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A dense monolithic SiC/(Hf0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25)C/C high-entropy ceramic nanocomposite was prepared using a polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) method combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning-electron microscope (SEM), and nanoindentation. The results indicate that the phase composition of SiC/(Hf0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25)C/C can be adjusted by modifying the metal content of the single-source precursor (SSP) through molecular design. The resulting precursor exhibits an exceptionally high ceramic yield, with mass retention of over 90% at 1100 °C, which guarantees the densification of the final SiC/(Hf0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25)C/C composites. The PDC route facilitates the in situ formation of a high-entropy phase within the ceramic matrix under low temperature pyrolysis conditions. Combined with SPS, a dense monolithic SiC/(Hf0.25Ta0.25Zr0.25Nb0.25)C/C nanocomposite was obtained, exhibiting an open porosity of 0.41 vol%, nano-hardness of 27.47 ± 0.46 GPa, elastic modulus of 324.00 ± 13.60 GPa, and fracture toughness of 3.59 ± 0.24 MPa·m0.5, demonstrating excellent mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the possibility of using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique to detect gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the form of its sodium salt in different beverages, but because it is not possible to freely buy GHB, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and its sodium salt (NaBHB) were used as a model to fine-tune an X-ray diffraction method for the qualitative analysis of the sodium salt of GHB. The method requires only a small quantity of beverage and an easy sample preparation that consists only of the addition of NaOH to the drink and a subsequent drying step. The dry residue obtained can be easily analyzed with XRPD using a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer, which exploits its high sensitivity and allows for very fast pattern collection. Several beverages with different NaBHB:NaOH molar ratios were tested, and the results showed that NaBHB was detected in all drinks analyzed when the NaBHB:NaOH molar ratio was 1:50, using a characteristic peak at very low 2θ values, which also permitted the detection of its presence in complex beverage matrices. Moreover, depending on the amount of NaOH added, shifting and/or splitting of the characteristic NaBHB salt peak was observed, and the origin of this behavior was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-xMnxO3 ceramics were fabricated by a novel ball milling technique followed by spin-coating to produce thin-film resistive memories. Measurements were made using field emission scanning electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, X-ray diffractometers, and precision power meters to observe, analyze, and calculate surface microstructures, roughness, crystalline phases, half-height widths, and memory characteristics. Firstly, the effect of different sintering methods with different substitution ratios of Mn4+ for Ti4+ was studied. The surface microstructural changes of the films prepared by the one-time sintering method were compared with those of the solid-state reaction method, and the effects of substituting a small amount of Ti4+ with Mn4+ on the physical properties were analyzed. Finally, the optimal parameters obtained in the first part of the experiment were used for the fabrication of the thin-film resistive memory devices. The voltage and current characteristics, continuous operation times, conduction mechanisms, activation energies, and hopping distances of two types of thin-film resistive memory devices, BST and BSTM, were measured and studied under different compliance currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of congo red (CR) is a critical issue in contemporary textile industry wastewater treatment. The current study introduces a combined electrochemical process of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) to address the elimination of this dye. Moreover, it discusses the formation of a triple composite of Co, Mn, and Ni oxides by depositing fixed salt ratios (1:1:1) of these oxides in an electrolysis cell at a constant current density of 25 mA/cm2. The deposition ended within 3 hours at room temperature. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterized the structural and surface morphology of the multi-oxide sediment. Marvelously, the deposition has simultaneously occurred on both anodic and cathodic graphite electrodes. These electrodes besides aluminum (Al) are employed as anodes in the EC-EO system, and the results were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum operating conditions were a current density of 6 mA/cm2, pH = 7, and NaCl of 0.26 g/L. The results showed that the combined system eliminated more than 99.91% of the congo red dye with a removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of around 97% with 1.64 kWh/kg of dye of the consumed energy. At low current density, the current delivered for the composite anode was more than for the Al anode with the same surface area. On top of this superiority, the EC-EO scenario is a practical hybrid process to remove CR in an environmentally friendly pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The KCaF3 perovskite catalyst was successfully synthesized by reacting limestone (natural-CaCO3) with potassium fluoride (KF). The synthesis of the KCaF3 catalyst was conducted with several variations in the mole ratio of CaCO3 to KF (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The research results showed that the addition of KF can affect the characteristics of the catalyst. The optimal catalyst is the KCaF3 catalyst with a mole ratio variation of 1:3. X-ray diffractometer analysis revealed that the highest KCaF3 phase composition reached 74.05%, while thermogravimetric analysis indicated a CaCO3 concentration of 34.50%. Surface Area Analyzer analysis shows that KCaF3 has the largest surface area, which is 187.1 m²/g. This catalyst efficiently facilitated the transesterification of palm oil, yielding 93.4% biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, we have successfully fabricated a calcium titanate perovskite compound. The resulting CaTiO3 compound was studied by preparing samples by compacting it in a powder state and using a Pousson device. The distance between the planes dhkl, Miller indices (hkl), degree of crystallinity and amorphism, structure and lattice parameters of the calcium titanate perovskite compound were determined using an X-ray diffractometer. Also, according to the results of FT-IR analysis, the formation of CaTiO3 perovskite is confirmed as a result of the study of molecular vibrations. The main broad peaks are observed in the range of 680÷400 cm-1, the absorption band at the wave number of 543,93 cm-1 