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3. SARS-CoV-2 genome quantification in wastewaters at regional and city scale allows precise monitoring of the whole outbreaks dynamics and variants spreading in the population

Author

Wurtzer, S., Waldman, P., Levert, M., Cluzel, N., Almayrac, J.l., Charpentier, C., Masnada, F., Gillon-ritz, M., Mouchel, J.m., Maday, Y., Boni, M., Obepine Consortium, Ap-hp Virologist Group, Marechal, V, Moulin, L, Wurtzer, S., Waldman, P., Levert, M., Cluzel, N., Almayrac, J.l., Charpentier, C., Masnada, F., Gillon-ritz, M., Mouchel, J.m., Maday, Y., Boni, M., Obepine Consortium, Ap-hp Virologist Group, Marechal, V, and Moulin, L

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus causing a globalized outbreak called COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is associated with inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets and could causes severe complications. Until today several “waves” of infections have been observed despite implementation of strict health policies. Decisions for such sanitary measures are based on population health monitoring. Unfortunately, for COVID-19, a significant proportion of individuals are asymptomatic but play a role in the virus transmission. To overcome these limitations, several strategies were developed including genome quantification in wastewater that could allow monitoring of the health status of population, since shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in patient stool is frequent. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was established and several countries implemented this approach to allow COVID-19 outbreak monitoring. In France, the OBEPINE project performed a quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater samples collected from major wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) since March 2020. In the greater Paris area 1101 samples (507 for five WWTP and 594 for sewer) were collected. This 16 months monitoring allows us to observe the outbreak dynamics. Comparison of WBE indicators with health data lead to several important observation; the good level of correlation with incidence rates, the average 3 days lead time, and the sensitivity (WBE change when incidence is > to 7/100000 inhabitants). We also compared the local monitoring (city level) with the regional monitoring, to help cluster identification. Moreover, variants of concern (VOC) emerged due to the selection pressure. We developed a specific RT-qPCR method targeting the deletion H69-V70 in the spike protein, using this deletion as a proxy of the B.1.1.7 presence in the wastewater. With this data we demonstrate the predominant role played by this strain in the third wave. All these results allow a better description and understanding of the

Published
2022
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4. Wastewater-based epidemiology, an innovative tool for population health monitoring: example of the Obépine network, sentinel of the Covid-19 outbreak

Author

Moulin, L., Boni, M., Cluzel, N., Garry, Pascal, Le Guyader, Soizick, Levert, M., Maday, Y., Marechal, V., Mouchel, J.-m., Wang, S., and Wurtzer, S.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiological surveillance, Variants, Virologie hydrique, Surveillance épidémiologique, Wastewater, Eaux usées, Obépine, Covid-19, Wastewater based epidemiology
Abstract

Epidemics require the monitoring of reliable and relevant indicators to inform health care decision making. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the monitoring of viral dynamics in the population by individual-centered approaches proved to be complex and strongly influenced by asymptomatic carriers and changes in screening policy. In this context, other indicators for global epidemiological monitoring were proposed. Quantification of the virus load in wastewater, using molecular biology tools, quickly emerged as an innovative and objective indicator for monitoring the Covid-19 epidemic. This "wastewater-based epidemiology" (WWBE), whose relevance had been demonstrated a few years earlier, is now a complementary tool for epidemiological monitoring. This indicator is recommended by the European Union since March 2021. The Obépine consortium, which brings together interdisciplinary research teams, has been working on this topic since the beginning of the epidemic in order to develop and master this tool. This research consortium is also the basis of the French national surveillance network of the epidemic via wastewater. The measurement methods, still being optimized in research laboratories, nevertheless require great precautions in their implementation and interpretation for routine use. Through the example of the research program and the network built by Obépine, we will discuss the different steps necessary to set up this epidemiological monitoring via wastewater. The different steps necessary for its mastery are presented here as well as the first lessons to be learned., Les épidémies nécessitent un suivi d’indicateurs fiables et pertinents, afin d’éclairer les prises de décisions sanitaires. Durant la pandémie de SARS-CoV-2, le suivi de la dynamique virale au sein de la population par les approches individu-centrées s’est révélé complexe et fortement influencé par les porteurs asymptomatiques et les modifications de la politique de dépistage. Dans ce contexte, d’autres indicateurs de suivi épidémiologique global ont été très rapidement proposés. La quantification du virus dans les eaux usées, via des outils de biologie moléculaire, s’est très vite révélée comme un indicateur de suivi de l’épidémie de Covid-19 novateur et objectif. Cette « épidé miologie par les eaux usées » (WWBE pour wastewater-based epidemiology en anglais) dont la pertinence avait été démontrée quelques années auparavant, est à présent un outil complémentaire de suivi épidémiologique. Cet indicateur est recommandé par l’Union européenne depuis mars 2021. Le consortium Obépine, regroupant des équipes de recherche interdisciplinaires a, dès le début de l’épidémie, travaillé sur cette thématique afin d’approfondir et de maîtriser cet outil. Ce consortium de recherche est également à la base du réseau de surveillance national français de l’épidémie via les eaux usées. Les méthodes de mesures, encore en cours d’optimisation dans les labo - ratoires de recherche, nécessitent néanmoins de grandes précautions dans leur mise en oeuvre et leur interprétation pour un usage de routine. À travers l’exemple du programme de recherche et du réseau construit par Obépine, nous aborderons ici les différentes étapes nécessaires à la constitution de ce suivi épidémiologique via les eaux usées. Différentes étapes nécessaires à sa maîtrise sont présentées ici ainsi que les premiers enseignements à retenir.

