based on the exiting research literatures, the paper adopted the DEA model to analyze the industrial performance of China’s wind power.

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