corresponds to the specific stretching vibrations of Ti-O bonds and indicates the formation of the CaTiO3 perovskite type structure implies. Based on the results of these measurements, it will be possible to use semiconductor compounds in the future to create nanofilms by magnetron sputtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for powder X‐ray diffraction analysis continues to increase in a variety of scientific fields, as the excellent beam quality of high‐brightness synchrotron light sources enables the acquisition of high‐quality measurement data with high intensity and angular resolution. Synchrotron powder diffraction has enabled the rapid measurement of many samples and various in situ/operando experiments in nonambient sample environments. To meet the demands for even higher throughput measurements using high‐energy X‐rays at SPring‐8, a high‐throughput and high‐resolution powder diffraction system has been developed. This system is combined with six sets of two‐dimensional (2D) CdTe detectors for high‐energy X‐rays, and various automation systems, including a system for automatic switching among large sample environmental equipment, have been developed in the third experimental hutch of the insertion device beamline BL13XU at SPring‐8. In this diffractometer system, high‐brilliance and high‐energy X‐rays ranging from 16 to 72 keV are available. The powder diffraction data measured under ambient and various nonambient conditions can be analysed using Rietveld refinement and the pair distribution function. Using the 2D CdTe detectors with variable sample‐to‐detector distance, three types of scan modes have been established: standard, single‐step and high‐resolution. A major feature is the ability to measure a whole powder pattern with millisecond resolution. Equally important, this system can measure powder diffraction data with high Q exceeding 30 Å−1 within several tens of seconds. This capability is expected to contribute significantly to new research avenues using machine learning and artificial intelligence by utilizing the large amount of data obtained from high‐throughput measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For thermoelectric applications at high temperatures, perovskite SrTiO3 is a promising contender as an n‐type oxide thermoelectric (TE) material. In this work, SrxLa0.1TiO3−δ/TiO2−y composite ceramics were successfully synthesized by solid state reaction, using a combination of A‐site cation vacancy and composite fabrication. Through X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy analysis, a complex microstructure composed of two kinds of titanium oxides was formed after reductive sintering and annealing. In addition, controlling the content of Sr vacancies in the SrxLa0.1TiO3−δ matrix increased the thermoelectric power factor (PF) by optimizing the weighted mobility in the composite, resulting in the highest PF of 425.8 μW m−1 K−2 and the maximum ZT of 0.16 for the Sr0.875La0.1TiO3−δ/TiO2−y composite through the synergistic optimization of electrical and thermal transport properties. The strategy proposed in this study of design A‐site‐deficient composites with nano‐sized metal paved a new way to fabricate high performance oxide thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For more than a decade, the CheMin X-ray diffraction instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, has been returning definitive and quantitative mineralogical and mineral–chemistry data from ~3.5-billion-year-old (Ga) sediments in Gale crater, Mars. To date, 40 drilled rock samples and three scooped soil samples have been analyzed during the rover's 30+ km transit. These samples document the mineralogy of over 800 m of flat-lying fluvial, lacustrine, and aeolian sedimentary rocks that comprise the lower strata of the central mound of Gale crater (Aeolis Mons, informally known as Mt. Sharp) and the surrounding plains (Aeolis Palus, informally known as the Bradbury Rise). The principal mineralogy of the sedimentary rocks is of basaltic composition, with evidence of post-depositional diagenetic overprinting. The rocks in many cases preserve much of their primary mineralogy and sedimentary features, suggesting that they were never strongly heated or deformed. Using aeolian soil composition as a proxy for the composition of the deposited and lithified sediment, it appears that, in many cases, the diagenetic changes observed are principally isochemical. Exceptions to this trend include secondary nodules, calcium sulfate veining, and rare Si-rich alteration halos. A surprising and yet poorly understood observation is that nearly all of the ~3.5 Ga sedimentary rocks analyzed to date contain 15–70 wt.% of X-ray amorphous material. Overall, this >800 m section of sedimentary rock explored in lower Mt. Sharp documents a perennial shallow lake environment grading upward into alternating lacustrine/fluvial and aeolian environments, many of which would have been habitable to microbial life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the effect of Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) template particles size on the structure and piezoelectric properties of 〈001〉‐textured (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT)‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics. Results of X‐ray diffractometer analyses and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that high purity BiT template particles could be obtained with the KCl as the molten salt system. Highly 〈001〉‐textured (~87%) BNT‐based ceramics prepared with large size BiT templates (7.75 µm) exhibited a high inverse piezoelectric constant d33* (1100 pm/N), which was ∼3.38‐fold larger than that with 1.91 µm (325 pm/N). In addition, we have found that too small the template size can make it difficult to align the orientation of the template during the casting process, whereas too large the size can create problems such as too much hysteresis (∆S/Smax = 67%). This study has demonstrated that the use of high purity large size BiT template particles could provide a feasible route to fabricate BNT‐based textured ceramics with desired electro‐strain properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive levels of residual stresses (RS) in metallic components of flexible pipes can lead to failure by fatigue or stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanisms. Accurate measurements of residual stresses are essential in order to support comprehensive integrity assessments of these structures. Objective: This paper aims at proposing a methodology for in-field evaluation of the residual stresses in the tensile armour of flexible pipes. This methodology is evaluated by comparing results from the contour method (CM), a portable (PXRD) and a benchtop (BXRD) X-ray diffractometer. Methods: A set of samples with a controlled RS state was used to evaluate PXRD depth-profiles by comparison with BXRD measurements. CM was used to investigate stress values elsewhere in the