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PurposeTo explore the inter-regional health index at the city level to contribute to the reduction of health inequalities.MethodsEmployed the health determinant model to select indicators for the urban health index of Shenzhen City. Utilized principal component analysis, the weights of these indicators are determined to construct the said health index. Subsequently, the global Moran’s index and local Moran’s index are utilized to investigate the geographical spatial distribution of the urban health index across various administrative districts within Shenzhen.ResultsThe level of urban health index in Shenzhen exhibits spatial clustering and demonstrates a positive spatial correlation (2017, Moran’s I = 0.237; 2019, Moran’s I = 0.226; 2021, Moran’s I = 0.217). However, it is noted that this clustering displays a relatively low probability (90% confidence interval). Over the period from 2017 to 2019, this spatial clustering gradually diminishes, suggesting a narrowing of health inequality within economically developed urban areas.ConclusionOur study reveals the urban health index in a relatively high-income (Shenzhen) in a developing country. Certain spatially correlated areas in Shenzhen present opportunities for the government to address health disparities through regional connectivity.

Objective To explore the role of pyruvate kinase M20 (PKM2)-regulated glycolysis on nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)- and absentin melanoma 2 (AIM2)-mediated inflammatory activation of macrophages in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Renal biopsy samples from 30 DN patients and tumor-adjacent renal tissue samples from 20 renal cancer patients were collected for detection of the expressions of the glycolytic marker PKM2, the macrophage infiltration marker CD68 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using immunohistochemistry. The levels of TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in serum samples from the DN patients and 20 healthy volunteers were detected by ELISA. In cultured mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the effects of mannitol, high-glucose exposure, high-glucose exposure plus PKM2 siRNA, and high-glucose exposure plus glycolysis inhibitor on the expression of PKM2, p-EIF2AK2, EIF2AK2, NLRP3 and AIM2 were detected using Western blotting; the secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR, and the lactate content and glucose absorption of the cells were assayed using commercial detection kits. Results Compared with the tumor-adjacent renal tissues, the renal tissues from DN patients showed significantly increased expression of PKM2, CD68 and TNF-α (P < 0.01). In the cell cultures of macrophages, high glucose exposure obviously upregulated the cellular expression of PKM2, p-EIF2AK2, NLRP3 and AIM2 proteins (P < 0.01) and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 (P < 0.01) and increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, lactic acid and glucose in the cell supernatant (P < 0.01). Transfection of the cells with PKM2 siRNA significantly inhibited inflammatory responses of the macrophages induced by high-glucose exposure. Conclusion High glucose stimulation can enhance the level of glycolysis in macrophages and promote the activation of inflammasomes and release of inflammatory cytokines through a mechanism involving the activation of PKM2-EIF2AK2 signaling pathway.

Network attention is the degree of public attention to things on the Internet. With the rapid development of Web 2.0, the network attention of hotels on the tourism network platform has become an important reference for tourists to select an appropriate hotel. Based on the above, taking 371 hotels with three stars and more in Xi’an as the research object and gathering the data of hotels’ network attention from www.ctrip.com., we explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of hotels’ network attention. The result shows that: (1) From 2016 to 2018, due to the development of hotel online booking business, Consumers’ attention to Xi’an three-star and above hotels on www.ctrip.com. has increased significantly; (2) With the Bell and Drum Tower business district as the core, the spatial distribution of network attention of hotels with three stars and above in Xi’an presents the pattern of “large agglomeration and small dispersion”; (3) The network attention of different levels of hotels has obvious differences in spatial agglomeration;