Published
2021

5. SARS-CoV-2 genome quantification in wastewaters at regional and city scale allows precise monitoring of the whole outbreaks dynamics and variants spreading in the population

Author

Wurtzer, S., Waldman, P., Levert, M., Cluzel, N., Almayrac, J.l., Charpentier, C., Masnada, F., Gillon-ritz, M., Mouchel, J.m., Maday, Y., Boni, M., Obepine Consortium, Ap-hp Virologist Group, Marechal, V, and Moulin, L

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, RT-qPCR, COVID-19, Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets, Wastewater, Pollution, Article, Disease Outbreaks, Variant monitoring, Quantification, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus causing a globalized outbreak called COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is associated with inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets and could causes severe complications. Until today several “waves” of infections have been observed despite implementation of strict health policies. Decisions for such sanitary measures are based on population health monitoring. Unfortunately, for COVID-19, a significant proportion of individuals are asymptomatic but play a role in the virus transmission. To overcome these limitations, several strategies were developed including genome quantification in wastewater that could allow monitoring of the health status of population, since shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in patient stool is frequent. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was established and several countries implemented this approach to allow COVID-19 outbreak monitoring. In France, the OBEPINE project performed a quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater samples collected from major wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) since March 2020. In the greater Paris area 1101 samples (507 for five WWTP and 594 for sewer) were collected. This 16 months monitoring allows us to observe the outbreak dynamics. Comparison of WBE indicators with health data lead to several important observation; the good level of correlation with incidence rates, the average 3 days lead time, and the sensitivity (WBE change when incidence is > to 7/100000 inhabitants). We also compared the local monitoring (city level) with the regional monitoring, to help cluster identification. Moreover, variants of concern (VOC) emerged due to the selection pressure. We developed a specific RT-qPCR method targeting the deletion H69-V70 in the spike protein, using this deletion as a proxy of the B.1.1.7 presence in the wastewater. With this data we demonstrate the predominant role played by this strain in the third wave. All these results allow a better description and understanding of the pandemic and highlight the role of such WBE indicators., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image

Published
2021

6. L’épidémiologie basée sur les eaux usées, un outil innovant pour le suivi sanitaire des populations : l’exemple du réseau Obépine, sentinelle de l’épidémie de Covid-19

Author

Moulin, L., Boni, M., Cluzel, N., Gary, P., Le Guyader, Soizick, Levert, M., Maday, Y., Marechal, V., Mouchel, J.-m., Wang, S., Wurtzer, S., Moulin, L., Boni, M., Cluzel, N., Gary, P., Le Guyader, Soizick, Levert, M., Maday, Y., Marechal, V., Mouchel, J.-m., Wang, S., and Wurtzer, S.

Abstract

Epidemics require the monitoring of reliable and relevant indicators to inform health care decision making. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the monitoring of viral dynamics in the population by individual-centered approaches proved to be complex and strongly influenced by asymptomatic carriers and changes in screening policy. In this context, other indicators for global epidemiological monitoring were proposed. Quantification of the virus load in wastewater, using molecular biology tools, quickly emerged as an innovative and objective indicator for monitoring the Covid-19 epidemic. This "wastewater-based epidemiology" (WWBE), whose relevance had been demonstrated a few years earlier, is now a complementary tool for epidemiological monitoring. This indicator is recommended by the European Union since March 2021. The Obépine consortium, which brings together interdisciplinary research teams, has been working on this topic since the beginning of the epidemic in order to develop and master this tool. This research consortium is also the basis of the French national surveillance network of the epidemic via wastewater. The measurement methods, still being optimized in research laboratories, nevertheless require great precautions in their implementation and interpretation for routine use. Through the example of the research program and the network built by Obépine, we will discuss the different steps necessary to set up this epidemiological monitoring via wastewater. The different steps necessary for its mastery are presented here as well as the first lessons to be learned., Les épidémies nécessitent un suivi d’indicateurs fiables et pertinents, afin d’éclairer les prises de décisions sanitaires. Durant la pandémie de SARS-CoV-2, le suivi de la dynamique virale au sein de la population par les approches individu-centrées s’est révélé complexe et fortement influencé par les porteurs asymptomatiques et les modifications de la politique de dépistage. Dans ce contexte, d’autres indicateurs de suivi épidémiologique global ont été très rapidement proposés. La quantification du virus dans les eaux usées, via des outils de biologie moléculaire, s’est très vite révélée comme un indicateur de suivi de l’épidémie de Covid-19 novateur et objectif. Cette « épidé miologie par les eaux usées » (WWBE pour wastewater-based epidemiology en anglais) dont la pertinence avait été démontrée quelques années auparavant, est à présent un outil complémentaire de suivi épidémiologique. Cet indicateur est recommandé par l’Union européenne depuis mars 2021. Le consortium Obépine, regroupant des équipes de recherche interdisciplinaires a, dès le début de l’épidémie, travaillé sur cette thématique afin d’approfondir et de maîtriser cet outil. Ce consortium de recherche est également à la base du réseau de surveillance national français de l’épidémie via les eaux usées. Les méthodes de mesures, encore en cours d’optimisation dans les labo - ratoires de recherche, nécessitent néanmoins de grandes précautions dans leur mise en oeuvre et leur interprétation pour un usage de routine. À travers l’exemple du programme de recherche et du réseau construit par Obépine, nous aborderons ici les différentes étapes nécessaires à la constitution de ce suivi épidémiologique via les eaux usées. Différentes étapes nécessaires à sa maîtrise sont présentées ici ainsi que les premiers enseignements à retenir.