cross-section of the samples. PXRD was then used to measure the total stress on a full-scale flexible riser. Results: Strong texture was seen in XRD measurements due to the preferential orientation in the samples, but a method to overcome this is proposed. RS measurements with PXRD were in close agreement with BXRD values in all samples. Total stress profiles obtained by PXRD on a tensile armour of flexible pipe are given. CM did not provide reliable results in the near-surface region of shot-peened samples, but reasonable agreement was found with BXRD after manual adjustment of a smoothing parameter when depths from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm were analyzed. Conclusion: A methodology has been established for non-destructive in-loco profiling of the total stress state in tensile armours of flexible pipes with PXRD; in a real application scenario it could provide valuable information that could help to understand damage initiation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion features of 20# carbon steel, the base material of sour water stripper, in NH4Cl solution were examined in this research. The anatomical samples of the corroded parts were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer and other analytical tools. It was found to be a localized perforation caused by pitting, and the corrosion product was FeCl2. 20# steel was subjected to electrochemical testing using Tafel polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The studies showed that the 20# steel's cathodic depolarization reaction rate speeds as density rises, and that the concentration polarization gets more marked as temperature rises. The corrosion rate of 20# steel is the fastest when temperature hits its highest point of 80°C, measuring 4.7142 mm/a. When density rose from 5 to 20%, corrosion rate grew from 1.6378 to 7.2430 mm/a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-induced electroless bi-layered Co/Sn coating was fabricated on a mild steel substrate by plating the Co layer as a primer and the Sn as an outer layer. This Co/Sn bi-layer coating was prepared by using a dual bath (chloride-based electroless Co and Sn bath) with varying single-layer thickness. The growth rate of the primer and outer layers was evaluated in a temperature range of 60° to 90°C. The morphology, composition, and phase structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The bi-layer coating showed a significant improvement in corrosion resistance in terms of a reduction in corrosion current and corrosion rate and an increase in polarization resistance compared to the single-layer coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossilized wood is a key geoheritage feature found in many protected areas. Knowledge about its formation is also key to the understanding of such areas. This study investigates the mineralization processes of the world's longest petrified wood (Koompassioxylon elegans), BT1, located in Tak, Thailand, an extraordinary and rare specimen with significance for scientific, educational, geotourism, recreational, geopark, and geoheritage purposes. Multiple techniques including petrography, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEMEDS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were employed. Petrographically, the wood structures exhibit different types of quartz crystals, with microcrystalline quartz and spherulitic chalcedony being prominent. The vessels contain chalcedony and crypto-to micro- crystalline quartz, with vug-like precipitation occurring within them. Prismatic quartz crystals grow divergently around the vessels, while other cells such as tracheids, rays, and parenchyma (see Appendix for definition of these terms) are permineralized by polycrystalline quartz, chalcedony, and opal, indicating degradation of these cells. The cells outside the vessels also contain the larger polycrystalline quartz grains cross-cutting the wood cell boundaries. Red to reddish-brown Feoxides coat some fissures and cracks. XRD analysis reveals dominant peaks of quartz, followed by analcite, feldspar, montmorillonite, and goethite. SEM-EDS analysis identifies major and trace elements in the wood, showing incomplete permineralization with remnants of carbon in the wood cells. Mineral replacement and permineralization occur in the cell walls, tracheid lumen, vessels, intercellular spaces, and void spaces. The weathering in BT1 is identified by the presence of iron stains, goethite inclusions, a spongy appearance, lenticular features, and fungal growth on the perforated texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important industrial requirements is to find the materials which have the tendency to withstand harsh environments, such as high pressure, high temperature, and radiation environments, so that they will maintain high efficiency in these conditions. Such materials are greatly required for aerospace, defense, and high-temperature molecular device fabrications. In the present context, we have chosen l-isoleucine samples to assess the crystallographic phase stability under dynamic shocked conditions. The stability result has been screened by a powder x-ray diffractometer (PXRD). Based on the observed diffraction results, it is well evidenced by the cleavage planes, such as (002) (003), (004), (005), and (006), that the applied shock waves do not induce any crystallographic phase transitions and lattice deformations even at 200 shocks. The unit cell dimensions of the l-isoleucine sample were a = 9.752 Å, b = 5.321 Å, c = 14.13 Å and V = 728 Å3 which were found to be the same under all numbers of shocked conditions. Hence, the l-isoleucine sample is strongly suggested for device fabrication, and previous static high-pressure experimental results also support this suggestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X‐ray diffractometer with Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy were used for phase analysis. Ca doping results in decreased εr (24.09–21.52), Q × f (68 914–40 110 GHz), and τf (−50.0 ppm/°C to −60.2 ppm/°C) all decrease, which obviously does not conform to the mutual constraint relationship among the three parameters of microwave dielectric properties. The εr of Ce1−xCaxO2−x ceramics is affected by the ion polarizability and the Ce rattling and valence states, among which the rattling of Ce cations plays a dominant role. The presence of oxygen vacancies in Ce1−xCaxO2−x ceramics explains the decrease in Q × f. The τε, εr, and αL are responsible for the decrease in τf, especially for the ταm‐3αL values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete structures partially immersed in seawater will be subjected to severe chloride and sulfate erosion under the capillary and diffusion actions. Nevertheless, the present studies only discuss the capillary action in a static water level environment, without considering the capillary action in a water level fluctuating environment. In this paper, the mechanical properties and ions transmission law of concrete under the capillary and diffusion actions in water level fluctuating environment were investigated through a series of indoor exposure tests. Three erosion solutions were set to study the interaction effects of chloride, sulfate, and magnesium within concrete. Based on the compressive strength tests, the mechanical properties of concrete in a water level fluctuating environment were explored. The natural diffusion tests were carried out to research the sulfate and chloride transmission law within concrete above and in the water level fluctuating zone (WLFZ). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and mercury injection porosimeter (MIP) measurements were conducted to analyze the microstructures at various zones of concrete under different erosion solutions. The results show that the concrete partially immersed in WLFZ suffers from severe sulfate attack on mechanical properties due to the dual influences of sulfate chemical and physical crystallization attack. The chloride concentration within concrete above WLFZ is significantly higher under the capillary action. The sulfate concentration within concrete above WLFZ is lower because of the chemical binding of sulfate within concrete. The higher porosity and more capillary pores exist in concrete above WLFZ due to the carbonization and water evaporation. By decreasing the porosity of concrete, sulfate will inhibit the chloride transmission and magnesium will restrain the sulfate and chloride transmission. The transmission mechanisms of erosion ions within concrete above WLFZ consist of vertical transmission under the capillary action and lateral transmission under the diffusion action and water evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X‐ray diffractometer with Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy were used for phase analysis. Ca doping results in decreased εr (24.09–21.52), Q × f (68 914–40 110 GHz), and τf (−50.0 ppm/°C to −60.2 ppm/°C) all decrease, which obviously does not conform to the mutual constraint relationship among the three parameters of microwave dielectric properties. The εr of Ce1−xCaxO2−x ceramics is affected by the ion polarizability and the Ce rattling and valence states, among which the rattling of Ce cations plays a dominant role. The presence of oxygen vacancies in Ce1−xCaxO2−x ceramics explains the decrease in Q × f. The τε, εr, and αL are responsible for the decrease in τf, especially for the ταm‐3αL values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 composite materials were successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction method. The phase structure and morphology of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. The results show that TiO2 particles are evenly distributed between the layers and on the surface of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. The prepared composite materials were added to PAO6 base oil, and the MDW-02 friction and wear testing machine was used to study the effects of material addition concentration, working load and working speed on the tribological properties of lubricating oil. The friction test results show that the introduction of Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 composite material can reduce friction, and the maximum reduction of friction and wear was achieved under additive concentration of 1.0 wt%. By scanning electron microscopy analysis of the wear scars, it was confirmed that the prepared nanocomposites repaired the scratched surface and formed a uniform lubricating film, which helped to improve the tribological properties of the base oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe–Co–Ni–Mn films doped with different concentrations of Ge were prepared on the Si substrates by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Transmission electron microscopy (with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer) and an x-ray diffractometer were used to systematically study the microstructure evolution of the Fe–Co–Ni–Mn–Ge films. The results indicate that the Fe–Co–Ni–Mn films doped with a large amount of Ge show significant element segregation after rapid high-temperature annealing. However, with the decrease in the doping amount of Ge to approximately equal molar ratio with magnetic elements, Ge and magnetic elements achieve perfect mutual dissolution at the same annealing conditions, forming single-phase solid solution. Electrical transport tests suggest that its electrical property is close to semiconductors. The mechanism of enhanced mutual solubility between semiconductor elements and magnetic elements is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the solidification and precipitation behaviors of primary carbides in H13 bloom die steel, the size, morphology, distribution, and type of carbides from the chilling edge to the center of bloom H13 steel are studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an X-ray diffractometer and a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic software, and both formation time of carbides under equilibrium and non-equilibrium solidification are discussed. Results show that the primary carbides are distributed in the final solidification of steel, mainly including MC type V–Ti PC, V PC and M7C3 type Mo–Cr PC. From the edge to the center, the average area of primary carbide increases by 620.22 μm2, with an increase of 3.53%. From the edge to 1/4 position, V-rich and Mo–Cr-rich carbides mainly exist; at the 1/4 position, V-rich and Mo–Cr-rich carbides are interconnected; from 1/4 position to center, three kinds of interconnected V–Ti PC, V‑rich PC and Mo–Cr PC carbides exist. Oxides promote the precipitation of MC type while sulfides promote the precipitation of M7C3 type. Thermodynamics show that the primary carbide MC will not be formed in the equilibrium solidification, but will precipitate in non-equilibrium, with the precipitation temperature of 1108°C at the solidification fraction of 0.9987. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the influence of pulse frequency in the electric pulse treatment (EPT) on the wear and corrosion resistance of Al-4.5Mg-3Si alloy has been investigated by using a ring block friction tester, electrochemical workstation, stereo microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffractometer. Results have shown that the hardness of samples with EPT significantly improved, and the volume of the Mg2Si phase was lower than those of the original sample. And the wear and corrosion resistance of Al-4.5Mg-3Si alloy was significantly improved by EPT. When the pulse frequency was 7 Hz, the maximum hardness was 77.100 HBS, and the volume fraction of the Mg2Si phase was reduced from 38.28 to 33.81%. The self-corrosion potential was increased from − 1.3241 to − 1.2764 V, self-corrosion current density was reduced from 1.2726 × 10−5 to 1.0048 × 10−5 A/cm2, and the lowest average corrosion rate was 113.10 g/m2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, textured ceramics were successfully obtained using press-compaction-assisted binder jetting for the first time. A mixture of alumina nanoplatelets and nanoparticles was used as the feedstock powder (the nanoplatelets served as templates for epitaxial grain growth during sintering while the nanoparticles were consumed by the grain growth). The nanoplatelet fraction in the mixture was varied from 0 wt% to 50 wt%. Green samples were prepared with a lab-designed press-compaction-assisted binder jetting machine. The green samples were then sintered in a furnace and their sintered densities were measured. A scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer were used to investigate the degree of texture in the sintered samples. Finally, the biaxial flexural strength of the sintered samples was measured. As the nanoplatelet fraction increased, the sintered density decreased, but the degree of texture increased. Interestingly, the biaxial flexural strength of the sintered samples with 5 wt% or 10 wt% nanoplatelets was higher than those without nanoplatelets, suggesting the increased degree of texture has a stronger effect on the mechanical response than the reduced sintered density under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastes from the industries can be reused, recycled and reduced by the effective consumption. Moreover, these materials are effectively used as construction materials; the production of sustainable environment is possible. The secondary materials are throwing away from every metal making industries and the wastes are discharged to land, water and air bodies. The waste disposal to land makes the soil unhealthy. The living and non-living things in water bodies are also spoiled. The effective exploitation of industrial wastes is done by using the waste materials in making of concrete. Budding graduates have to overcome very far these issues with alternate construction materials. As a trigger to them here, it is extended from the earlier study to investigate the properties of concrete subjected to acid attack, the behaviour on concrete in reinforced structural members and also the microstructure study usin X-Ray Diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geochemistry and mineralogy of Mn nodules offer crucial insights into the origins, environmental changes, and distribution of abyssal resources. However, the conventional laboratory X-ray diffractometer, usually employed for semi-quantitative analysis of mineral composition in Mn nodules, often fails to sufficiently detect minor phases due to beam flux limitations and high background signals. In this study, we investigated differences in manganate composition, even when comprising around 1% of the phase fraction, in two manganese nodules (KC-8 and KODOS-10) using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The Mn/Fe ratios of KC-8 and KODOS-10 were 1.32 and 6.24, respectively, indicating that KC-8 and KODOS-10 were predominantly formed in hydrogenetic and diagenetic environments. Both samples contained quartz, vernadite, buserite, and feldspar. Todorokite and illite were exclusively observed in KODOS-10. In KC-8, the phase fractions of vernadite and buserite among manganates ranged from 94(5)%–100(4)% and 6(1)%–0%, respectively. However, in KODOS-10, the fractions of vernadite, buserite, and todorokite ranged from 47(1)%–56(2)%, 33.6(4)%–40.1(3)%, and 10(3)%–16.3(8)%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marl soils with different carbonate contents usually show more unpredictable behavior than other problematic soils. In some marl soil groups, freezing–thawing (F-T) cycles can result in slaking and detrimental effects on the soil mechanical properties. However, up to now, studies on the performance of stabilized marl with alkali-activated materials under F-T cycles have been noticed to be quite limited. Moreover, the filled pores in the marl layered matrix and cementing materials bonded particles during the formation mechanism have not been clearly explored yet. This study investigated the improvement of slaking marl soil with a geopolymer based on recycled glass powder (RGP) activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for complete replacement of industrial cement. The study evaluated the effects of the changes of the curing times (7, 28, and 90 days), RGP content (5%, 10%, and 15%), alkali concentration (2, 4, and 6M), curing temperatures as close to research conditions as possible (20°C and 50°C), volumetric strain, and 12 cycles of F-T for the unconfined compression strength (UCS) and consolidation test results. The control sets, comprising natural and cement-stabilized samples, were prepared and examined to provide a reference baseline. The mineralogical and microstructural characteristics were determined through X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results revealed that the cyclic F-T actions damaged the bonding between marl layers and made an irreversible structure with a lower UCS value. The results indicated that after conducting F-T cycles, the UCS of stabilized samples (15% RGP content, 2 M NaOH, 90 days curing) diminished from 3,667 to 2,668 kPa (27% reduction) after 12 F-T cycles. The one-dimensional consolidation test results confirmed a considerable reduction (92% for 90-day cured samples) in the settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije is the property of Institute of Metals & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The X-ray diffractometer in the laboratory is a crucial instrument for analyzing materials in science. It can be used on almost any crystal material, and if the machine parameters are appropriately controlled, it can offer a lot of information about the sample’s characteristics. Nevertheless, the data obtained from these machines are complicated by an aberration function that can be resolved through calibration. In this study, a powder comprising of Barium Sulfate (BaSO4), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Aluminum (Al) was used as the first sample and a single crystal sample comprised of Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3). The required calibration parameters of the X-ray diffractometer namely: Straight Beam Alignment, Beam Cut Alignment and Sample Tilt Alignment for two samples were analyzed and carried out. Using the results of the X-ray spectrum, important parameters such as corresponding planes for peak positions, d-spacing of planes, intensities, smallest crystallite sizes and lattice parameters, and a comparison with the reference data were all carried out. As another result, the out-of-plane alignment and Full-Width-at Half-Maximum (FWHM) value for GaN could be determined using the rocking curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the search for the coupled polymer nanocomposite thermoelectrics that exhibit a high value of thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) and similar behaviour of physical properties for the use as legs of thermoelectric cells is a current challenge. The direct current (DC) conductivity is one of the three important components of thermoelectric figure of merit. The aim of this study was to obtain PANI-based nanothermoelectrics with Te0 and Bi2Te3 nanoparticles and MWCNT by mechanochemical methodology and to investigate the dependency of their DC electrical conductivity on temperature in the 298–353 K range using the Arrhenius and Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) models. Inorganic Te0 and Bi2Te3 nanoparticles were pre-synthesized by the available and environmentally friendly method using a commercial tellurium powder. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The XRD study of ES-PANI/Te0 (4.4 wt% Te0) and ES-PANI/Bi2Te3 (2.9 wt% Bi2Te3) nanocomposites found that the nanoparticle average size was 32 nm and 17 nm, respectively. The DC conductivity study of the samples with different nanophase content (2.1, 4.4, 10.2 wt% Te0, 1.5, 2.9, 7.3 wt% Bi2Te3, 1.5 wt% MWCNT) by the two points measurement method reveals the following: (a) the presence of inorganic nanophase reduces the conductivity compared to the matrix, (b) the addition of MWCNT in ES-PANI increases its electrical conductivity, (c) the conductivity of ES-PANI/Te0 as well as ES-PANI/Bi2Te3 nanocomposite rises with the increasing inorganic nanophase content, (d) the observed increase in the electrical conductivity of MWCNT-based nanocomposites with increasing inorganic nanophase content is interrupted by a characteristic area of decrease in its value at average values of inorganic nanoparticles content (at Te0 content of 4.4 wt%, at Bi2Te3 content of 2.9 wt%), (e) a similar DC conductivity behaviour in ES-PANI/Te0—ES-PANI/Bi2Te3 and ES-PANI/Te0-MWCNT—ES-PANI/Bi2Te3-MWCNT nanocomposite pairs is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous membranes. These nanofibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical field. However, it has not been utilized with solid high explosives yet. Herein, the electrospinning technique has been used to fabricate polystyrene (PS)/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) composite nanofibers. The governed electrospinning parameters, voltage, distance from the collector, flow rate, mandrel rotating speed, time, and solution concentration, that greatly affect the morphology of the obtained nanofibers were optimized. The fabricated PS/RDX nano-fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The impact and friction sensitivities of PS/RDX were also measured. The thermal behavior of the prepared composite and the pure materials were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis technique (TGA). SEM results proved the fabrication of PS/RDX fibers in the nano-size via electrospinning. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the characteristic functional groups of both PS and RDX in the composite nano-fibers. XRD sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS into crystalline shape via electrospinning and also confirmed the formation of PS/RDX composite. The PS fibers absorbed the heat and increased the onset decomposition of the pure RDX from 181.5 to 200.7°C in the case of PS/RDX fibers. Interestingly, PS/RDX nano-fibers showed the relatively low impact and friction sensitivities of 100 J and 360 N respectively. These results could introduce PS/RDX nanofibrous composite in the field of explosives detection with high levels of safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast energy release, which is a fundamental property of reactive multilayer systems, can be used in a wide field of applications. For most applications, a self-propagating reaction and adhesion between the multilayers and substrate are necessary. In this work, a distinct approach for achieving self-propagating reactions and adhesion between deposited Ni/Al reactive multilayers and silicon substrate is demonstrated. The silicon surface consists of random structures, referred to as silicon grass, which were created by deep reactive ion etching. Using the etching process, structure units of heights between 8 and 13 µm and density between 0.5 and 3.5 structures per µm2 were formed. Ni and Al layers were alternatingly deposited in the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 using sputtering, to achieve a total thickness of 5 µm. The analysis of the reaction and phase transformation was done with high-speed camera, high-speed pyrometer, and X-ray diffractometer. Cross-sectional analysis showed that the multilayers grew only on top of the silicon grass in the form of inversed cones, which enabled adhesion between the silicon grass and the reacted multilayers. A self-propagating reaction on silicon grass was achieved, due to the thermally isolating air pockets present around these multilayer cones. The velocity and temperature of the reaction varied according to the structure morphology. The reaction parameters decreased with increasing height and decreasing density of the structures. To analyze the exact influence of the morphology, further investigations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryogenic rolling experiments have been conducted on the AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy sheet with bimodal non-basal texture, which is fabricated via the newly developed equal channel angular rolling and continuous bending process with subsequent annealing (ECAR-CB-A) process. Results demonstrate that this sheet shows no edge cracks until the accumulated thickness reduction reaches about 18.5%, which is about 105.6% larger than that of the sheet with traditional basal texture. Characterization experiments including optical microstructure (OM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements are then performed to explore the microstructure characteristics, texture evolution and deformation mechanisms during cryogenic rolling. Experimental observations confirm the occurrence of abundant {10–12} extension twins (ETs), twin-twin interactions among {10–12} ET variants and {10–12}-{10–12} double twins (DTs). The twinning behaviors as for {10–12} ETs are responsible for the concentration of c-axes of grains towards normal direction (ND) and the formation of transverse direction (TD)-component texture at the beginning of cryogenic rolling. The twinning behaviors with respect to {10–12}-{10–12} DTs are responsible for the disappearance of TD-component texture at the later stage of cryogenic rolling. The involved deformation mechanisms can be summarized as follows: Firstly {10–12} ETs dominate the plastic deformation. Subsequently, dislocation slip, especially basal slip, starts to sustain more plastic strain, while {10–12} ETs occur more frequently and enlarge continuously, resulting in the formation of twin-twin interaction among {10–12} ET variants. With the increasing rolling passes, {10–12}-{10–12} DTs incorporate in the plastic deformation and dislocation slip serves as the major one to sustain plastic strain. The activities