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on lactation, rumen microbiota, and metabolomics in dairy goats. Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats, with comparable milk yields and in the mid-lactation stage, were randomly divided into two groups, with 10 goats in each group. The control group was fed a standard diet, while the ZnONP group received the control diet plus 30 mg ZnONPs/kg DM. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days, followed by a trial period of 30 days. The results showed that the addition of ZnONPs increased the milk yield and milk fat content (p < 0.05). The results of rumen microbial sequencing showed that the Chao1, Observed species, and PD_whole_tree indices of the ZnONP group were higher than those of the control group. The addition of ZnONPs altered the composition of the rumen microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Prevotella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group) and decreasing the abundance of the harmful bacterium Sediminispirochaeta. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified a total of 261 differential metabolites between the two groups, indicating changes in rumen metabolism. Further correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between beneficial bacteria (Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Anaeroplasma) and metabolites such as nicotinamide riboside, inosine, and guanosine (p < 0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between milk yield and beneficial bacteria (RF39 and Clostridia vadinBB60 group), as well as between milk fat content and Quinella (p < 0.05). In summary, ZnONP supplementation can improve the structure of the rumen microbiota in dairy goats, positively influencing milk yield, milk composition, and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of curcumin nanoparticles on the flesh quality of largemouth bass on a high-carbohydrate diet. A total of 180 fish (11.01 ± 0.02 g) were fed three semi-purified diets: the Control group (LC) were supplemented with standard carbohydrate (10%), the experimental group (HC) were supplemented with 15% carbohydrate, and the experimental group were supplemented with 0.2% nano-curcumin added to 15% carbohydrate (HCN) for 6 weeks. Results showed that a* value, taurine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, cystine, fatty acids (C17:0 and C20:2n6), MDA (malondialdehyde) content, and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in HC. Muscle fibers showed significant increases in horizontal diameter, longitudinal diameter, and cross-sectional area (p < 0.05), as well as up-regulated expression levels of the MRFS (myogenic regulatory factor) family gene and MSTN (myostatin) (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in C16:1n7 in HC (p < 0.05). Importantly, the HCN group enhanced the muscle quality of largemouth bass by elevating the L* value, valine, isoleucine, arginine and cystine, C20:2n6, decreasing (p < 0.05) refrigeration loss, chewability, firmness and hardness, then MDA content and SOD activity, and downregulating (p < 0.05) MSTN and MRFS family gene expression levels to improve largemouth bass muscle quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-plastics (NPs) have emerged as a pervasive global contaminant, posing significant threats to carnivorous fish, in recent years. The accumulation of polystyrene nano-plastics (PS-NPs) can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the concurrent impacts of PS-NPs on lipid metabolism and ER stress in largemouth bass have not been sufficiently investigated. To study this gap, we established a largemouth bass model exposed to PS-NPs in a culture environment. The exposure experiment focused on 100 μg/L PS-NPs (100 nm). Transcriptomics analysis revealed a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in a lipid metabolism pathway and ER process. The levels of biochemical parameters associated with lipid metabolism, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, demonstrated that exposure to PS-NPs for nineteen days had an impact on lipid metabolism. Additionally, the expression levels of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and ER stress exhibited a significant increase following exposure to PS-NPs for nineteen days, whereas these changes were not significant after a seven-day exposure period. The ER stress induced by PS-NPs exhibited a positive correlation with lipid metabolism disorder and the magnitude of damage caused by prolonged exposure to PS-NPs in largemouth bass. The present study provides novel insights into the health threats encountered by largemouth bass when exposed to NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fat overload syndrome is a rare and severe adverse reaction triggered by the infusion of a single source of lipid emulsion, resulting in elevated blood triacylglycerol (TG) levels. The majority of literature reports focus on cases of fat overload syndrome in patients with mild symptoms. This case is significant because it demonstrates the diagnostic and therapeutic experience and provide valuable insights for the management for severe fat overload syndrome. Case Presentation: We present a case report of a female patient who developed fat overload syndrome following prolonged and excessive infusion of lipid emulsion after colon resection surgery. In the setting of compromised immune function and malnutrition, the patient's pulmonary infection and respiratory distress symptoms have further exacerbated. Hence, in addition to severe pancreatitis, the patient has also contracted severe pneumonia. Upon admission, tracheal intubation, plasma exchange and blood perfusion were performed. Subsequently, comprehensive treatment was provided, including anti-infection, antispasmodic, acid suppression, enzyme inhibition, as well as targeted supportive measures to stabilize electrolytes and nutritional status. After treatment, there was a progressive reduction in blood lipid levels. After assessing the relevant risks, it was deemed necessary to perform an emergency computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous drainage tube placement procedure targeting the necrotic area of the pancreas while the patient was still intubated. Finally, the patient was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: The case highlights the association between fat overload syndrome and pancreatitis as well as the use of lipid emulsions and suggests the treatment strategies for severe fat overload syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]