Published
2021
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11. Past and Future Trajectories of Human Excreta Management Systems: Paris in the Nineteenth to Twenty-First Centuries

Author

Esculier, Fabien, Barles, Sabine, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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12. River Basin Visions: Tools and Approaches from Yesterday to Tomorrow

Author

Carré, Catherine, Meybeck, Michel, Garnier, Josette, Chong, Natalie, Deroubaix, José-Frédéric, Flipo, Nicolas, Goutte, Aurélie, Le Pichon, Céline, Seguin, Laura, Tournebize, Julien, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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13. Trajectories of the Seine River Basin

Author

Flipo, Nicolas, Lestel, Laurence, Labadie, Pierre, Meybeck, Michel, Garnier, Josette, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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14. Bathing Activities and Microbiological River Water Quality in the Paris Area: A Long-Term Perspective

Author

Mouchel, Jean-Marie, Lucas, Françoise S., Moulin, Laurent, Wurtzer, Sébastien, Euzen, Agathe, Haghe, Jean-Paul, Rocher, Vincent, Azimi, Sam, Servais, Pierre, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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15. Pluri-annual Water Budget on the Seine Basin: Past, Current and Future Trends

Author

Flipo, Nicolas, Gallois, Nicolas, Labarthe, Baptiste, Baratelli, Fulvia, Viennot, Pascal, Schuite, Jonathan, Rivière, Agnès, Bonnet, Rémy, Boé, Julien, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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16. The Evolution of the Seine Basin Water Bodies Through Historical Maps

Author

Lestel, Laurence, Eschbach, David, Meybeck, Michel, Gob, Frédéric, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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17. Sedimentary Archives Reveal the Concealed History of Micropollutant Contamination in the Seine River Basin

Author

Ayrault, Sophie, Meybeck, Michel, Mouchel, Jean-Marie, Gaspéri, Johnny, Lestel, Laurence, Lorgeoux, Catherine, Boust, Dominique, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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18. The Seine Watershed Water-Agro-Food System: Long-Term Trajectories of C, N and P Metabolism

Author

Billen, Gilles, Garnier, Josette, Le Noë, Julia, Viennot, Pascal, Gallois, Nicolas, Puech, Thomas, Schott, Celine, Anglade, Juliette, Mary, Bruno, Beaudoin, Nicolas, Léonard, Joël, Mignolet, Catherine, Théry, Sylvain, Thieu, Vincent, Silvestre, Marie, Passy, Paul, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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19. How Should Agricultural Practices Be Integrated to Understand and Simulate Long-Term Pesticide Contamination in the Seine River Basin?

Author

Blanchoud, H., Schott, C., Tallec, G., Queyrel, W., Gallois, N., Habets, F., Viennot, P., Ansart, P., Desportes, A., Tournebize, J., Puech, T., Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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20. Experience Gained from Ecotoxicological Studies in the Seine River and Its Drainage Basin Over the Last Decade: Applicative Examples and Research Perspectives

Author

Bonnard, M., Barjhoux, I., Dedourge-Geffard, O., Goutte, A., Oziol, L., Palos-Ladeiro, M., Geffard, A., Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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21. Ecological Functioning of the Seine River: From Long-Term Modelling Approaches to High-Frequency Data Analysis

Author

Garnier, J., Marescaux, A., Guillon, S., Vilmin, L., Rocher, V., Billen, G., Thieu, V., Silvestre, M., Passy, P., Raimonet, M., Groleau, A., Théry, S., Tallec, G., Flipo, N., Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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22. Aquatic Organic Matter in the Seine Basin: Sources, Spatio-Temporal Variability, Impact of Urban Discharges and Influence on Micro-pollutant Speciation

Author

Varrault, G., Parlanti, E., Matar, Z., Garnier, J., Nguyen, P. T., Derenne, S., Rocher, V., Muresan, B., Louis, Y., Soares-Pereira, C., Goffin, A., Benedetti, M. F., Bressy, A., Gelabert, A., Guo, Y., Cordier, M.-A., Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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23. Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Seine River Basin: Overview of Recent Research

Author

Labadie, Pierre, Alligant, Soline, Berthe, Thierry, Budzinski, Hélène, Bigot-Clivot, Aurélie, Collard, France, Dris, Rachid, Gasperi, Johnny, Guigon, Elodie, Petit, Fabienne, Rocher, Vincent, Tassin, Bruno, Tramoy, Romain, Treilles, Robin, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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24. Mass Balance of PAHs at the Scale of the Seine River Basin

Author

Gateuille, D., Gasperi, J., Briand, C., Guigon, E., Alliot, F., Blanchard, M., Teil, M.-J., Chevreuil, M., Rocher, V., Azimi, S., Thevenot, D., Moilleron, R., Brignon, J.-M., Meybeck, M., Mouchel, J.-M., Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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25. Changes in Fish Communities of the Seine Basin over a Long-Term Perspective

Author

Belliard, Jérôme, Beslagic, Sarah, Tales, Evelyne, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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26. Correction to: The Seine River Basin