of basal slip, {10–12} ETs and {10–12}-{10–12} DTs benefit in accommodating the plastic strain in sheet thickness, which contributes to the improved rolling formability in AZ31 Mg alloy sheet with bimodal non-basal texture during cryogenic rolling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the influence of SiC on the composition and structure of mixed slag (blast-furnace slag: steel slag = 1:9), the chemical composition, equilibrium-phase composition, and microscopic morphological characteristics and elemental distribution in the microscopic region of the SiC-reagent-tempered slag samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), FactSage7.1 thermodynamic analysis software, scanning electron microscope, and energy spectrum analyzer. It was found that the main physical phases of the tempered slag samples were magnesia–silica–calcite (Ca3Mg(SiO4)2, C3MS2), calcium–aluminum yellow feldspar (Ca2Al2SiO7, C2AS), C2S, and iron alloy. Theoretical calculations suggest that the experimental temperature should be higher than 1500 °C to facilitate the combination of P5+ with Fe and Mn in the liquid phase to form an alloy, reduce the P5+ content in the tempered slag, and create conditions for the self-powdering of the conditioned slag. The doping of the SiC reagent can increase the liquid phase line temperature and reduce the binary basicity in the liquid phase; the liquid phase line temperatures were 1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1300 °C and the basicities in the liquid phase were 4.68, 4.13, and 3.10 for the doping amounts of 3%, 4%, and 5% of the SiC reagent, respectively. The mixed slag doped with 4% SiC reagent achieves self-powdering and reduction of ferroalloys during the air-cooling and cooling processes, realizing the purpose of "resource utilization" of blast-furnace slag and steel slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of Mg addition on the microstructure and sacrificial anode protection performance of a hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg coating was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), an X-ray diffractometer, and an electrochemical workstation. The results showed that Al-Zn-Si alloy was composed of an Al-rich phase and a Zn-rich phase. The MgZn2 phase appears after Mg addition. When the addition of Mg increased to 0.15 wt.%, the Mg2Si phase began to appear in the alloy. The hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg coating consisted of Si particles, an Al-rich phase and a Zn-rich phase. When the Mg content increased to 0.15 wt.%, the Mg2Si phase and Al + Zn + MgZn2 eutectoid phase began to appear in the coating. In the full immersion corrosion test of the hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg coating, the order of corrosion resistance was 0.15% Mg coating > 0.2% Mg coating > 0.05% Mg coating > 0 Mg coating. In the corrosion process of the hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-0.15Mg coating, with the increase in immersion, the self-corrosion current of the coating decreased, and the sacrificial protection performance was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the application of copper powder in the field of microwave absorption, nickel coated copper powder and silver coated nickel coated copper composite powder were prepared by electroless plating method using copper powder as raw material. The phase composition and microstructure of composite powder was characterized by X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope. And the electromagnetic adsorption performance was tested by vector grid analyzer. The results show that the sample of nickel-coated copper powder with a thickness of 2.4 mm at 10.74 GHz has a RLmin of-21.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 0.08 GHz. The sample with a thickness of 2.6 mm at 10.78 GHz has a RLmin of-25.04 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 0.15 GHz. In the band of 8.2 ～12.4 GHz, the RLmin at 9.92 GHz is-55.36 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.2 GHz when the thickness of the sample is 2.6 mm. The thickness of the sample is 2.2～2.6 mm, and the reflection loss value in the whole X-band is less than-10 dB, which is the effective absorption bandwidth. Compared with nickel coated copper powder, silver coated copper coated powder has better microwave absorption performance, wider absorption frequency and wider thickness range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full-concentrationgradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CG-LNCM), consisting of core Ni-rich LiNi0.93Co0.07O2, transition zone LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, and outmost shell LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and high-temperature calcination. CG-LNCM was then investigated with an X-ray diffractometer, ascanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrate that CG-LNCM has a lower cation mixing of Li+ and Ni2+ and larger Li+ diffusion coefficients than concentration-constant LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CC-LNCM). CG-LNCM presents a higher capacity and a better rate of capability and cyclability than CC-LNCM. CG-LNCM and CC-LNCM show initial discharge capacities of 221.2 and 212.5 mAh g−1 at 0.2C (40 mA g−1) with corresponding residual discharge capacities of 177.3 and 156.1 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles, respectively. Even at high current rates of 2C and 5C, CG-LNCM exhibits high discharge capacities of 165.1 and 149.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, respectively, while the residual discharge capacities of CC-LNCM are as low as 148.8 and 117.9 mAh g−1 at 2C and 5C after 100 cycles, respectively. The significantly improved electrochemical performance of CG-LNCM is attributed to its concentration-gradient microstructure and the composition distribution of concentration-gradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2. The special concentration-gradient design and the facile synthesis are favorable for massive manufacturing of high-performance Ni-rich ternary cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and design of low-cost visible-light-active catalysts for the photodegradation of organic dyes have been regarded as an efficient way to use solar energy in addressing environmental issues. We report the fabrication of MoS2/CdS nanoparticles functionalized with Bi2S3 nanoflakes. The ternary composites of "MoS2/CdS/Bi2S3" were synthesized in situ by a hydrothermal method at different temperatures. The changes in structural, optical, and morphological properties of the synthesized CdS/MoS2/Bi2S3 were explored. The effects of Bi2S3 on CdS/MoS2 were thoroughly studied by performing an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an ultra-violet–visible spectrometer (Uv–vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) studies of the nanoparticles. XRD confirms the cubical crystal structure of the nanoparticles. SEM studies