Author

Flipo, Nicolas, Labadie, Pierre, Lestel, Laurence, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Knepper, Thomas P., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Nghiem, Duc Long, Editorial Board Member, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Editorial Board Member, Flipo, Nicolas, editor, Labadie, Pierre, editor, Lestel, Laurence, editor, Alligant, S., With Contri. by, Alliot, F., With Contri. by, Anglade, J., With Contri. by, Ansart, P., With Contri. by, Ayrault, S., With Contri. by, Azimi, S., With Contri. by, Baratelli, F., With Contri. by, Barjhoux, I., With Contri. by, Barles, S., With Contri. by, Beaudoin, N., With Contri. by, Belliard, J., With Contri. by, Benedetti, M. F., With Contri. by, Berthe, T., With Contri. by, Beslagic, S., With Contri. by, Bigot-Clivot, A., With Contri. by, Billen, G., With Contri. by, Blanchard, M., With Contri. by, Blanchoud, H., With Contri. by, Boé, J., With Contri. by, Bonnard, M., With Contri. by, Bonnet, R., With Contri. by, Boust, D., With Contri. by, Bressy, A., With Contri. by, Briand, C., With Contri. by, Brignon, J.-M., With Contri. by, Budzinski, H., With Contri. by, Carré, C., With Contri. by, Chevreuil, M., With Contri. by, Chong, N., With Contri. by, Collard, F., With Contri. by, Cordier, M.-A., With Contri. by, Dedourge-Geffard, O., With Contri. by, Derenne, S., With Contri. by, Deroubaix, J.-F., With Contri. by, Desportes, A., With Contri. by, Dris, R., With Contri. by, Eschbach, D., With Contri. by, Esculier, F., With Contri. by, Euzen, A., With Contri. by, Gallois, N., With Contri. by, Flipo, N., With Contri. by, Garnier, J., With Contri. by, Gasperi, J., With Contri. by, Gateuille, D., With Contri. by, Geffard, A., With Contri. by, Gelabert, A., With Contri. by, Gob, F., With Contri. by, Goffin, A., With Contri. by, Goutte, A., With Contri. by, Groleau, A., With Contri. by, Guigon, E., With Contri. by, Guillon, S., With Contri. by, Guo, Y., With Contri. by, Habets, F., With Contri. by, Haghe, J.-P., With Contri. by, Labadie, P., With Contri. by, Labarthe, B., With Contri. by, Le Noë, J., With Contri. by, Le Pichon, C., With Contri. by, Léonard, J., With Contri. by, Lestel, L., With Contri. by, Lorgeoux, C., With Contri. by, Louis, Y., With Contri. by, Lucas, F. S., With Contri. by, Marescaux, A., With Contri. by, Mary, B., With Contri. by, Matar, Z., With Contri. by, Meybeck, M., With Contri. by, Mignolet, C., With Contri. by, Moilleron, R., With Contri. by, Mouchel, J.-M., With Contri. by, Moulin, L., With Contri. by, Muresan, B., With Contri. by, Nguyen, P. T., With Contri. by, Oziol, L., With Contri. by, Palos-Ladeiro, M., With Contri. by, Parlanti, E., With Contri. by, Passy, P., With Contri. by, Petit, F., With Contri. by, Puech, T., With Contri. by, Queyrel, W., With Contri. by, Raimonet, M., With Contri. by, Riviére, A., With Contri. by, Rocher, V., With Contri. by, Schott, C., With Contri. by, Schuite, J., With Contri. by, Seguin, L., With Contri. by, Servais, P., With Contri. by, Silvestre, M., With Contri. by, Soares-Pereira, C., With Contri. by, Tales, E., With Contri. by, Tallec, G., With Contri. by, Tassin, B., With Contri. by, Teil, M.-J., With Contri. by, Théry, S., With Contri. by, Thevenot, D., With Contri. by, Thieu, V., With Contri. by, Tournebize, J., With Contri. by, Tramoy, R., With Contri. by, Treilles, R., With Contri. by, Varrault, G., With Contri. by, Viennot, P., With Contri. by, Vilmin, L., With Contri. by, and Wurtzer, S., With Contri. by

Published
2021
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27. Deciphering the Diversities of Astroviruses and Noroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by a High-Throughput Sequencing Method.

Author

Prevost, B., Lucas, F. S., Ambert-Balay, K., Pothier, P., Moulin, L., and Wurtzer, S.

Subjects
*VIRUSES, *MICROORGANISMS, *ARBOVIRUSES, *PATHOGENIC viruses, *PLANT viruses
Abstract

Although clinical epidemiology lists human enteric viruses to be among the primary causes of acute gastroenteritis in the human population, their circulation in the environment remains poorly investigated. These viruses are excreted by the human population into sewers and may be released into rivers through the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to evaluate the viral diversity and loads in WWTP effluents of the Paris, France, urban area, which includes about 9 million inhabitants (approximately 15% of the French population), the seasonal occurrence of astroviruses and noroviruses in 100 WWTP effluent samples was investigated over 1 year. The coupling of these measurements with a high-throughput sequencing approach allowed the specific estimation of the diversity of human astroviruses (human astrovirus genotype 1 [HAstV-1], HAstV-2, HAstV-5, and HAstV-6), 7 genotypes of noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup I (NoV GI.1 to NoV GI.6 and NoV GI.8), and 16 genotypes of NoVs of genogroup II (NoV GII.1 to NoV GII.7, NoV GII.9, NoV GII.12 to NoV GII.17, NoV GII.20, and NoV GII.21) in effluent samples. Comparison of the viral diversity in WWTP effluents to the viral diversity found by analysis of clinical data obtained throughout France underlined the consistency between the identified genotypes. However, some genotypes were locally present in effluents and were not found in the analysis of the clinical data. These findings could highlight an underestimation of the diversity of enteric viruses circulating in the human population. Consequently, analysis of WWTP effluents could allow the exploration of viral diversity not only in environmental waters but also in a human population linked to a sewerage network in order to better comprehend viral epidemiology and to forecast seasonal outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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28. Assessing RNA integrity by digital RT-PCR: Influence of extraction, storage, and matrices.

Author

Wurtzer S, Duvivier M, Accrombessi H, Levert M, Richard E, and Moulin L

Abstract

The development of high-throughput sequencing has greatly improved our knowledge of microbial diversity in aquatic environments and its evolution in highly diverse ecosystems. Relevant microbial diversity description based on high-throughput sequencing relies on the good quality of the nucleic acid recovered. Indeed, long genetic fragments are more informative for identifying mutation combinations that characterize variants or species in complex samples. This study describes a new analytical method based on digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) partitioning technology for assessing the fragmentation of nucleic acid and more specifically viral RNA. This method allows us to overcome limits associated with hydrolysis probe-based assay by focusing on the distance between different amplicons, and not, as usual, on the size of amplicons. RNA integrity can thus be determined as a new fragmentation index, the so-called Fragment size 50. The application of this method has provided information on issues that are inherent in environmental analyses, such as the storage impact of raw samples or extracted RNA, extraction methods, and the nature of the sample on the integrity of viral RNA. Finally, the estimation of fragment size by digital PCR (dPCR) showed a very strong similarity with the fragment size sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. In addition to enabling objective improvements in analytical methods, this approach could become a systematic quality control prior to any long-read sequencing, avoiding insufficiently productive sequencing runs or biases in the representativeness of sequenced fragments., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Published
2024
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29. Bat Rhinacoviruses Related to Swine Acute Diarrhoea Syndrome Coronavirus Evolve under Strong Host and Geographic Constraints in China and Vietnam.

Author

Hassanin A, Tu VT, Pham PV, Ngon LQ, Chabane T, Moulin L, and Wurtzer S

Subjects
Animals, Vietnam epidemiology, China epidemiology, Swine, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeography, Chiroptera virology, Phylogeny, Genome, Viral, Swine Diseases virology, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Alphacoronavirus genetics, Alphacoronavirus classification, Alphacoronavirus isolation & purification, Coronavirus Infections veterinary, Coronavirus Infections virology, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV; Coronaviridae, Rhinacovirus ) was detected in 2017 in Guangdong Province (China), where it caused high mortality rates in piglets. According to previous studies, SADS-CoV evolved from horseshoe bat reservoirs. Here, we report the first five Rhinacovirus genomes sequenced in horseshoe bats from Vietnam and their comparisons with data published in China. Our phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for four groups: rhinacoviruses from Rhinolphus pusillus bats, including one from Vietnam; bat rhinacoviruses from Hainan; bat rhinacoviruses from Yunnan showing a divergent synonymous nucleotide composition; and SADS-CoV and related bat viruses, including four rhinacoviruses from Vietnam sampled in Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus thomasi . Our phylogeographic analyses showed that bat rhinacoviruses from Dien Bien (Vietnam) share more affinities with those from Yunnan (China) and that the ancestor of SADS-CoVs arose in Rhinolophus affinis circulating in Guangdong. We detected sequencing errors and artificial chimeric genomes in published data. The two SADS-CoV genomes previously identified as recombinant could also be problematic. The reliable data currently available, therefore, suggests that all SADS-CoV strains originate from a single bat source and that the virus has been spreading in pig farms in several provinces of China for at least seven years since the first outbreak in August 2016.

Published
2024
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30. [The French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA) and wastewater-based epidemiology: Applicability and relevance in armed forces].

Author

Boni M, Gorgé O, Mullot JU, Wurtzer S, Moulin L, Maday Y, Obépine G, Canini F, Chantre M, Teyssou R, Maréchal V, Janvier F, and Tournier JN

Abstract

The French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA) deeply involved in research on SARS-COV-2, participated in the creation of the Obépine sentinel network in charge of detecting, qualifying and quantifying the virus genome in wastewater in France. During this pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology has proven to be a first class public health tool for assessing viral dynamics in populations and environment. Obépine has also conducted research demonstrating the low infectivity of faeces and wastewater and allowed for early detection of epidemic waves linked to new variants. The IRBA has adapted this powerful tool to the monitoring of viral infections on board the aircraft carrier Charles-de-Gaulle in order to get an operational system for anticipation after the first local outbreak in 2020. The presence of this surveillance and anticipation tool has allowed a better management of SARS-CoV-2 contingent introductions on board during stopovers or crewmembers entries. The combination of a mandatory vaccination protocol and the surveillance of viral circulation in black waters has made it possible to identify and locate cases, and thus to continue the operational mission in the COVID-19 environment while limiting the spread and preserving the health of the crew. This innovative tool can easily be redirected to the search for any other pathogens in blackwater or even, in the long term, to ensure health surveillance of any military establishment, at sea or on land, in France or on overseas bases., (© 2022 l'Académie nationale de médecine. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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31. Reduction in SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infectivity in Human and Hamster Feces.