possess the modulation in the surface morphology with the tenability in volume ratios of "MoS2/CdS/Bi2S3" composites. It was observed that the bandgaps calculated using absorption measurements could be manipulated from 2.40 eV to 0.97 eV with varying Bi2S3 in the MoS2/CdS nanostructures. FT-IR confirmed the synthesis of "MoS2/CdS/Bi2S3" nanoparticles. On allowing the visible light to fall for 120 min, it was observed that "MoS2/CdS/Bi2S3" degrades the methylene blue up to 90%. The calculated results of "MoS2/CdS/Bi2S3" suggest that the synthesized material could be a strong candidate for photodegradation applications. This research work explains the synthesis of MoS2/CdS/Bi2S3-based nanocomposites for the degradation of dye using a photocatalytic process. The final results show that this catalyst effectively degrades the dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research has aimed to investigate the effect of Ti3AlC2 reinforcing MAX phase on the electromagnetic behavior of TiC matrix composites. In this case, the milling process and secondary heat treatment were used for the synthesis of the composite. The resulting structures were examined by scanning electron microscope, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffractometer. Electromagnetic behavior was investigated by vector network analyzer. The investigations showed that it is possible to create a TiC/Ti3AlC2 composite structure in situ after milling. Electromagnetic investigations revealed that the electromagnetic absorption behavior of TiC/Ti3AlC2 ceramic matrix composite was improved compared to the original TiC. So that the lowest reflection loss of the milled composite was equal to -19.46 dB in the frequency range of 1 to 18 GHz band. After annealing at 1400 °C, it was found that the Ti3AlC2 phase resulting from the milling process was not stable and turned into the single phase solid solution of TiCx. Electromagnetic investigations of the annealed sample showed that after removing the MAX phase, the electromagnetic absorption behavior was weakened. Thus, the lowest reflection loss of the annealed sample was equal to -9.82 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray powder diffraction is a vital analytical tool that is used in pharmaceutical science. It is increasingly used to establish the crystal structure of a new pharmaceutical substance, in particular, cocrystal or its polymorphic forms. This review begins with a brief discussion of the reliability of the structural parameters retrieved from powder patterns. Recent examples of the successful determination of crystal structures of pharmaceutical cocrystals and salts from powder diffraction data are discussed. These examples show the increased capabilities of laboratory X-ray powder diffractometers and modern software in solving actual problems of pharmaceutical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, YSZ coatings were prepared on nickel-based alloy substrates by anodic electrophoretic deposition. The YSZ suspension solution was obtained under stirring and ultrasonic treatment, in which the anhydrous ethanol and acetylacetone were used as the dispersion medium and ammonium polyacrylate was used as the dispersant of the suspension. The effects of different deposition voltage and deposition time on YSZ coating were investigated. Meantime, the microstructure of the coating surface was observed by metallographic microscope. It was found that the high-quality YSZ coating could be obtained by deposition at 60 V for 2–3 min. Finally, the effect of sintering temperature on coating quality was investigated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the YSZ coating bonded closely with the substrate after sintering at 1200 oC, and the porosity of the YSZ coating increased after sintering [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, recycled concrete powder (RCP) is used as the carrier of g-C3N4-TiO2 instead of natural minerals. The prepared g-C3N4-TiO2/RCP composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, specific surface area analyzer, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and RhB solution degradation experiments. The results show that the rough, porous structure of RCP was beneficial to the stable load of g-C3N4-TiO2. Under the condition that the content of g-C3N4-TiO2 catalyst is constant, the agglomeration of g-C3N4-TiO2 can be reduced by using RCP as a carrier, thus improving its photocatalytic efficiency. Subsequently, g-C3N4-TiO2/RCP was loaded onto the surface of cement-based materials by coating bonding method to study its photocatalytic performance. It is found that the photocatalytic cement-based material has a similar degradation effect on the degradation of surface RhB as g-C3N4-TiO2/RCP in RhB solution. Our work may open up a new field for the recycling of RCP and provide new ideas for the development of photocatalytic cement-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray crystallography is a robust and powerful structural biology technique that provides high-resolution atomic structures of biomacromolecules. Scientists use this technique to unravel mechanistic and structural details of biological macromolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, protein complexes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, or large biological compartments). Since its inception, single-crystal cryocrystallography has never been performed in Türkiye due to the lack of a single-crystal X-ray diffractometer. The X-ray diffraction facility recently established at the University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye will enable Turkish and international researchers to easily perform high-resolution structural analysis of biomacromolecules from single crystals. Here, we describe the technical and practical outlook of a state-of-the-art home-source X-ray, using lysozyme as a model protein. The methods and practice described in this article can be applied to any biological sample for structural studies. Therefore, this article will be a valuable practical guide from sample preparation to data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pure titanium (Ti) ERTi-2 was accumulated on an aluminum (Al) alloy ER5356 component via wire and arc additive manufacturing. The effect of processing parameters, mainly the input heat per unit length, on Ti/Al components was investigated. The microstructure of the Ti deposited layer and the Ti/Al reaction layer was analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and an X-ray diffractometer. The fabrication of the surface layer equivalent to pure Ti as the used wire or Ti-Al alloy on the Al alloy components was achieved under low and high input heat conditions, respectively, although the Ti/Al components had low joinability and cracks at the reaction layer. Finally, the potential of additive-manufactured Ti/Al components with reference to our results and previous reports was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]