Author

Wurtzer S, Lacote S, Murri S, Marianneau P, Monchatre-Leroy E, Boni M, Ferraris O, Maday Y, Kébé O, Dia N, Peyrefitte C, Sokol H, Obepine Consortium, Moulin L, and Maréchal V

Subjects
Animals, Cricetinae, Feces, Humans, Mesocricetus, RNA, Viral, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Objective: There is extensive evidence that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the infectivity of virions in feces is poorly documented. Although the primary mode of transmission is airborne, the risk of transmission from contaminated feces remains to be assessed., Design: The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 (infectivity and RNA) in human and animal feces was evaluated by virus isolation on cell culture and RT-qPCR, respectively. The exposure of golden Syrian hamsters to experimentally contaminated feces through intranasal inoculation has also been tested to assess the fecal-oral transmission route., Results: For periods that are compatible with average intestinal transit, the SARS-CoV-2 genome was noticeably stable in human and animal feces, contrary to the virus infectivity that was reduced in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. In human stools, this reduction was variable depending on the donors. Viral RNA was excreted in the feces of infected hamsters, but exposure of naïve hamsters to feces of infected animals did not lead to any productive infection. Conversely, hamsters could be experimentally infected following exposure to spiked fresh feces., Conclusion: Infection following exposure to naturally contaminated feces has been suspected but has not been established so far. The present work demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 rapidly lost infectivity in spiked or naturally infected feces. Although the possibility of persistent viral particles in human or animal feces cannot be fully ruled out, SARS-CoV-2 transmission after exposure to contaminated feces is unlikely.

Published
2022
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32. SARS-CoV-2 Whole-Genome Sequencing Using Oxford Nanopore Technology for Variant Monitoring in Wastewaters.

Author

Barbé L, Schaeffer J, Besnard A, Jousse S, Wurtzer S, Moulin L, Le Guyader FS, and Desdouits M

Abstract

Since the beginning of the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, multiple Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations have been reported and led to the emergence of variants of concern (VOC) with increased transmissibility, virulence or immune escape. In parallel, the observation of viral fecal shedding led to the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in wastewater, providing information about the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections within a population including symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Here, we aimed to adapt a sequencing technique initially designed for clinical samples to apply it to the challenging and mixed wastewater matrix, and hence identify the circulation of VOC at the community level. Composite raw sewage sampled over 24 h in two wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) from a city in western France were collected weekly and SARS-CoV-2 quantified by RT-PCR. Samples collected between October 2020 and May 2021 were submitted to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the primers and protocol published by the ARTIC Network and a MinION Mk1C sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, United Kingdom). The protocol was adapted to allow near-full genome coverage from sewage samples, starting from ∼5% to reach ∼90% at depth 30. This enabled us to detect multiple single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and assess the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 VOC Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Retrospective analysis of sewage samples shed light on the emergence of the Alpha VOC with detection of first co-occurring signature mutations in mid-November 2020 to reach predominance of this variant in early February 2021. In parallel, a mutation-specific qRT-PCR assay confirmed the spread of the Alpha VOC but detected it later than WGS. Altogether, these data show that SARS-CoV-2 sequencing in sewage can be used for early detection of an emerging VOC in a population and confirm its ability to track shifts in variant predominance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Barbé, Schaeffer, Besnard, Jousse, Wurtzer, Moulin, OBEPINE Consortium, Le Guyader and Desdouits.)

Published
2022
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33. First evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).

Author

Le Guernic A, Palos Ladeiro M, Boudaud N, Do Nascimento J, Gantzer C, Inglard JC, Mouchel JM, Pochet C, Moulin L, Rocher V, Waldman P, Wurtzer S, and Geffard A

Subjects
Animals, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Wastewater, Bivalvia, COVID-19, Dreissena genetics
Abstract

The uses of bivalve molluscs in environmental biomonitoring have recently gained momentum due to their ability to indicate and concentrate human pathogenic microorganisms. In the context of the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, the objective of this study was to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid genome can be detected in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) exposed to raw and treated urban wastewaters from two separate plants to support its interest as bioindicator of the SARS-CoV-2 genome contamination in water. The zebra mussels were exposed to treated wastewater through caging at the outlet of two plants located in France, as well as to raw wastewater in controlled conditions. Within their digestive tissues, our results showed that SARS-CoV-2 genome was detected in zebra mussels, whether in raw and treated wastewaters. Moreover, the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in such bivalve molluscans appeared even with low concentrations in raw wastewaters. This is the first detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in the tissues of a sentinel species exposed to raw and treated urban wastewaters. Despite the need for development for quantitative approaches, these results support the importance of such invertebrate organisms, especially zebra mussel, for the active surveillance of pathogenic microorganisms and their indicators in environmental waters., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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34. A nationwide indicator to smooth and normalize heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 RNA data in wastewater.

Author

Cluzel N, Courbariaux M, Wang S, Moulin L, Wurtzer S, Bertrand I, Laurent K, Monfort P, Gantzer C, Guyader SL, Boni M, Mouchel JM, Maréchal V, Nuel G, and Maday Y

Subjects
Humans, RNA, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Wastewater, COVID-19, Epidemics
Abstract

Since many infected people experience no or few symptoms, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is frequently monitored through massive virus testing of the population, an approach that may be biased and may be difficult to sustain in low-income countries. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in stool samples, quantifying SARS-CoV-2 genome by RT-qPCR in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been carried out as a complementary tool to monitor virus circulation among human populations. However, measuring SARS-CoV-2 viral load in WWTPs can be affected by many experimental and environmental factors. To circumvent these limits, we propose here a novel indicator, the wastewater indicator (WWI), that partly reduces and corrects the noise associated with the SARS-CoV-2 genome quantification in wastewater (average noise reduction of 19%). All data processing results in an average correlation gain of 18% with the incidence rate. The WWI can take into account the censorship linked to the limit of quantification (LOQ), allows the automatic detection of outliers to be integrated into the smoothing algorithm, estimates the average measurement error committed on the samples and proposes a solution for inter-laboratory normalization in the absence of inter-laboratory assays (ILA). This method has been successfully applied in the context of Obépine, a French national network that has been quantifying SARS-CoV-2 genome in a representative sample of French WWTPs since March 5th 2020. By August 26th, 2021, 168 WWTPs were monitored in the French metropolitan and overseas territories of France. We detail the process of elaboration of this indicator, show that it is strongly correlated to the incidence rate and that the optimal time lag between these two signals is only a few days, making our indicator an efficient complement to the incidence rate. This alternative approach may be especially important to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in human populations when the testing rate is low., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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35. Effect of disinfection agents and quantification of potentially viable Leptospira in fresh water samples using a highly sensitive integrity-qPCR assay.

Author

Richard E, Bourhy P, Picardeau M, Moulin L, and Wurtzer S

Subjects
Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water microbiology, Humans, Leptospira pathogenicity, Leptospirosis diagnosis, Leptospirosis genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Water, Water Microbiology, Zoonoses microbiology, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Disinfection, Leptospira isolation & purification, Leptospirosis microbiology
Abstract

Leptospirosis is an emerging worldwide zoonotic disease, but the general biology of the causative agents is still poorly understood. Humans are an occasional host. The main risk factors are water-associated exposure during professional or recreational activities or during outbreaks in endemic areas. Detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic environments and their capacity to resist various inactivation processes are research fields that need to be further developed. In addition, the methods used for detecting and enumerating Leptospira still need to be improved. We aimed to describe a new quantitative polymerase chain reaction coupled to propidium monoazide treatment (PMAqPCR) that targets not only total Leptospira but also discriminates pathogenic from non-pathogenic Leptospira while also addressing PCR inhibitors, a frequently encountered problem when studying environmental water. In a second step, the killing efficiency of Leptospira to different treatments was tested and PMAqPCR compared to culture-based enumeration. This provided information about the effects of temperature, as well as ultraviolet and chlorine disinfection, that are both related to water treatment processes, in particular for the production of drinking water, on the persistence of both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira. Finally, PMAqPCR was used for the detection of Leptospira in freshwater samples for a proof-of-concept. In conclusion, our method could be used for routine freshwater monitoring and allows better evaluation of the presence of Leptospira, allowing evaluation of the bacterial dynamics in a designated area or assessment of the efficacy of water disinfection processes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2021
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37. Vomiting symptom of acute gastroenteritis estimated from epidemiological data can help predict river contamination by human pathogenic enteric viruses.

Author

Tesson V, Belliot G, Estienney M, Wurtzer S, and Renault P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Monitoring methods, France epidemiology, Gastroenteritis virology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Seasons, Virus Shedding, Viruses classification, Wastewater virology, Water Purification, Young Adult, Fresh Water virology, Gastroenteritis epidemiology, Rivers virology, Viruses isolation & purification, Vomiting virology
Abstract

Contamination of fresh water bodies by human enteric viruses from wastewater discharge is a well-established phenomenon. Here we propose a model of viral contamination of rivers based on acute gastroenteritis epidemiology and assess how well it can simulate in situ experimental monitoring. Noroviruses, rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses and hepatitis A viruses were quantified by molecular methods after water concentration. Water flows were obtained from the Hydro databank and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) data. Acute gastroenteritis cases based on medical prescriptions were recorded by the French public health agency. We estimated the total number of daily viral acute gastroenteritis cases and modeled virus shedding and fate in WWTPs and rivers. Simulated virus concentrations were compared to the weighted sum of measured concentrations. Seasonal variations in viral acute gastroenteritis were predicted from vomiting occurrence. All viruses except hepatitis A virus were widely detected in wastewaters and river, in concentrations reaching 10 +6  genome copies·L -1 for adenoviruses in the Artière River. We were able to predict virus load in raw wastewater and in the Artière River. Estimated weighting coefficients showed the high impact of noroviruses GII. This model can thus serve to compare water treatment, discharge and reuse scenarios., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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38. Enhancement of the influenza A hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus entry by the viral neuraminidase (NA).

Author

Su B, Wurtzer S, Rameix-Welti MA, Dwyer D, van der Werf S, Naffakh N, Clavel F, and Labrosse B

Subjects
Acids, Animals, Biological Assay, Cell Fusion, Cell Line, Dogs, HIV-1 pathogenicity, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Membrane Fusion, Reproducibility of Results, Solubility, Trypsin metabolism, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus metabolism, Influenza A virus enzymology, Neuraminidase metabolism, Virus Internalization
Abstract

Background: The major role of the neuraminidase (NA) protein of influenza A virus is related to its sialidase activity, which disrupts the interaction between the envelope hemagglutinin (HA) protein and the sialic acid receptors expressed at the surface of infected cells. This enzymatic activity is known to promote the release and spread of progeny viral particles following their production by infected cells, but a potential role of NA in earlier steps of the viral life cycle has never been clearly demonstrated. In this study we have examined the impact of NA expression on influenza HA-mediated viral membrane fusion and virion infectivity., Methodology/principal Findings: The role of NA in the early stages of influenza virus replication was examined using a cell-cell fusion assay that mimics HA-mediated membrane fusion, and a virion infectivity assay using HIV-based pseudoparticles expressing influenza HA and/or NA proteins. In the cell-cell fusion assay, which bypasses the endocytocytosis step that is characteristic of influenza virus entry, we found that in proper HA maturation conditions, NA clearly enhanced fusion in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, expression of NA at the surface of pseudoparticles significantly enhanced virion infectivity. Further experiments using exogenous soluble NA revealed that the most likely mechanism for enhancement of fusion and infectivity by NA was related to desialylation of virion-expressed HA., Conclusion/significance: The NA protein of influenza A virus is not only required for virion release and spread but also plays a critical role in virion infectivity and HA-mediated membrane fusion.

Published
2009
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39. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1: resistance to nucleoside analogues and replicative capacity in primary human macrophages.

Author

Perez-Bercoff D, Wurtzer S, Compain S, Benech H, and Clavel F

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Cell Line, DNA Primers, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Macrophages, Nucleosides genetics, Nucleosides pharmacology, Plasmids genetics, Virus Replication drug effects, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV-1 genetics, Mutation genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Virus Replication genetics
Abstract

Antiretroviral treatment failure is associated with the emergence of resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations which often express altered replicative capacity (RC). The resistance and RC of clinical HIV-1 strains, however, are generally assayed using activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or tumor cell lines. Because of their high proliferation rate and concurrent high deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) content, both resistance and RC alterations might be misestimated in these cell systems. We have evaluated the resistance of HIV-1 clones expressing a variety of RT resistance mutations in primary human macrophages using a single cycle system. Our experiments indicate that d4T, ddI, and 3TC are more potent in macrophages than in HeLa-derived P4 tumor cells. Mutant viruses bearing thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) or the K65R mutation had similar resistance levels in the two cell types. Strikingly, however, the M184V mutant, although fully resistant to 3TC in P4 cells, maintained some susceptibility to 3TC in macrophages from 8 of 11 donors. Using the same system, we found that the impact of resistance mutations on HIV RC was minimal in activated PBMC and in P4 cells. In contrast, mutant viruses exhibited strongly impaired RC relative to the wild type (WT) in macrophages, with the following RC order: WT > two TAMs > four TAMs = M184V > K65R. In undifferentiated monocytes, WT virus replication could be detected in three of six donors, but replication of all mutant viruses remained undetectable. Altogether, our results confirm that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are powerful antiviral agents in differentiated macrophages, reveal that HIV resistance to some NRTIs may be less efficient in these cells, and indicate that resistance-associated loss of RC is more pronounced in macrophages than in high-dNTP content cell systems.

Published
2007
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40. Functional central polypurine tract provides downstream protection of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome from editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B.

Author

Wurtzer S, Goubard A, Mammano F, Saragosti S, Lecossier D, Hance AJ, and Clavel F

Subjects
APOBEC-3G Deaminase, Base Sequence, Cytidine Deaminase genetics, DNA Replication, DNA, Viral biosynthesis, DNA, Viral genetics, HIV-1 enzymology, Humans, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Nucleoside Deaminases genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics, Cytidine Deaminase metabolism, Genome, Viral, HIV-1 genetics, Nucleoside Deaminases metabolism, RNA Editing, Repressor Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Lentiviruses utilize two polypurine tracts for initiation of plus-strand viral DNA synthesis. We have examined to what extent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plus-strand initiation at the central polypurine tract (cPPT) could protect the viral genome from DNA editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B. The presence of a functional cPPT, but not of a mutated cPPT, extensively reduced editing by both APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B of sequences downstream, but not upstream, of the cPPT, with significant protection observed as far as 400 bp downstream. Thus, in addition to other potential functions, the cPPT could help protect lentiviruses from editing by cytidine deaminases of the APOBEC family.

Published
2006
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41. Effect of cell cycle arrest on the activity of nucleoside analogues against human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Author

Wurtzer S, Compain S, Benech H, Hance AJ, and Clavel F

Subjects
Anti-HIV Agents administration & dosage, DNA genetics, HIV Reverse Transcriptase antagonists & inhibitors, HIV-1 enzymology, HeLa Cells, Humans, Lethal Dose 50, Nucleosides chemistry, Zidovudine administration & dosage, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Cell Cycle physiology, HIV-1 drug effects, Nucleosides pharmacology, S Phase physiology
Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcription can be notably affected by cellular activation, differentiation, and division. We hypothesized that changes in the cell cycle could also affect HIV susceptibility to nucleoside analogues, which compete with natural nucleotides for incorporation into viral DNA and inhibit viral replication through premature termination of reverse transcription. Proliferating HeLa-derived indicator cells were arrested in the S/G2 phase with etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, or in the G1/S phase with aphidicolin, a polymerase alpha inhibitor. Cell cycle arrest by both agents induced a remarkable decrease in HIV susceptibility to zidovudine (AZT). This decrease was seen both with a single-cycle infectivity assay and with a viral DNA quantitation assay, indicating that the effect of cell cycle arrest was exerted at the reverse transcription stage. The increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) seen with arrested cells was strongest for AZT (23-fold) and stavudine (21-fold) but more modest for other drugs (lamivudine, 11-fold; dideoxyinosine, 7-fold; and nevirapine, 3-fold). In drug-resistant reverse transcriptase mutants, the increase in AZT IC50 (relative to that in dividing cells) was most prominent with a Q151M mutant and was comparable to the wild type in other drug-resistant mutants. Quantitation of intracellular pools of dTTP and AZT 5'-triphosphate (AZTTP) showed that etoposide treatment induced a significant increase in intracellular dTTP and consequently a decrease in AZTTP/dTTP ratios, suggesting that the decrease in viral susceptibility to AZT was caused by reduced incorporation of the analogue into nascent viral DNA. These results emphasize the importance of cellular proliferation and deoxynucleoside triphosphate metabolism in HIV susceptibility to nucleoside analogues and underscore the need to study the activities of drugs of this class with natural target cells under physiological conditions of activation and proliferation.

Published
2005
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